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橄榄苦苷对牛磺胆酸钠诱导的重症急性胰腺炎大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用

2021-01-28杨政章佳颖马纪林王洁

中国现代医生 2021年33期
关键词:心肌损伤急性胰腺炎

杨政 章佳颖 马纪林 王洁

[摘要] 目的 探讨橄榄苦苷对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠心肌损伤的影响。 方法 25只大鼠按体重随机分成假手术组、模型组、OLE低剂量组(30 mg/kg)、OLE中剂量组(60 mg/kg)和OLE高剂量组(90 mg/kg),每组各5只。各组大鼠分别于手术造模前1 d按组别灌胃给予相应药物。造模后24 h,各组选1只大鼠进行心脏超声检查,监测大鼠造模后24 h的心脏血流动力学变化,包括左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室短軸收缩率(LVFS),每组各选3只大鼠监测心率(P),心脏血流动力学指标检测完毕后,各组大鼠分别经腹主动脉采血,分离血清,全自动生化分析仪检测血清淀粉酶、钙离子和CK-MB。结果 在实验过程中,模型组、OLE低剂量组、OLE中剂量组和OLE高剂量组分别有2只大鼠于造模后24 h内死亡,假手术组大鼠未发生明显异常。与假手术组相比,左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室短轴收缩率(LVFS)三项数据模型组和OLE低剂量组变化较大;心率各组变化均不大。与假手术组血清淀粉酶浓度相比,模型组(P<0.001)、OLE低剂量组(P<0.001)、OLE中剂量组(P<0.001)和OLE高剂量组(P<0.001)均有显著性差异;与假手术组血清CK-MB浓度相比,模型组(P<0.001)、OLE低剂量组和OLE中剂量组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而OLE高剂量组无明显差异;与模型组血清CK-MB浓度相比,OLE低剂量组(P<0.05)、OLE中剂量组(P<0.01)和OLE高剂量组(P<0.001)均有显著性差异。与假手术组血清钙离子浓度相比,模型组(P<0.001)和OLE低剂量组(P<0.01)有显著性差异,而OLE中剂量组和OLE高剂量组无差异;与模型组血清钙离子浓度相比,OLE低剂量组无显著性差异,OLE中剂量组(P<0.01)和OLE高剂量组(P<0.001)均有显著性差异。 结论 橄榄苦苷可改善重症急性胰腺炎大鼠心肌损伤。

[关键词] 橄榄苦苷;急性胰腺炎;心肌损伤;血清淀粉酶;CK-MB;心脏超声

[中图分类号] R576          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)33-0045-05

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of oleuropein on myocardial injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Methods Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group,the OLE low-dose group(30 mg/kg),the OLE medium-dose group (60 mg/kg) and the OLE high-dose group(90 mg/kg) according to the body weight,with 5 rats in each group. The rats in each group were given corresponding drugs by intragastric administration on the day before operation. During the 24 hours after modeling,one rat in each group was selected for echocardiography examination to monitor the changes of cardiac hemodynamics in 24 hours after modeling,including the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS). Three rats in each group were selected to monitor the heart rate (P). After the cardiac hemodynamic indexes were detected,blood of the rats in each group were collected through the abdominal aorta,and their serum was separated. The serum amylase,calcium ion and CK-MB were detected by the automatic biochemical analyzer. Results During the experiment,respective two rats in the model group,the OLE low-dose group,the OLE medium-dose group and the OLE high-dose group died within 24 h after modeling,and no obvious abnormalities occurred in the sham operation group. Compared with the sham operation group,the left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS) were significantly changed in the model group and the OLE low-dose group. No significant changes were observed in heart rate in each group. The serum amylase concentrations of the model group(P<0.001),the OLE low-dose group(P<0.001),the OLE medium-dose group(P<0.001) and the OLE high-dose group(P<0.001) were significantly different from that of the sham operation group. Compared with the sham operation group,statistically significant differences were observed in?the serum CK-MB concentrations of the model group(P<0.001),the OLE low-dose group (P<0.001) and the OLE medium-dose group(P<0.01),but no statistically significant difference was observed in the OLE high-dose group. Compared with the model group,statistically significant differences were observed in the serum CK-MB concentrations in the OLE low-dose group(P<0.05),OLE medium-dose group(P<0.01) and OLE high-dose group(P<0.001). Compared with the sham operation group,statistically significant differences were observed in the serum calcium concentration in the model group(P<0.001) and the OLE low-dose group(P<0.01),while no differences were observed in the OLE medium-dose group and the OLE high-dose group. Compared with the model group,no statistically significant difference was observed in the serum calcium ion concentration in the OLE low-dose group,but statistically significant differences were observed in the OLE middle-dose group (P<0.01) and the OLE high-dose group (P<0.001). Conclusion Oleuropein can relieve myocardial injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis.

