蒙古国摇蚊分类学的研究进展及名录

陈 姗， 王丽卿， 张瑞雷

(1. 上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室; 2. 上海海洋大学 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心; 3. 上海海洋大学 农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心， 上海 201306)

蒙古国摇蚊分类学的研究进展及名录

陈 姗， 王丽卿， 张瑞雷

(1. 上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室; 2. 上海海洋大学 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心; 3. 上海海洋大学 农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心， 上海 201306)

摇蚊科(Chironomidae)是一种遍布世界各大动物地理分布区的双翅目昆虫。摇蚊的研究不但与当今全球蓬勃发展的水环境保护和水产养殖科研及生产实践密切相关，同时一些种类可携带病原体引起鼻炎、哮喘等过敏反应。蒙古国位于古北区东部，其摇蚊分类研究基础较差且无系统的分类学研究。蒙古国摇蚊科经历了近40年的研究与发展，据已有资料统计，蒙古国目前已记载摇蚊269种，隶属于6个亚科。介绍了蒙古国摇蚊的研究历史和现状，提供了蒙古国摇蚊最新名录，为今后的摇蚊分类学研究提供资料。

蒙古国；摇蚊；分类学；名录

AbstractChironomidae is a kind of diptera insects, which exists in each big animal′s geographical area. The research of Chironomidae is not only associated with the global development of water environmental protection, but also related to the scientific research and production practice of aquaculture. At the same time, some species can carry pathogens that cause allergic reactions such as rhinitis and asthma. Mongolia is located in the east part of the Palaearctic Region, its classification research foundation is poor and no taxonomic study of the animal. After nearly 40 years of research and development and according to complete statistic, Mongolian Chironomidae has recorded 269 species, belonging to 6 subfamilies. This paper made a review on the history and recent progress in the study of Mongolian chironomidae and provided the latest list in order to provide data for taxonomic research.

KeywordsMongolia; Chironomidae; taxonomy; directory

摇蚊科(Chironomidae)隶属于双翅目(Diptera)，通常被称为“不咬人的蠓虫”(non-biting midge)，遍布于世界各大动物地理区。在淡水中，摇蚊科分为11个亚科，22个族，339个属以及4147个种[1]。它们的分布十分广泛，可从热带地区到极地地区，从海拔30 m以下的沿海栖息地到海拔5000 m高的雪地或冰川。大多数摇蚊的幼虫生活在淡水中，也有少许种类生活在陆地、海洋和半咸水中[2]。水生种类常存在于流动的水体(如河道、溪流、瀑布等)、静水(如湖泊、池塘、临时的水体等)或海洋栖境中(半咸水、沿岸带海滨区)；陆生种类存在于土壤或其他栖境包括落叶林地、草地、耕地土壤、真菌、腐烂的木材和牛粪等。

摇蚊起源于2.5亿年前，存在历史悠久，生物多样性极其丰富[3]。摇蚊幼虫处于水生食物链的底层[4]，在淡水生态系统中数量超过50%[1]，在不同水生栖境中几乎都能发现摇蚊幼虫[5]。在摇蚊成虫产卵时期，它又可作为食浮游动物鱼类的捕食对象。摇蚊现已成为监测水体环境和污染状况的优良指示生物，被广泛应用于水环境保护研究中；又是鱼类的天然饵料，被广泛应用于水产养殖科研与生产实践中。同时一些种类可携带病原体引起鼻炎、哮喘等过敏反应[6-8]，严重危害人类健康。有些摇蚊还危害水稻等栽培作物成为农业害虫[9]。目前，构建水域生态系统保护计划刻不容缓，其中生物多样性和群落结构是两大重要因素。摇蚊群落中常有独特和稀有的物种，但是，关于保护淡水大型无脊椎动物的研究报道极少于其他动物，如哺乳动物和鸟[10]。因此，在水域生态系统的保护计划中对摇蚊群落的研究必不可少[11]。

蒙古国(Mongolia)位于8大世界动物地理分布区之一的古北区(Palearctic)的东部。古北区包括欧洲、北回归线以北的非洲与阿拉伯半岛中、北部以及喜马拉雅山与秦岭山脉以北的亚洲大陆，是8个动物区系中最大的一个。蒙古国西部、北部、中部多为山地，东部为丘陵平原，南部为戈壁沙滩，地形地貌丰富；属于温带草原性气候，季节变化明显。目前，英国已记录摇蚊约500种，日本已记录1200余种，俄罗斯远东地区已记录摇蚊600种，中国已记录摇蚊约800种。与相邻国家相比，蒙古国的摇蚊分类研究基础较差，未有人做过系统的研究。因此，对蒙古国摇蚊科昆虫进行系统的分类学研究意义重大。本文介绍了蒙古国摇蚊的研究历史和现状，提供了蒙古国摇蚊的最新名录，为今后的摇蚊分类学研究提供资料。

