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长链非编码RNAROR1-AS1促进骨肉瘤细胞侵袭的机制研究

2020-10-09张勇

中国医药导报 2020年22期
关键词:侵袭

张勇

[摘要] 目的 探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA) ROR1-AS1对骨肉瘤(OS)侵袭能力的影响。 方法 RT-PCR检测成骨细胞和OS细胞株中lncRNA ROR1-AS1和ROR1的表达;行细胞转染,观察细胞生长情况,再过表达ROR1,Transwell和划痕实验检测细胞侵袭能力;Western-blot检测上皮间质转化相关分子标志物E-caderin、N-caderin、abcam的表达。 结果 与成骨细胞比较,OS细胞中lncRNA ROR1-AS1和ROR1高表达(P < 0.01);抑制lncRNA ROR1-AS1后,OS细胞中ROR1的mRNA表达下调(P < 0.05);Transwell和划痕实验显示细胞侵袭能力减弱,过表达ROR1后侵袭能力恢复(P < 0.05);抑制lncRNA ROR1-AS1后上皮表型标志物E-caderin表达降低,间质表型标志物N-caderin表达增高;过表达ROR1后呈现相反结果。 结论 LncRNA ROR1-AS1促进OS细胞侵袭依赖ROR1。

[关键词] 骨肉瘤;长链非编码RNA ROR1-AS1;ROR1;侵袭;上皮间质转化

[中图分类号] R738.1          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)08(a)-0025-04

[Abstract] To investigate the effect of lncRNA ROR1-AS1 on the invasion ability of osteosarcoma (OS). Methods RT-PCR detected the expression of lncRNA ROR1-AS1 and ROR1 in osteoblasts and OS cell lines; cell growth was observed after cell transfection, ROR1 was overexpressed, and cell invasion ability was detected by Transwell and scratch test. The expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transformation -related molecular markers (E-caderin, N-caderin, abcam) was detected by Western-blot. Results LncRNA ROR1-AS1 and ROR1 were highly expressed in OS cells compared with osteoblasts (P < 0.01). After lncRNA ROR1-AS1 was inhibited, mRNA expression of ROR1 in OS cells was down-regulated (P < 0.05). After OS cells knocked down lncRNA ROR1-AS1, Transwell and scratch experiments confirmed that the invasion ability of cells was weakened, while the invasion ability was restored after overexpression of ROR1 (P < 0.05). After lncRNA ROR1-AS1 inhibition, the expression of epithelial phenotypic marker E-caderin was decreased, while that of mesenchymal phenotypic marker N-caderin was increased. Overexpression of ROR1 presents the opposite effect. Conclusion LncRNA ROR1-AS1 promotes OS cell invasion dependent on ROR1.

[Key words] Osteosarcoma; lncRNA ROR1-AS1; ROR1; Invasive; Epithelial to mesenchymal transformation

骨肉瘤(osteosarcoma,OS)發病年龄轻,致死率高[1-2],易转移[3]。手术和化疗虽有一定效果,但死亡率和转移率仍然居高不下[4-5]。因此,阐明OS的侵袭机制,寻找生物标志物,至关重要。非编码RNA在肿瘤的发展中占据重要地位[6]。长链非编码RNAs(long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs)包含200个以上核苷酸,从表观遗传学、转录和转录后调控等层面参与生物体的调控过程[7-9],并通过多种机制影响基因和蛋白的表达[10-12]。本研究发现lncRNA ROR1-AS1在OS中过表达,并探讨其在OS细胞侵袭中的作用机制。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

人成骨细胞NHOst和人OS细胞株HOS、Saos-2、U20S和MG63(购自ATCC)。胎牛血清(TBD,中国)、DMEM培养基(Gibico,美国),无菌培养箱(Thermo,美国);lncRNA ROR1-AS1的si-RNA慢病毒、对照病毒、ROR1过表达质粒,定量引物(Genechem,中国);PCR引物[生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司,中国],SYRB Green染料(Invitrogen,美国,S7563)及逆转录试剂盒(TakaRa,日本,RR037A)。Transwell小室(Corning,美国),稀释基质胶(BD,美国),Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen,美国,11668027),PCR仪(ROCHE,瑞士);抗体ROR1,E-caderin,N-caderin,抗体(abcam,美国,ab135669、ab76 055、ab18203,1∶400)。

1.2 细胞培养

含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基(含青链霉素)培养细胞,克隆至70%~80%更换培养基;培养箱条件:37℃、50 mL/L CO2。