[Key words] Oleuropein; Acute pancreatitis; Myocardial injury; Serum amylase; CK-MB; Echocardiography

急性胰腺炎(Acute pancreatitis,AP)是常见的胃肠道住院原因,发病率持续增加[1-2]。AP相关的器官衰竭是患者死亡的主要因素[3-4]。重症急性胰腺炎(Severe acute pancreatitis, SAP)常会并发心肌损伤,SAP相关性心肌损伤常表现心肌缺氧,细胞肥大甚至死亡[5]。最近研究表明,心肌酶升高与SAP严重程度和预后有关[6]。尽管对SAP发病机制研究不断深入,临床治疗显著改善,但死亡率仍高,相关并发症发生率仍居高不下。因此,有必要开发新的治疗策略改善SAP心脏损伤和预后。

橄榄苦苷(Oleuropein,OLE)是一种多酚化合物[7],在心血管疾病中显示出独特作用,包括治疗高血压、预防心肌细胞死亡等[8]。目前,研究基础下通过胰胆管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠诱导大鼠急性胰腺炎的心肌损伤,监测心脏超声及血清淀粉酶、CK-MB、离子钙,观察OLE对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠心肌损伤的影响,现报道如下。

1 材料与仪器

1.1 材料与动物

橄榄苦苷(源叶生物,批号:P02M11L109137);25只雄性SD大鼠,购入时体重为220~250 g,SPF级,购自上海斯莱克实验动物有限公司,许可证号:SCXK(沪)2017-0005,合格证号:20170005023495。本研究通过动物实验伦理审查(审批编号:HB1911004)。

1.2 仪器与试剂

①BL-420S生物机能实验系统:成都泰盟软件有限公司,型号:BL-420S;全波长酶标仪:SpectraMax Plus 384型,美国MD;②低速自动平衡离心机:TDZ4-WS型,湖南湘仪;电子天平:美国丹佛,型号:TP214;③数码相机:505D,佳能;牛黄胆酸钠:aladdin,批号:L1715127,钙测试盒:南京建成,批号20200302。④轮转式切片机:RM2235型,LEICA公司,设备编号:HB215;⑤病理组织漂烘仪:tec 2500型,常州市郝思琳仪器设备有限公司,设备编号:HB121;⑥显微镜:BX43型,OLYMPUS公司,设备编号:HB133;隔水式恒温培养箱:PYX-DHS500BS-Ⅱ型,上海跃进医疗器械有限公司,设备编号:HB123。⑦TUNEL细胞凋亡原位检测试剂盒:ROCHE,货号:11684817910;蛋白酶K:Tiangen,货号:RT403-01,批号:M2011;⑧苏木素:Sigma公司,货号H9627。