1 蒙古国摇蚊研究的历史和现状

1.1 蒙古国摇蚊研究的历史

蒙古国是位于亚洲中部的一个国家，有丰富的淡水资源。据估计，每年可利用的水资源为34.6 km3，其中28.4 km3为地表水资源，6.2 km3为地下水资源。地表水包括5500条河流，9600条泉水以及4200个湖泊[12]。蒙古国水生昆虫调查组织(Mongolian Aquatic Insect Survey, MAIS)自2003年至2006年研究色楞格流域(Selenge River Basin)并收集水生大型无脊椎动物的生物多样性，其中就包括摇蚊[11]。

1978年仅发现蒙古国摇蚊26种，其中20种摇蚊属于摇蚊亚科。蒙古国摇蚊科经历了近40年的研究与发展，据已有资料统计，蒙古国目前已记载摇蚊269种[3, 9, 11, 13-23]，隶属于6个亚科：寡脉摇蚊亚科(Podonominae)、长足摇蚊亚科(Tanypodinae)、寡角摇蚊亚科(Diamesinae)、原寡角摇蚊亚科(Prodiamesinae)、直突摇蚊亚科(Orthocladiinae)、摇蚊亚科(Chironominae)，见图1。

图1 蒙古国摇蚊种类示意图

Reiss主要从事长跗摇蚊族(Tanytarsini)系统学以及生物地理学研究，主要工作：欧洲长跗摇蚊属系统和生态学研究，摇蚊科动物地理分布，摇蚊科文献汇编等。其中，1971年描述和列举了蒙古国收集到的摇蚊种类。

Wiederholm主编的《全北区摇蚊》系列著作[幼虫，蛹，雄成虫]是开始开展国际合作工作的标志。此系列著作[雄成虫]规范了8大亚科的属一级特征，并列举了属级及部分亚属级分类检索表,蒙古国物种被列入其中[14]。

Kozhova等研究库苏古尔湖已有20年，曾研究过此湖0～90 m不同水层各种群落生境中摇蚊的生物量，发现2～5 m水层基质中摇蚊生物量最大[15]。Erbaeva和Safronov在1992年研究了库苏古尔湖底栖无脊椎动物群，与其他19种底栖动物类群相比，发现摇蚊种类数最多，高达99种[17]。

Sasa发表论文40余篇，主要从事日本地区摇蚊系统学研究,主要出版物包括《日本摇蚊目录和雄成虫检索表》。《蒙古国摇蚊的研究》[9]列举和描述了蒙古国中部和西南部的许多种类和新种：分别于1995年8月和1996年8月在乌兰巴托(Ulaanbaatur)和博格多(Bogd)收集345个雄虫，隶属于23个属42个种，其中29种为新种。首次为解决蒙古国医学和环境科学领域相关问题提供了极大的借鉴作用。

Hayford研究蒙古国摇蚊10余年，已发表蒙古国摇蚊研究论文5篇，是近代研究蒙古国摇蚊较为资深的一位昆虫学者，特别是对库苏古尔湖的研究。Hayford[16]在库苏古尔湖发现14个新记录种，使得蒙古国摇蚊种数增加至166种，其中118种在本湖区域有分布。Hayford and Ferrington[18]出版了《库苏古尔湖摇蚊分布》的著作；Hayford等[19]比较了7个河湾与4条溪流的摇蚊群落结构，发现了12种蒙古国新记录种和1种库苏古尔湖新记录种。Hayford[11]发表了“蒙古国勒吉(Gorkhi Terelj)国家公园摇蚊的高γ与低β生物多样性”的论文，发现26个新记录种，蒙古国摇蚊种数增加至264种。

Shcherbina对蒙古国8大湖泊的大型底栖动物结构进行了归纳后得出，摇蚊生物量占大型底栖动物总量的范围为90%～98%，占大型底栖动物丰富度的范围为29%～95%[20]。《研究部分蒙古国水体中摇蚊动物类群》[21]一文记述摇蚊5亚科，39个属，97个种，其中86个种第一次被记录，完善了蒙古国摇蚊的分类体系。

