荷兰蒂尔水广场

2017-09-04DeUrbanisten景观公司

风景园林 2017年6期

De Urbanisten景观公司

荷兰蒂尔水广场

De Urbanisten景观公司

2016年夏天，一个全新的水广场于荷兰蒂尔市开放，该项目由荷兰城市设计总部办公室和De Urbanisten景观公司共同设计。这个广场是整个Vogelbuurt街区复兴的主要项目。

蒂尔市需要面临许多与水相关的挑战，如洪水危机、较高的地下水位以及蓄水需求等。在Vogelbuurt街区，建成环境及公共空间的改造提升与这些水问题的解决巧妙地结合。De Urbanisten景观公司被要求设计一个包含两种功能的中心水广场，它将是一个富有活力的嬉戏和停留空间，同时具备临时存储雨水的功能。

2 平面图Plan

广场中间的运动场地同时也是最大的蓄水空间。一条“有趣的蛇”蜷曲于场地之中，设计师利用高度的多样变化创造了一系列微型水池，用于雨水输送、多余雨水的贮存和渗透。由于具有丰富的坡度和高度变化，场地能够同时吸引儿童和成人在此进行多样的活动。同时，景观被大量的绿色植被覆盖，使人身心得到放松并愿意在此停留。

周边学校的儿童也参与到设计的过程之中。孩子们通过剪切和拼贴为这个广场添加了他们最喜爱的活动，同时也创造了属于他们自己的“活力蛇”。根据他们的偏好，我们赋予景观中每个部分不同的形状和可能的使用功能，包括自然的互动游戏场地、群岛式游戏场、兼具集水功能的滑板场以及运动场地。

3 社区水管理系统Water System for the neighborhood

4 水管理系统图Water System

5 剖面图Sections

6 设计理念Concept

7 在中央蓄水区打球和停坐观看Playing and watching ball sports in the main basin

由于有雨水花园和透水铺装，在日常降雨时，只有学校里的雨水会汇入广场中可渗透的小型盆地。中心盆地仅在极端暴雨或者长时间持续降水时才会积满雨水，届时其中将充满来自周边街道的城市污水和较浅盆地溢出的部分雨水。水广场大约可贮存500m3的雨水。最终，当洪水期过后，水将重新进入城市排水管网。

（编辑/刘蓝蓝）

8 在“有趣的蛇”上奔跑嬉戏Running the “snake”

9 中央蓄水区广场表面不同颜色的涂料显示了降水量的大小The coating of the main basin shows water drops in different sizes

设计：De Urbanisten景观公司

滑板运动场顾问：拉格多建筑事务所（荷兰）（Lagado Architects）

水顾问：荷兰跨洲公司（Inter Delta Netherlands）

施工：鹿特丹港市工程局（City of Rotterdam Engineering Bureau）

项目位置：蒂尔市（荷兰）

设计时间：2013-2016年

建设时间：2015-2016年

业主单位：蒂尔市政府

翻译：张希

校对：张诗阳

10 水广场是一个年轻人聚会和举办各种活动的场所The watersquare is a place for a wide range of activities and a meeting place for youngsters

11 3号蓄水区是一个“游戏景观”，供一切诸如滑冰、滑板、小轮车越野等轮类运动使用Basin 3 is a “play landscape” for everything on wheels: skating, waveboarding and BMX

12 通过混凝土较好地塑造楼梯、坡道和场地边缘，使得3号蓄水区域的空间收放自如Zoom on basin 3 with it stairs, slopes and edges, nicely shaped out of concrete

Summer 2016 a new water square was opened in the Dutch city of Tiel (NL), designed by Dutch based office for urban design and landscape architecture De Urbanisten. This square is the‘pièce de résistance’ in the redevelopment of the complete neighborhood (Vogelbuurt).

The city of Tiel has to deal with several water related challenges like the risk of flooding, high groundwater and a need for waterstorage. In the ‘Vogelbuurt’ an improvement of the built environment and the public space is smartly combined with solving these water problems. De Urbanisten were asked to design a central water square that has two functions. It is both a vivid place to play and linger and a temporary storage of rainwater.

In the middle of the square, a sports field is also the largest basin for the storage of rainwater. A ‘playful snake’ curls around the field; it’s a landscape with height variations that creates a sequence of smaller basins for transportation, extra water storage and infiltration. With its various slopes and heights, the landscape invites children and adults to use it for a wide range of activities. A generous amount of green surfaces frame this landscape and invite to relax and linger.

In the design process, children from the adjacent school participated. They created their own snake by cutting and pasting their favorite activities for the square. With their preferences, we gave all parts of the landscape a different shape and possible use: a natural playscape, an archipelago playground, a skatebasin and a sportsfield.

With a regular rainfall, only water from the school is brought to the small basins where it can infiltrate, thanks to a raingarden and permeable paving. The central basin only floods during extreme cloudbursts or longer periods of extreme rainfall. It is filled with rainwater from the watersewage of the surrounding streets. It’s also the overflow for the undeep basins. Around 500 m3can be stored on the square. Ultimately, when the stress period is over, the water is conducted back to the rainwater sewage system.