1.3 方法

1.3.1 急性胰腺炎模型的建立与给药  2020年3月5日至4月5日期间,25只大鼠称重,按体重随机分成5组,假手术组、模型组、OLE低剂量组(30 mg/kg)、OLE中剂量组(60 mg/kg)和OLE高剂量组(90 mg/kg),每组各5只,适应性饲养14 d,生活行为正常,大鼠造模前1 d按组别灌胃相应药物,造模前禁食不禁水12 h。3%戊巴比妥钠(1.5 mL/kg体重)腹腔注射麻醉,无菌下切开腹壁约5 cm,辨别胆胰管走向,聚四氟乙烯导管逆行穿刺进入胰胆管,向内推进5 mm,见胆汁和胰液流出后结扎壶腹部乳头开口处防止注射液回流;同时胆总管上段用小动脉夹钳夹闭,防止注射液流入肝内。微泵恒压匀速逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠(2 mL/kg),胰腺组织出血肿胀,颜色由肉红色转为灰黑色(图1),撤除动脉夹。假手术组:仅暴露并轻微翻动胰腺,其余手术同上。

1.3.2 心脏超声测定  造模后各组选1只大鼠进行心脏超声检查,监测造模后24 h心脏血流动力学变化,包括左室舒张末容积(Left ventricular end-diastolic volume,LVEDV)、左室射血分数(Left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)和左室短轴收缩率(Left ventricular fractional shortening,LVFS);各组选3只大鼠监测心率(P)。

1.3.3 血清淀粉酶、CK-MB、钙离子含量测定  心脏血流动力学指标检测完毕后各组大鼠分别经腹主动脉采血,分离血清,检测淀粉酶、CK-MB和钙离子;取心尖于4%甲醛固定备用。

1.3.4 大鼠心肌组织Tunel染色  ①制作切片:4%甲醛溶液固定,固定后将组织修整,组织块经脱水、透明、浸蜡、包埋、切片、烤片后常温保存。②Tunel染色:切片脱蜡,Proteinase K工作液处理组织37°C消化20 min;每片加5 μL TdT+45 μL荧光素标记的dUTP混匀液,37℃作用60 min;每片加50 μL converter-POD,37℃作用30 min;加适量DAB底物,显微镜下控制显色;苏木素复染;脱水、透明、封固。

1.4 统计学方法

每个心肌组织样本于200×镜下随机选取3个视野统计TUNEL陽性细胞数,计算凋亡指数:凋亡指数=凋亡细胞数/(凋亡细胞计数+非凋亡细胞计数)×100%,取3个视野平均值。各组结果以(x±s)表示。使用GraphPad Prism 5分析数据,并表示为平均值±SEM和发生率。使用方差分析(ANOVA)分析和Fisher精确检验差异。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义,P<0.01为差异有高度统计学意义。

2 结果

实验过程中模型组、OLE低、中、高剂量组分别有2只大鼠造模后24 h内死亡,假手术组未发生异常。

2.1 心脏血流动力学变化情况

模型組和OLE低剂量组左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室短轴收缩率(LVFS)三项数据较假手术组变化较大;心率监测发现,模型组,OLE低、中、高剂量组较假手术组有统计学差异,模型组和OLE中剂量组心率有统计学差异,OLE中剂量组和OLE高剂量组心率有统计学差异,其余各组间心率变化无差异。见表1。

2.2 心肌组织病理结果

心肌组织病理分析可见,模型组,OLE低、中、高剂量组与假手术组凋亡细胞指数比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),模型组和OLE高剂量组凋亡细胞指数比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且模型组,OLE低、中、高剂量组凋亡指数呈下降趋势。见表2、封三图8。

2.3生化指标结果

模型组,OLE低、中、高剂量组血清淀粉酶浓度比假手术组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);模型组与OLE低剂量组血清淀粉酶浓度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。

模型组,OLE低、中、高剂量组血清CK-MB浓度比假手术组更高,模型组,OLE低、中剂量组与假手术组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),OLE高剂量组与假手术组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);OLE低、中、高剂量组血清CK-MB浓度比模型组低,且呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);OLE高剂量组较OLE中剂量组血清CK-MB浓度低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。