Ferrington主要从事对摇蚊蛹皮的研究，在1987—2008年相继发表了《通过收集和鉴定表面漂浮的摇蚊蛹皮对水体表面水质进行研究》《北美泉水中摇蚊动物群属的构成》《淡水摇蚊的全球多样性》等。《蒙古国湖泊中摇蚊蛹皮的鉴定检索表》[22]研究了收集于蒙古国西部10个不同盐度和营养等级的湖泊的摇蚊蛹皮，共鉴定出58个类群，隶属于27个属。

Ashe影响较大的著作有《世界摇蚊科属及亚属目录》[24]，对1800—1983年摇蚊科所有的属和亚属进行了修订和整理；与Murray、Reiss合作出版《摇蚊科动物地理分布》[25]，记录了自1800—1986年世界上摇蚊科有效种大约3700个，隶属于10亚科24族307属56亚属(其中包括23个化石属)；与Cranston合作出版《古北区的目录》[26]。著作《世界摇蚊的目录》[3, 23]共4部分，已出版2卷：卷1出版始于2009年，综合整理1758—2009年9大亚科的世界摇蚊种类；卷2出版于2012年，综合整理1758—2012年直突摇蚊亚科的世界摇蚊种类，其中详细记录有蒙古国摇蚊种。

1.2 蒙古国摇蚊研究现状

尽管过去国际昆虫学家对蒙古国摇蚊有一定的研究，但蒙古国摇蚊科分类学研究存在许多与世界摇蚊同样的问题。首先在摇蚊的地域研究程度上，亚洲地区除日本研究较好外，其余地区仅有较少的记录，甚至于仍有不少从未做过系统学研究的空白地区。蒙古国基本上属此类地区，尚有大量种类有待发现和记录。由于这种不同动物地理分布区研究不平衡，严重影响到对此类昆虫的系统演化、动物地理格局、区划等研究的深化。其次，对于摇蚊本身来说，摇蚊属完全变态昆虫类，幼虫与成虫的形态完全不同，幼虫往往生活在水中，成虫一般生活在陆地[22, 27]。长期以来在世界摇蚊系统分类学上，由于水生的幼虫期占据生活史中的大部分时间，且幼虫期在生态学、环境科学方面具有重要意义，发展成了以Thienemann和Lenz为代表的直接用幼虫定种的分类体系。又由于成虫期在结构、性状方面远较幼虫期分化明显而独特，在确定种类上更为可靠、准确，同期也出现以Edwards和Goetghebuer为代表的仅以成虫定种的分类体系。两种分类体系的应用造成该科同物异名过多，且名称使用上也混乱不清。第三，世界摇蚊种类大多属于Orthocladiinae和Chironominae这两个最大的亚科。但是关于这两个亚科内种阶甚至属阶的系统发育树关系不清，单种属过多，属征界限不清；未命名新种过多，系统学统计任务加重。目前研究蒙古国摇蚊分类学内容的学者极少，更多的是探究蒙古国湖泊、溪流等静水和流水水体摇蚊的种类和数量，因此，此领域的研究发展速度较为缓慢，存在许多问题尚待解决。

1.3 蒙古国摇蚊名录

PODONOMINAE

Boreochlini

Paraboreochlus

Paraboreochlusminutissimus(Strobl, 1894)

Trichotanypus

Trichotanypusposticalis(Lundbeck, 1898)

TANYPODINAE

Macropelopiini

Macropelopia

Macropelopianebulosa(Meigen, 1804)

Derotanypus

DerotanypussibiricusKruglova et Chernovskij, 1940

Psectrotanypus

Psectrotanypusvarius(Fabricius, 1787)

Pentaneurini

Ablabesmyia

Ablabesmyia(Karelia)cinctipes(Johannsen, 1946)

Ablabesmyia(Ablabesmyia)longistylaFittkau, 1962

Ablabesmyia(Ablabesmyia)monilis(Linnaeus, 1758)

Ablabesmyia(Ablabesmyia)phatta(Egger, 1863)

Conchapelopia

ConchapelopiaaagardiMurray,1987

Larsia

Larsiacurticalcar(Kieffer, 1918)

Thienemannimyia

Thienemannimyiafusciceps(Edwards, 1929)

Thienemannimyialentiginosa(Fries, 1823)

Procladini

Procladius

Procladius(Holotanypus)choreus(Meigen, 1804)

