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主题意义下小学英语跨学科阅读教学的研究

2024-03-29江苏省江阴市华士实验小学蔡爱萍

小学教学研究 2024年1期
关键词:跨学科意义学科

江苏省江阴市华士实验小学 蔡爱萍

新课标明确提出,教师要开展跨学科主题学习活动,加强学科间的相互关联,带动课程综合化实施,强化实践性要求。由此可知,用跨学科理念培养学生的核心素养,是新课标的亮点和特色之一。

学生对主题意义的探究程度对其语篇理解、思维发展、语言学习等有深远的影响。基于此,教师应理解并确立探究主题意义在英语教学中的核心地位,还应注重加强学科实践和开展跨学科主题教学,强化课程协同育人功能,通过关联、整合英语以及其他学科的学习内容,探索学科间的互动和融合方式,促进学生语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力的多元融合发展。

一、读前融合:激活思维,创设情境,感知主题

【教学片段1】

译林版英语四年级下册Unit 7What’s the matter?Story time 板块呈现了Liu Tao 傍晚回家后和父母在家的场景,课文以对话形式,呈现单元核心句型“What’s the matter?”用以询问他人的情况,结合核心词汇hungry、thirsty、ill、tired 等和句型“I’m…”来表达感受和感觉,并用句型“Come and have…”等给予他人关爱和建议。课堂伊始,教师以一首歌曲导入。

If you are happy,happy,happy,clap your hands.

(开心地拍手)

If you are angry,angry,angry,stomp your feet.(生气地跺脚)

If you are scared,scared,scared,say “Oh,no!”.(惊恐地说“Oh, no!”)

If you are sleepy,sleepy,sleepy,go to bed.(做睡觉状)

【教学赏析】

在导入环节,教师带领学生一起演唱歌曲“If you are...”。歌曲的旋律是学生耳熟能详的,改编后的歌词包含学生已学的“感觉感受”类单词,如happy、angry、scared、sleepy 等。教师将英语与音乐学科融合,采用生动活泼的演唱的教学方式,让学生体验用英语学、说、唱、演的乐趣,不但激发了学生的学习兴趣,使学生获得成就感和自信心,还让学生在演唱的同时,以表演动作的方式展示他们对happy、angry、scared、sleepy等核心词汇的理解。教师巧妙地以此引导学生积极、主动地开启对主题意义的探究之路:“If you want to be a love deliverer,you should care about other people.If you want to care about them,you should notice others’ feelings.If you want to notice their feelings,you should understand the feelings first.”。

【教学片段2】

译林版英语四年级下册Unit 5SeasonsStory time 板块以四段简洁的小诗呈现了四季不同的气候特征,以及孩子们在不同季节里不同的户外活动。通过本课时的阅读教学活动,教师要引导学生提炼different weather,different activities 等文本信息。师生共同建构和探究主题意义“体验和感知季节的不同、独特、美好”。

T: Just now,we enjoyed a song together.Do you like this song?

S: Yes.

T: What’s the song about?

S: It’s about seasons.

T: How many seasons do we have in a year?S: There are four seasons in a year.

T: What are they?

(教学核心词汇spring、summer、autumn、winter)

T: Great.Why do we have four seasons in a year?

S: Sorry,I don’t know.

T: Never mind.Here I want to share a video with all of you.After watching the video,you’ll know the reasons.

(师生共同观看科学视频《四季是怎样形成的》)

T: After watching the video,let me check your understanding.Look at the pictures,which season is it? Can you guess?

(学生结合科学知识,根据图片信息判断季节)

【教学赏析】

Story time 文本阅读前,教师在启发学生思考“Why do we have four seasons?”这一活动中,先让学生观看视频,让学生感知四季形成的科学知识:地球和月球相互绕地月中心共同旋转,地球除了自转,还会绕着太阳公转。因为南北半球受太阳光照不同,就形成了不同的季节。在学生了解这一科学知识后,教师引导学生基于英语学科,融合科学知识,判断图片中所指向的季节,旨在避免单纯的学科拼接缝合,而是把跨学科学习推向深入,让学生运用跨学科知识解决生活中的实际问题。这一感知、观察、思考、交流、展示的读前活动,丰富了英语学科的教学内容,营造了多元的语言学习氛围,培养了学生的思维品质和解决问题的能力,也为本课主题意义的探究构建和拓宽了情境:“That’s

why we have different seasons,different weather and activities.Each season is different and unique.Enjoy each season.”。

二、读中融合:发展思维,丰富内涵,建构主题

【教学片段3】

译林版英语五年级下册Unit 7Chinese festivalsStory time 板块包含四段文本,主要涵盖中国四大传统节日——春节、端午节、中秋节、重阳节的时间、传统活动、传统食物等显性文化信息。教师通过音乐、视频和图片等多模态手段展开教学,引导学生阅读文本,提取信息。以下是教师在教学春节、端午节部分文本时与学生的对话:

T: What do people eat at the Spring Festival?

