英语阅读“七选五”与课文语篇教学浅探

丁凝

广东新高考英语阅读“七选五”主要考查的是学生的篇章能力，具体考查学生对文章的理解能力、语境领悟能力，对前后文句意的掌握水平，对整个语篇或语段的连贯性、一致性和逻辑关系的理解能力。而这些能力的考查又是和课文语篇教学的内容相吻合的。这就要求老师们在平时的教学过程中，应把语篇教学方法纳入阅读课文的教学中来。

一、改革阅读课课文讲授方法，改编课本教材练习

很多老师包括笔者自己，这两年在教阅读课时，仍然采用pre-reading， while-reading， post-reading公式化的三阶段阅读教学模式。这种方法严重割裂了文章的段落与段落、句子与句子之间的内在联系，也使语篇中的重要词汇、语言等无法围绕主线、有机串联。笔者针对第二课时课文阅读教学的讲授做了大胆改造和创新，以人教版高中新课标必修3 Unit 1“Festivals around the world”为例。

Step 1 Leading-in

（1）Help the students learn about festivals and their cultures.

（2）Help the students learn about peoples feelings， opinions and wishes.

Step 2 Skimming

Skim the reading passage and fill in the chart on P3.

（1）Scanning

T： Open your books and turn to page one. Id like you to do the scanning. Read the text quickly and accurately to get the main idea and answer the 5 questions on Page3.

（2）Intensive reading

（3）Reading and discussion

T： Read the text a third time and then work in pairs to do Exercise 3&4 on Page 3.

Step 3 Explanation

T： Now I will discuss some important sentences and phrases in the passage.

a. Some festivals are held to honor the dead or satisfy the ancestors， who might return either to help or to do harm.

b. In memory of

c. India has a national festival on October 2 to honor Mahatma Gandhi， the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain.

d. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over .

e. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.

f. The country， covered with cherry flowers， looks as though it is covered with pink snow.

Step 4 Reading exercise

请不要看书，根据课文内容，从文后选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather， planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find， especially during the cold winter months.

1 .

Festivals of the dead

Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors， who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon， people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico， people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. 2 .They offer food， flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 3 .If the neighbours do not give any sweets， the children might play a trick on them.

Festivals to Honour People

Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet， Qu Yuan. In the USA， Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi， the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain.

Harvest Festivals

Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. 4 . Some people might win awards for their farm produce， like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes.

Spring Festivals

The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China， people eat dumplings， fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. 5 . Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals， which take place forty days before Easter， usually in February. These carnivals might include parades， dancing in the streets day and night， loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japans Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country， covered with cherry tree flowers， looks as though it is covered with pink snow.

People love to get together to eat， drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life， be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.

A. It is now a childrens festival， when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets.

B. The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by the Chinese people all over

the world.

C. Todays festivals have many origins， some religious， some seasonal， and some for special people or events.

D. In European countries， people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit， and will get together to have meals.

E. There are dragon dances and carnivals， and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together.

F. There is a special food for the festival. It is called zongzi.

G. On this important feast day， people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with“bones”on them.

Answers： 1.→C 2.→G 3.→A 4.→D 5.→E

二、加强必要的阅读技巧和方法的指导

结合2011年全国高考题英语（课标卷）原题和阅读理解的解题技巧，可归纳出广东新高考英语阅读“七选五”的一些具体解题方法。

Money Matters

Parents should help their children understand money. 1 So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things， candy or toys， for example.

1. The basic function of money

Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy， give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier（收银员）. 2 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money， you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.

2. Money lessons

Approach money lessons with openness and honey. 3 If you must say no to a childs request to spend money， explain， “You have enough toy trucks for now.”Or， if the request is for many different things， say， “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”

3. 4

Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product—a name-brands butter and a generic（无商标产品），for example. You can show your child how to make choice between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 5 If he chooses the cheaper brand， allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later， you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.

A. Wise decision

B. The value of money

C. Permit the child to choose between them.

D. Tell your child why he can—or cannot—have certain things.

E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.

F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.

G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.

Answers： 1.→G 2.→F 3.→D 4.→A 5.→C

具体技巧有：

略读概括主旨、理清脉络、体会段落之间内在联系。快速浏览文章的标题和各个小标题，以及首尾段和每段首尾句，抓住文章和各段的大意；同时把握作者思路，梳理文脉，摸清结构。此法专门针对阅读“七选五”中的主旨大意题目。

读懂前后句。在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选出正确答案。如本卷的第3、5小题。

寻找线索词。词语复现或同现是语义衔接的重要手段，因此，在空白前后句中与选项中寻找原词复现或近义词复现，是答题的好方法。这种方法在不能完全读懂句子意思的情况下，特别管用。如本卷的第1小题。

留意关联词。这些词主要有表示并列或递进关系的关联词，表示转折或让步关系的关联词，表示时间或因果关系的词，表示例证关系的词，表示顺序的first， second， finally等词。如本卷的第2小题。

选择小标题。如果是要求选择小标题，可以根据另外标题的特征来判断本标题的特征，如其他标题是名词，就选名词，其他标题是祈使句，就选祈使句，这样可以大大缩小选择范围，做好主旨归纳。如本卷的第4小题。

责任编辑 魏文琦