Procladius(Holotanypus)crassinervis(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Procladius(Holotanypus)culiciformis(Linnaeus, 1767)

Procladius(Holotanypus)ferrugineus(Kieffer, 1918)

Procladius(Psilotanypus)imicolaKieffer, 1922

Procladius(Psilotanypus)rufovittatus(Van der Wulp, 1874)

Tanypodini

Tanypus

Tanypus(Tanypus)punctipennisMeigen, 1818

DIAMESINAE

Protanypini

Protanypus

Protanypusmorio(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Diamesini

Diamesa

DiamesainsignipesKieffer, 1908

DiamesakaszabiSerra-Tosio, 1983

DiamesaleonaRoback, 1957

DiamesaparancystaSerra-Tosio, 1983

DiamesaveletensisSerra-Tosio, 1971

Lappodiamesa

Lappodiamesavidua(Kieffer, 1922)

Potthastia

Potthastiagaedii(Meigen, 1838)

Potthastialongimana(Kieffer, 1922)

Pseudodiamesa

Pseudodiamesa(Pseudodiamesa)branickii(Nowicki, 1873)

Pseudodiamesa(Pseudodiamesa)mongolzeceaSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Pseudodiamesa(Pseudodiamesa)nivosa(Goetghebuer, 1928)

Pseudodiamesa(Pseudodiamesa)venustaMakarchenko, 1984

Sympotthastia

SympotthastiaspiniferaSerro-Tosio, 1968

PRODIAMESINAE

Monodiamesa

Monodiamesaalpicola(Brundin 1952)

Monodiamesabathyphila(Kieffer, 1918)

Monodiamesaekmani(Brundin, 1949)

Prodiamesa

Prodiamesaolivacea(Meigen, 1818)

ORTHOCLADIINAE

Abiskomyia

AbiskomyiaparavirgoGoetghebuer, 1940

Acricotopus

Acricotopuslucens(Zetterstedt, 1850)

Brillia

Brilliabifida(Kieffer, 1909)

BrillialongifurcaKieffer, 1921

Bryophaenocladius

Bryophaenocladiusmongolxeyeus(Sasa and Suzuki, 1997)

Bryophaenocladiusnidorum(Edwards, 1929)

Chaetocladius

Chaetocladius(Chaetocladius)melaleucus(Meigen, 1818)

Chaetocladius(Chaetocladius)mongolveweusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Chaetocladius(Chaetocladius)piger(Goetghebuer, 1913)

Corynoneura

CorynoneuraceleripesWinnertz, 1852

CorynoneurascutellataWinnertz, 1846

Cricotopus

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)algarum(Kieffer, 1911)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)annulatorGoetghebuer, 1927

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)bicincus(Meigen, 1818)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)coronataHirvenoja, 1973

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)curtusHirvenoja, 1973

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)cylindraceus(Kieffer, 1908)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)festivellus(Kieffer, 1906)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)fuscus(Kieffer, 1909)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)mongolpequeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)mongolquereusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)tibialis(Meigen, 1804)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)tremulus(Linnaeus, 1758)

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)triannulatusMacquart, 1826

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)trifasciaEdwards, 1929

Cricotopus(Cricotopus)tristisHirvenoja, 1973

Cricotopus(Isocladius)intersectus(Staeger, 1839)

Cricotopus(Isocladius)laetus(Hirvenoja, 1973)

Cricotopus(Isocladius)laricomalisEdwards, 1932

Cricotopus(Isocladius)mongolreseusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Cricotopus(Isocladius)obtususHirvenoja, 1973

Cricotopus(Isocladius)shilovaeZelentzov,1989

Cricotopus(Isocladius)sylvestris(Fabricius, 1794)

Cricotopus(Isocladius)trifasciatus(Meigen, 1810)

Diplocladius

DiplocladiuscultrigerKieffer, 1908

Eukiefferiella

Eukiefferiellabrevicalcar(Kieffer, 1911)

Eukiefferiellaclaripennis(Lundbeck, 1898)

Eukiefferiellagracei(Edwards, 1929)

EukiefferiellamongolteuaSasa and Suzuki, 1997

EukiefferiellamongoluveusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

EukiefferiellasimilisGoetghebuer, 1939

Euryhapsis

EuryhapsisciliumOliver, 1981

Heterotrissocladius

Heterotrissocladiusmarcidus(Walker, 1856)

Heterotrissocladiussubpilosus(Kieffer, 1911)

Hydrobaenus

Hydrobaenusconformis(Holmgren, 1869)