S: They eat dumplings.

T: Some people eat dumplings.What else do we eat?

S: We eattangyuan.

T: Actually,that is a tradition.In South China,people always eattangyuan.But in North China,dumplings is more popular.Why?

S1: I think they want to be rich.

S2: I think they want to get together.

T: Dumplings look like yuanbao.People wish to get more money.Tangyuanis sweet and round.People wish to have a sweet life and reunion.But all the people wish to get together and have a big dinner at the Spring Festival.They all wish for Good Luck,no matter where they are from in China.

T: What do people do at the Dragon Boat Festival?

S: They have dragon boat races.

T: Yes,there are dragon boat races in some places.In South China,it is more popular.Let me show you,like in Hubei,Zigui,in Hunan,Miluo,in Guangdong and so on.But why is it more popular in South China?

S: Because Qu Yuan is in South China.

T: Maybe that’s because of local tradition.There is another reason.Because there are more rivers and lakes in South China.But nowadays all of us celebrate this festival to remember Qu Yuan and wish for a peaceful life.

【教学赏析】

主题意义的探究离不开思维的参与。教师应准确提取学科交叉点,根据学情和主题意义探究的走向,通过设计逻辑合理、层层递进的问题链,引导学生发掘文本中蕴含的隐性的地理学科教学资源,从地理学科视角看待和分析传统文化。南北差异、地势分布等不同的地理环境因素或许造就了不同的传统文化,但是,历经千百年的传承,这些传统节日所要展现的中华文明的精神标识和文化精髓是不变的:“We all wish for

Good Luck,Peaceful Life,Happy Reunion and Long Life.”。学生感知、体验、比较、理解传统文化的多样性和差异性的过程,是一个深度阅读的过程,是一个深度发掘主题意义的过程。学生从中发展了思维,也能更深刻地领悟和认同这些中国传统节日中所蕴含的思想内涵和文化价值观。

【教学片段4】

在基于单元整体的译林版英语四年级下册Unit 5SeasonsStory time 板块的教学中,教师将课时主题设定为“Try to be a good poet”,旨在引导学生在吟诵诗歌的过程中,激发内在情感,感知季节的美好、精彩和乐趣。在winter 部分的阅读教学活动中,教师基于文本和学情设计拓展教学环节。师生对话如下:

T: We can do different things in different seasons. What can we do in winter?

S1: In winter,it snows.We can make snowmen.

S2: We can go skating.

T: In winter,we can go skating.Do you know any other sports in winter?

S3: I know skiing.

S4: I know snowball fights.

T: In 2022,we held Winter Olympic Games in Beijing.There are many different sports.Look at the pictures.They are skiing,curling,figure skating and so on.Chinese players got good grades in this event.Do you like them?

S: Yes.

T: Do you want to know more sports in winter?You can search on the Internet,draw mind maps and share with us next class.

T: So what do you think of winter?S5: I think winter is interesting.

S6: I think winter is happy.

T: Let’s try to read it happily.

【教学赏析】

英语课程具有工具性和人文性的统一。英语与体育学科的融合对于语言知识、学习能力、课程育人等方面具有正向的作用,并有较高的实践价值。在阅读活动中,教师明确英语学科和体育学科在本节课可以交融的渠道和途径,找到人们在冬季的户外活动和冬季奥林匹克运动会项目的共通性,拓展教学运动类语言知识,以此拓宽语言的广度,培养思维的深度。主题意义是在个人与文本、他人、自我的互动中建构形成的,因此具有很大的开放性和多元性。教师还以多模态手段宣传中国体育健儿的奋斗事迹,弘扬中国正能量。无论是从英语学科角度,还是从体育学科角度,对冬季奥林匹克运动会知识进行拓展教学,不但丰盈了本语篇的主题意义,还对涵养家国情怀、树立文化自信、塑造正确的价值观和良好的品格起到重要的作用。

三、读后融合:提升思维,迁移输出,升华主题

【教学片段5】

译林版英语五年级下册Unit 5Helping our parents以“帮助父母”为单元话题,Story time 板块则以Mike 的视角,介绍了一家人周六一天的生活场景,用现在进行时描述了每位家庭成员在不同时间、不同地点正在做的事情。文本情境朴实,贴近学生的实际生活。教师在引导学生提取表层信息的同时,还要发掘这些信息所传达的潜在育人信息,抓住契机,渗透劳动教育。读后环节,师生对话如下:

T: Mike and Helen can do different housework.What about you? In China,students of different ages are supposed to do different housework.