1.3 RT-PCR

检测各细胞株中lncRNA ROR1-AS1的表达。TRIzol法提总RNA,并检测纯度及浓度。依据TaKaRa公司说明书进行逆转录和PCR反应。反应体系20 μL: 2×SYBR Premix Ex Taq 10 μL;上、下游引物各0.4 μL;cDNA 5 μL;双蒸水4.2 μL。设定程序为两步法RT-PCR:预变性 95℃,1 min;之后每一步变性95℃,5 s;退火延伸 60℃,20 s;共进行40个循环。每次在延伸阶段读取吸光值。lncRNA ROR1-AS1的上游引物序列为5′-CTGACGAAACACTGGAACTC-3′,下游引物序列为5′-GTCTGATTTGGTAGCTTGGATG-3′;ROR1的上游引物序列为5′-CAGATGAGTATGAAGAAGATGG-3′,下游引物序列为5′-ATGGCGAAC-TGAGAACAC-3′;U6作为内参进行相对定量,U6的上游引物序列为5′-TTATGGGTCCTAGCCTGAC-3′,下游引物序列为5′-CACTATTGCGGGCTGC-3′。采用2-△△Ct法计算两者的相对表达量,重复3次。

1.4 细胞转染

依据基因转染操作手册,采用Lipofectamine 2000将过表达和沉默载体(si-lncRNA ROR1-AS1#1,si-lncRNA ROR1-AS1#2)转染进入细胞。经48 h转染后,观察细胞生长情况,收集细胞用于进一步研究。

1.5 Transwell

37℃无菌条件下,50 μg 细胞外基质(ECM)胶加入8 μm孔径的Transwell小室,放置6 h进行包被;ECM胶充分凝固后,于上室加入不含抗生素及血清的培养基,接种细胞2×105个/孔,下室加入含10%血清无抗生素的培养基;24 h后取出小室,无菌棉签擦拭去除上室内的细胞,1%结晶紫染液对小室多孔膜下表面的细胞染色,拍照,计数。染色的细胞穿膜越多,代表侵袭能力越强。

1.6 划痕试验

细胞接种于6孔板,垂直于孔板采用100 μL枪头制作细胞划痕,确保各个划痕宽度基本一致。去除培养液,PBS冲洗孔板,去除细胞碎片。加入不含血清培养基,拍照记录。培养板置入培养箱24 h后,再分别拍照记录,计算划痕距离百分比。

1.7 Western-blot

提取细胞总蛋白,制备8%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶,每孔20 μg上样;80 V积层胶,120 V分离胶进行电泳,100 V转膜90 min,5% BSA封闭PVDF膜1 h,加一抗,4℃振荡过夜。TBST洗涤后滴加二抗,37℃孵育1 h,显影成像。特异性条带净灰度值由Image J软件获取。

1.8 统计学方法

采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件进行统计分析,计量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验,计数资料采用百分率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 lncRNA ROR1-AS1和ROR1在人正常成骨细胞和人OS细胞株中的表达情况

2.2 抑制lncRNA ROR1-AS1表达后lncRNA ROR1-AS1和ROR1表达变化

HOS和MG63中转染lncRNA ROR1-AS1的siRNA后,lncRNA ROR1-AS1表达量明显降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);同时,ROR1的表达量也随之下降(P  < 0.05或P < 0.01)。si-lncRNA ROR1-AS1#1具有更好的沉默效能,用于后续实验。见图2。

2.3 lncRNA ROR1-AS1、ROR1對OS细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

2.4 lncRNA ROR1-AS1经由ROR1介导OS细胞上皮间质转化

检测lncRNA ROR1-AS1对上皮间质转化(EMT)的影响,抑制lncRNA ROR1-AS1表达,间质表型标志物N-cadherin表达下降,而上皮表型标志物E-cadherin表达上调;过表达ROR1后,N-cadherin表达上升,而E-cadherin表达下降。见图5。说明lncRNA ROR1-AS1经由ROR1参与OS的EMT。

3 讨论

肿瘤侵袭是造成患者死亡的主要原因[13]。而EMT是肿瘤侵袭中的重要环节,上皮细胞标志物表达下降,间质细胞标志物表达升高,便于肿瘤细胞从原发灶脱离,出现侵袭转移[14]。ROR1的功能在神经系统、循环系统和呼吸系统的中首先发现[15]。ROR1在OS等肿瘤中过表达,同肿瘤病理过程相关[16]。ROR1可以促进EMT和诱导增殖、迁移[17]。Dai等[18]指出ROR1通过非经典wnt信号通路参与OS的侵袭。

LncRNA ROR1-AS1位于人基因组1p31.3,是ROR1基因转录的反义lncRNA。Hu等[19]首次对其功能进行报道:可与EZH2/PRC2结合参与基因转录调控[19]。lncRNA可通过顺式作用调节临近的基因的转录[20],所以我们推测lncRNA ROR1-AS1可通过调控ROR1参与OS的侵袭。

本研究显示,lncRNA ROR1-AS1在OS中过表达,抑制lncRNA ROR1-AS1表达,ROR1表达量随之下降,OS细胞的侵袭能力下降,EMT的上皮表型标志物表达增高,而间质表型标志物表达降低;在此基础上过表达ROR1,OS细胞的侵袭能力恢复,EMT上皮表型标志物表达下降,间质表型标志物表达升高;提示lncRNA ROR1-AS1对OS细胞的侵袭作用的调控是依赖ROR1的。但其具体分子结合位点及转录调控机制,仍需在后续研究中进一步探讨。

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(收稿日期:2020-02-12)

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