Hydrobaenusdistylus(Potthast, 1914)

Hydrosmittia

Hydrosmittiaoxoniana(Edwards, 1922)

Hydrosmittiaruttneri(Strenzke and Thienemann, 1942)

Hydrosmittiavirgo(Strenzke, 1950)

Krenosmittia

Krenosmittiaboreoalpina(Goetghebuer, 1944)

Krenosmittiacamptophleps(Edwards, 1929)

Lapposmittia

LapposmittiaparvibarbaEdwards, 1939

Limnophyes

Limnophyesminimus(Meigen, 1818)

Limnophyespentaplastus(Kieffer, 1921)

Metriocnemus

Metriocnemus(Metriocnemus)fuscipes(Meigen, 1818)

Metriocnemus(Metriocnemus)oiraquintusSasa, 1991

Nanocladius

Nanocladius(Nanocladius)dichromus(Kieffer, 1906)

Nanocladius(Nanocladius)rectinervis(Kieffer, 1911)

Orthocladius

Orthocladius(Eudactylocladius)olivaceus(Kieffer, 1911)

Orthocladius(Euorthocladius)abiskoensisThienemann et Krüger, 1937

Orthocladius(Euorthocladius)rivicolaKieffer, 1921

Orthocladius(Mesorthocladius)frigidusZetterstedt, 1838

Orthocladius(Mesorthocladius)roussellaeSoponis, 1990

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)clarkeiSoponis, 1977

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)dentiferBrundin, 1947

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)dorenus(Roback,1957)

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)lapponicusGoetghebuer, 1940

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)maiusGoetghebuer, 1942

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)oblidens(Walker, 1856)

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)rubicundus(Meigen, 1818)

Orthocladius(Orthocladius)ulaanbaatusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Orthocladius(Pogonocladius)consobrinus(Holmgren, 1869)

Orthocladius(Symposiocladius)holsatusGoetghebuer, 1937

Paracladius

Paracladiusalpicola(Zetterstedt, 1850)

Paracladiusconversus(Walker, 1856)

Parakiefferiella

Parakiefferiellabathophila(Kieffer, 1912)

Parakiefferiellagracillima(Kieffer, 1924)

Parakiefferiellasmolandica(Brundin, 1947)

Parakieferiellatriquetra(Pankratova, 1970)

Parametriocnemus

ParametriocnemusboreoalpinusGouin, 1942

Paratrichocladius

ParatrichocladiusmongolseteusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Paratrichocladiusrufiventris(Meigen, 1830)

Platysmittia

PlatysmittiabilyjiSather, 1985

Propsilocerus

Propsilocerusparadoxus(Lundstrom,1915)

Psectrocladius

Psectrocladius(Allopsectrocladius)obvius(Walker, 1856)

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)barbimanus(Edwards, 1929)

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)bisetusGoetghebuer, 1942

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)litofilusAkhrorov, 1977

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)octomaeulatusWülker, 1956

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)psilopterus(Kieffer, 1906)

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)schlienziWülker, 1956

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)simulans(Johannsen, 1937)

Psectrocladius(Psectrocladius)sordidellus(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Pseudorthocladius

Pseudorthocladius(Pseudorthocladius)mongolyezeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Pseudorthocladius(Pseudorthocladius)mongolzebeaSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Pseudosmittia

PseudosmittiaforcipataGoetghebuer, 1921

Pseudosmittiagracilis(Goetghebuer, 1913)

Pseudosmittiatrilobata(Edwards, 1929)

Rheocricotopus

Rheocricotopus(Psilocricotopus)chalybeatus(Edwards, 1929)

Rheosmittia

Rheosmittiaspinicornis(Brundin, 1956)

Smittia

Smittiaaterrima(Meigen, 1818)

Smittialeucopogon(Meigen, 1804)

Smittianudipennis(Goetghebuer, 1913)

SmittiapratorumGoetghebuer, 1927

Smittiaterrestris(Thienemann and Strenzke, 1941)

Synorthocladius

SynorthocladiusmongolwexeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Thienemaniella

Thienemaniellaclavicornis(Kieffer, 1911)

Tokunagaia

TokunagaiaparexcellensTuiskunen, 1986

Tokunagaiarectangularis(Goetghebuer, 1940)

Trissocladius

TrissocladiusbrevipalpisKieffer, 1908

Tvetenia

Tveteniacalvescens(Edwards, 1929)

Tveteniaverralli(Edwards, 1929)