模型组,OLE低、中剂量组血清钙离子浓度比假手术组低,模型组与假手术组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),OLE低、中剂量组与假手术组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);OLE低、中、高剂量组血清钙离子浓度较模型组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);OLE高剂量组血清钙离子浓度较OLE低、中剂量组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而OLE低剂量组与OLE中剂量组之间血清钙离子浓度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表3。

3 讨论

SAP开始于胰腺的局部炎症,最终引起全身性炎症反应和并发症,是一种致命性疾病。过去20余年SAP研究取得了显著进展,但其发病机制仍未阐述清楚[9],SAP心肌损伤是死亡主要原因之一[10]。本研究成功建立了SAP动物模型发现,模型组,OLE低、中、高剂量组血清淀粉酶浓度较假手术组高;模型组、OLE低、中、高剂量组各有2只大鼠于造模后24 h内死亡,假手术组无明显异常,死亡率未见统计学差异。另外,本研究中橄榄苦苷治疗时间仅24 h,相对有限。需要扩大样本量和更长的治疗时间深入研究。

橄榄苦苷是酚类化合物,橄榄苦苷具有广泛生物作用,并表现出多种治疗活性[11],包括镇痛、抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌等[12]。Tsoumani等[13]发现,橄榄苦苷抗氧化作用增加心肌保护,并通过抑制NF-kB和GSK-3β信号传导减轻败血症引起的全身炎症和心肌损伤[14]。橄榄苦苷抗氧化活性与水溶性α-生育酚相似[15]。因此,橄榄苦苷抗氧化和抗炎特性是心脏保护的合适研究对象[16]。研究发现,橄榄苦苷作用大鼠缺血前后心脏可见心率、左心室舒张末期压力(Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, LVEDP)、左心室形成压力(Left ventricular developed pressure,LVDP)、心室压力时间变化(最大和最小dp/dt)及冠状动脉流出量均有显著改善。此外,橄榄苦苷可改善缺血-再灌注损伤后心脏功能障碍。本研究结果表明,SAP大鼠造模前向大鼠灌胃橄榄苦苷具有心肌损伤保护作用。模型组和OLE低剂量组LVEF比假手术组明显降低,OLE中、高剂量组较模型组和假手术组相仿。模型组和OLE低剂量组的LVEF、LVFS较假手术组变化较大,而OLE中、高剂量组与假手术组相仿,各组大鼠心率变化均不大。

十余年来Ca2+信号传导被认为是胰腺炎的关键诱因[17]。用胆囊收缩素-8刺激腺泡细胞可导致胞质Ca2+持续升高,引起胞内消化酶过早活化和细胞坏死[18]。SAP沉淀物,如胆盐和乙醇等也会导致细胞坏死[19]。本研究结果显示,模型组,OLE低、中剂量组较假手术组血清Ca2+低,OLE高剂量组高于假手术组;OLE低剂量组较模型组血清Ca2+相仿,OLE中、高剂量组较之升高。由此可见,SAP大鼠灌注橄榄苦苷可减轻再灌注诱导的“钙超载”[20]。目前鲜有关于橄榄苦苷对SAP大鼠心肌损伤作用的报道。因此,有必要对其进行研究。

CK-MB水平可以评估心肌损伤[21]。模型组,OLE低、中、高剂量组血清CK-MB高于假手术组;OLE低、中、高剂量组较模型组CK-MB低。本研究中橄榄苦苷治疗的SAP大鼠血清CK-MB和LDH水平明显降低。因此,初步实验证据表明,橄榄苦苷可抑制SAP心肌损伤大鼠血清CK-MB上调,对SAP大鼠具有心肌保护作用。

综上所述,橄榄苦苷能够有效降低SAP大鼠血清CK-MB水平,并可减轻SAP大鼠细胞内Ca2+升高,从而减轻心肌损伤。本研究大鼠数量有限,需更大样本量前瞻性研究橄榄苦苷对SAP诱发心肌损伤保护作用的潜在机制。

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(收稿日期:2021-05-11)

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