[课件呈现《大中小学劳动教育指导纲要(试行)》]

T : You are in Grade 5.Look,here is the housework list for students from Grade 4 to Grade 6.Can you do these housework?What housework can you do?

S1: I can make the bed.

S2: I can put my books in order.

S3: I can feed my pets.

T: I know you can do so many different kinds of housework.I am proud of you.In the story,Mike and Helen are good helpers.Tim is a good helper,too.I think you can also be good helpers.But how can you be good helpers?Here’s a learning task for you.

First,talk about the housework you can do.

Next,think about the housework you want to learn to do.

Then,discuss how will you learn to do the housework.

Work in four.After doing that try to make a report.

(学生在任务单的辅助下进行主题式小组合作学习)

T: Doing housework makes us happy.You can do the housework and help your parents.I am sure you can be good helpers at home.

【教学赏析】

英语教学不仅要加强语言技能的训练,还要发掘教材中的育人因素,润物细无声地对学生进行德育。教师在读后环节梳理故事中的孩子做家务的信息,拓展和延伸家务劳动主题学习素材,依托主题语境和综合语言实践活动,从不同学科视角和学生讨论家务劳动,在语言学习中有机渗透劳动教育,引导学生在“我应该会做什么家务”“我会做什么家务”向“我为什么要做家务”“我还想学习做什么家务”“我可以通过何种途径学习做家务”的主题升华中实现自我成长,在主题情境中教育学生“家务劳动是每个人的责任,在家要承担力所能及的家务劳动,做家长的小帮手,做家里的小主人”,潜移默化地培养学生的担当意识,实现英语学科工具性和人文性的价值追求。

【教学片段6】

译林版英语四年级下册Unit 4Drawing in the parkStory time 板块呈现了Mike 和Tim 在公园写生时发生的对话,兄弟俩在公园里体验美好景色和事物,享受画画的乐趣。在阅读文本后,教师设计了一个名为Art lab 的互动画画活动。

T: Sometimes pictures are easy to draw.Sometimes they are difficult.That’s why today we have got something difficult.It’s difficult.

S: But we can try.

T: We are going to draw a great picture together.To draw,we have some sentences here.Here’s the word bank.All of the words and sentences are useful and important for you.(图略)

T: I’m the first painter.You need to ask me questions.

S: What can you see/hear/smell over there?

T: I can see the purple sky.So I draw the purple sky.I can hear little birds,too.

S: Can you draw them?

T:Sure,it’s easy.This is the purple sky.These are the little birds.What can you see/hear/smell over there?

(学生在word bank 的辅助下询问教师问题,教师示范边答边画。教师示范后,请学生提问,学生代表依次上台,边答边画)

T: Today we talked about Mike and Tim drawing in the park.They see a lot of things and they draw pictures. And we talked about how to make a good picture.To draw a good picture, what can we do?

We can .

Sometimes drawing is .

Sometimes drawing is .

But we can always .

Because drawing can make us/give us .

(学生在语言支架的辅助下,补充文本)

【教学赏析】

以英语学科教学为例,跨学科教学应基于英语学科立场,突出英语语言的功能性,建立和加强学科间的关联,开展综合实践活动,用英语实施跨学科学习任务,解决跨学科情境中的实际问题,提升主题意义,塑造学生的品格。在本节阅读课的读后环节,教师延续“绘画”主题,创设跨学科情境,鼓励学生运用已有和新学语言知识,结合“五感”展开想象,积极进行绘画创作。学生对这一环节兴趣浓厚,跃跃欲试,在跨学科情境中进行真实且流畅的语言输出,潜移默化、自然而然地完成了从理解文本表层含义到体验文本价值,再到自主对主题意义产生理解和共鸣的转化,完成了对主题意义的深层探究和自我体验的升华。

主题意义探究理念下的小学英语跨学科阅读教学的研究,也是对英语课程工具性和人文性如何有机融合的探索。教师应全面把握英语课程的育人价值,积极尝试打破学科界限,丰富课程内涵,运用恰当的跨学科教学策略,发展学生的学科核心素养,努力落实和实现立德树人根本任务。

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