Vivacricotopus

VivacricotopusablusesSchnell and Sather, 1988

CHIRONOMINAE

Chironomini

Chironomus

Chironomus(Camptochironomus)mongolabeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Chironomus(Camptochironomus)mongolabeceusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Chironomus(Camptochironomus)pallidivittatus(Malloch, 1915)

Chironomus(Chironomus)annularius(De Geer, 1776)

Chironomus(Chironomus)anthracinusZetterstedt, 1860

Chironomus(Chironomus)cingulatusMeigen, 1830

Chironomus(Chironomus)obtusidensGoetghebuer, 1921

Chironomus(Chironomus)palidusLinevitsh et Erbaeva, 1971

Chironomus(Chironomus)plumosis(Linnaeus, 1758)

Chironomus(Chironomus)salinariusKieffer, 1915

Chironomus(Chironomus)tentans(Fabricius, 1805)

ChironomusmongolcedeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

ChironomusmongoldeeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

ChironomusmongolefeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

ChironomusmongolfegeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

ChironomusmongolheiusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Cladopelma

CladopelmaarmeniacusTshernovskij, 1949

Cladopelmaviridula(Linnaeus, 1767)

Cryptochironomus

Cryptochironomusalbofasciatus(Staeger, 1839)

Cryptochironomusdefectus(Kieffer, 1913)

Cryptochironomusdentriculatus(Goetghebuer, 1921)

Cryptochironomusobreptans(Walker, 1856)

Cryptochironomuspsittacinus(Meigen, 1830)

Cryptochironomusredekei(Kruseman, 1933)

CryptochironomusrostratusKieffer, 1921

Cryptotendipes

Cryptotendipesdarbyi(Sublette, 1960)

CryptotendipesmongolijeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Cyphomella

CyphomellacorneaSaether, 1977

Demicryptochironomus

Demicryptochironomusvulneratus(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Demiijerea

Demiijerearufipes(Linnaeus, 1761)

Dicrotendipes

Dicrotendipeslobiger(Kieffer, 1921)

Dicrotendipeslobus(Beck, 1964)

Dicrotendipesmodestus(Say, 1823)

Dicrotendipesnervosus(Staeger, 1893)

Dicrotendipesseptimacullipennis(Goetghebuer, 1936)

Dicrotendipestritomus(Kieffer 1916)

Einfeldia

Einfeldiacarbonaria(Meigen, 1804)

Einfeldiapagana(Meigen, 1838)

Endochironomus

Endochironomusalbipennis(Meigen, 1830)

Endochironomustendens(Fabricius, 1775)

Glyptotendipes

Glyptotendipesbarbipes(Staeger, 1839)

Glyptotendipesgripekoveni(Kieffer, 1913)

Glyptotendipesimbecillis(Walker, 1856)

Glyptotendipesmancunianus(Edwards, 1929)

Glyptotendipespallens(Meigen, 1804)

Glyptotendipesparipes(Edwards, 1929)

Microchironomus

Microchironomusderibae(Freeman, 1957)

Microchironomustener(Kieffer, 1918)

Microtendipes

Microtendipespedellus(De Geer, 1776)

Mongolchironomus

MongolchironomusmongoljekeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

MongolchironomusmongolkeleusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Parachironomus

Parachironomusarcuatus(Goetghebuer, 1919)

ParachironomusdanicusLehmann, 1970

Parachironomusfrequens(Johannsen, 1905)

Parachironomusparilis(Walker, 1856)

Paracladopelma

Paracladopelmacamptolabis(Kieffer, 1913)

Paracladopelmalaminata(Kieffer, 1921)

Paracladopelmanigritula(Goetghebuer, 1942)

Paracladopelmaundine(Townes 1945)

Paralauterborniella

Paralauterborniellanigrohalteralis(Malloch，1915)

Paratendipes

Paratendipesalbimanus(Meigen, 1818)

Polypedilum

Polypedilum(Pentapedilum)exsectum(Kieffer, 1916)

Polypedilum(Polypedilum)acutumKieffer, 1915

Polypedilum(Polypedilum)laetum(Meigen, 1818)

Polypedilum(Polypedilum)nubeculosum(Meigen, 1804)

Polypedilum(Polypedilum)pedestre(Meigen, 1830)

Polypedilum(Tripodura)bicrenatumKieffer, 1921

Polypedilum(Tripodura)griseopunctatum(Malloch, 1815)

Polypedilum(Tripodura)pullum(Zetterstedt, 1838)

Polypedilum(Tripodura)quadriguttatumKieffer, 1921

Polypedilum(Tripodura)scalaenum(Schrank, 1803)

Polypedilum(Uresipedilum)convictum(Walker, 1856)

Polypedilum(Uresipedilum)cultellatumGoetghebuer, 1931

PolypedilummongollemeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

Robackia

RobackiaclavigerTownes, 1945

Saetheria

SaetheriareissiJackson, 1977

Sergentia

Sergentia(Baicalsergentia)intermediaLinevich, 1958

Sergentia(Sergentia)longiventrisKieffer, 1924

Stictochironomus

Stictochironomuscrassiforceps(Kieffer, 1922)

Stictochironomuspictulus(Meigen, 1830)

Stictochironomussticticus(Fabricius, 1781)

Stictochironomusvarius(Townes, 1945)

Tanytarsini

Cladotanytarsus

CladotanytarsusatridorsumKieffer, 1924

CladotanytarsuspallidusKieffer, 1922

Cladotanytarsusmancus(Walker, 1856)

Cladotanytarsusnigrovittatus(Goetghebuer, 1928)

Cladotanytarsusvanderwulpi(Edwards, 1929)

Constempellina

Constempellinabrevicosta(Edwards, 1937)

Corynocera

CorynoceraambiguaZetterstedt, 1838

Micropsectra

Micropsectraapposita(Walker, 1856)

Micropsectrabidentata(Goetghebuer)

Micropsectrajunci(Meigen, 1818)

MicropsectramongolmeneusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

MicropsectraradialisGoetghebuer, 1939

Neozavrelia

NeozavreliamongolensisReiss, 1971

Paratanytarsus

Paratanytarsusbituberculatus(Edwards, 1929)

ParatanytarsusconfususPalmén, 1960

ParatanytarsusdimorphisReiss, 1965

Paratanytarsusinopertus(Walker, 1856)

ParatanytarsuskaszabiReiss, 1971

Paratanytarsuslauterborni(Kieffer, 1909)

Paratanytarsuspenicillatus(Goetghebuer, 1928)

Paratanytarsussetosimanus(Goetghebuer, 1933)

Paratanytarsustenuis(Meigen, 1830)

Rheotanytarsus

RheotanytarsusexiguusJohannsen, 1905

RheotanytarsusmuscicolaThienemann, 1929

Stempellinella

Stempellinellaminor(Edwards, 1929)

Tanytarsus

Tanytarsusbathyphilus(Kieffer, 1911)

TanytarsuscurticornisKieffer, 1911

TanytarsusglabrescensEdwards, 1929

Tanytarsusgracilentus(Holmgren, 1883)

Tanytarsusgregarius(Kieffer, 1909)

TanytarsusmendaxKieffer, 1925

Tanytarsuspallidicornis(Walker, 1856)

TanytarsuspseudolestageiShilova, 1976

TanytarsusmongolneousSasa and Suzuki, 1997

TanytarsusmongolopeusSasa and Suzuki, 1997

TanytarsusvolgensisMiseiko, 1967

[1]FERRINGTON L C. Global diversity of non-biting midges (Chironomidae; Insecta-Diptera) in freshwater[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2008, 595:447-455.

[2]PINDER L C V. Biology of freshwater chironomidae[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1986, 31:1-23.

[3]ASHE P, O′CONNOR J P. A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera) Part 1. Buchonomyiinae, Chilenomyiinae, Podonominae, Aphroteniinae, Tanypodinae, Usambaromyiinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae and Telmatogetoninae [M]. Dublin: Irish Biogeographical Society & National Museum of Ireland, 2009:1-445.

[4]POWER M E, DIETRICH W E. Food webs in river networks[J]. Ecological Research, 2002, 17(4): 451-471.

[5]PINDER L C V. The habitats of chironomid larvae. [C]. Springer Netherlands, 1995:107-135.

[6]KAY A B, GAD E R M O, STEWART J, et al. Widespread IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in Northern Sudan to the chironomid Cladotanytarsus lewisi (‘green nimitti’)[J]. Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 1978, 34(1):106-110.

[7]CRANSTON P S, RAB M O G E, KAY A B. Chironomid midges as a cause of allergy in the Sudan[J]. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 1981, 75(1): 1-4.

[8]周 承, 温廷桓. 太湖德永摇蚊过敏的调查[J]. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报, 1994, 1(2):42-47.

[9]SASA M, SUZUKI H. Studies on the Chironomidae (Diptera, Insecta) collected in Mongolia[J]. Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, 1997, 25(4): 149-189.

[10]STRAYER D L. Challenges for freshwater invertebrate conservation[J]. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 2006, 25(2): 271-287.

[11]HAYFORD B L. High gamma diversity and low beta diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera:Chironomidae) in streams of the Gorkhi Terelj National Park, Outer Mongolia[J]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2010, 159: 169-184.

[12]National Statistical Office of Mongolia. Mongolian Statistical Yearbook 2004[M]. Ulaanbaatar: NSO, 2005: 1-447.

[13]REISS F. Ein Beitrang zur ostpalaearktischenChironomidenfauna(Diptera) am Beispieleiniger Tanytarsini-Arten aus der Mongolei und Ostsibirien[J]. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 1971, 92: 198-212.

[14]WIEDERHOLM T. Chironomidae of the holarctic region[M]. Motala: Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 1989, 34: 1-532.

[15]KOSHOVA O M, IZMEST′EVA L R, ERBAEVA E A. A review of the hydrobiology of Lake Khubsugul (Mongolia)[J]. Hydrobiologia, 1994, 291(1): 11-19.

[16]HAYFORD B. New records of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Mongolia with review of distribution and biogeography of Mongolian Chironomidae[J]. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 2005, 78(2): 192-200.

[17]ERBAEVA E A, SAFRONOV G P. Distribution of zoobenthos in Hovsgol Nuur. //GOULDEN C E, SITNIKOVA T, GELHAUS J, and BOLDGIV B, editors. The Geology, Biodiversity and Ecology of Hovsgol Nuur (Mongolia)[C]. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 2006:403-432.

[18]HAYFORD B L, FERRINGTON L C. Distribution of Chironomidae in Hovsgol Nuur, Mongolia. //GOULDEN C E, SITNIKOVA T, GELHAUS J, and BOLDGIV B, editors. The Geology, Biodiversity and Ecology of Hovsgol Nuur (Mongolia)[C]. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 2006:433-452.

[19]HAYFORD B, BACHMANN J, GOTOV M. A comparison between communities of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from lake bays and affluent streams of the Lake Hovsgol watershed, Mongolia[J]. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2006, 155: 13-23.

[20]AYUUSHSUREN C, SHCHERBINA G K. Species composition and structure of macrozoobenthos in Lake Ulaagchny Khar (Mongolia)[J]. Inland Water Biology, 2015, 8(4):366-372.

[21]Shcherbina G K， Zelentsov N I. Chironomids fauna (Diptera, Chironomidae) in some waterbodies and watercourses of Mongolia[J]. Inland Water Biology, 2008, 1: 19-24.

[22]BOUCHARD W, FERRINGTON L C. Identification guide and key to chironomid Pupal Exuviae from Mongolian Lakes[J]. Available at http://www.entomology.umn.edu/midge/KeyToMongolia LakeSFPEv1. Pdf, 2008.

[23]ASHE P, O’ CONNOR J P. A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera) Part 2. Orthocladiinae[M]. Dublin: Irish Biogeographical Society & National Museum of Ireland, 2012:xvi+968.

[24]ASHE P. A catalogue of Chironomid genera and subgenera of the world including synonyms (Diptera: Chironomidae)[J]. Entomologica Scandinavica, 1983, 17:1-68.

[25]ASHE P, MURRAY D A, REISS F. The zoogeographical distribution of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera)[J]. Annales of Limnology, 1987, 23(1): 27-60.

[26]ASHE P, CRANSTON P. Family Chironomidae. //SOOS A and PAPP L, editors. Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera[M]. Amsterdam: Akademiai Kiado, Budapest and Elsevier Science Publishers, 1990:113-355.

[27]OLIVER D R. Life history of the Chironomidae[J]. Annual Review of Entomology, 1971, 16: 211-230.

Progress on taxonomic research and directory of Chironomidae in Mongolia

CHEN Shan, WANG Li-qing, ZHANG Rui-lei

(1. Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; 2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; 3. Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrion (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)

Q969.44+2.6; Q959

A

2095-1736(2017)05-0098-07

2016-10-10；

2016-10-24

国家自然科学基金项目(31201739)

陈 姗，硕士研究生，研究方向为水域生态学，E-mail: 415736565@qq.com

张瑞雷，副教授，研究方向为水域生态学及水生无脊椎动物分类，E-mail: rlzhang@shou.edu.cn

doi∶10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2017.05.098