橙皮苷对急性肝损伤模型小鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α和干扰素-γ表达的影响*
2015-02-10袁廷东陈茂剑黄文剑何雅倩龚权
袁廷东,陈茂剑,黄文剑,何雅倩,龚权
(长江大学病原生物学部,荆州 434023)
橙皮苷对急性肝损伤模型小鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α和干扰素-γ表达的影响*
袁廷东,陈茂剑,黄文剑,何雅倩,龚权
(长江大学病原生物学部,荆州 434023)
目的 研究橙皮苷对刀豆蛋白A(Con A)致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)表达的影响。方法 72只SPF级C57BL/6雄性小鼠,随机均分为正常对照组、模型对照组和橙皮苷组。橙皮苷组给小鼠连续灌胃橙皮苷悬浊液1 000 mg·kg-1,灌胃10 d,模型对照组灌胃等量0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠,模型对照组和橙皮苷组均用Con A诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的含量;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色检查肝组织病理变化,反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测肝组织TNF-α和IFN-γ mRNA水平,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测血清TNF-α和IFN-γ水平。结果 橙皮苷预处理后,与模型对照组比较,橙皮苷组ALT和AST水平显著降低(P<0.01),肝细胞坏死及炎性细胞浸润明显减轻,肝组织TNF-α和IFN-γ mRNA表达明显下调(P<0.01)。橙皮苷组血清TNF-α和IFN-γ水平2 h分别为(717.05±205.22),(611.06±92.82)pg·mL-1,6 h分别为(811.56±167.47),(786.19±215.44)pg·mL-1。橙皮苷组TNF-α和IFN-γ水平较模型对照组明显降低(P<0.01),但Con A注射6 h,橙皮苷组TNF-α水平与模型对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 橙皮苷预处理对Con A致小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制与其抑制TNF-α和IFN-γ的表达有关。
橙皮苷;刀豆蛋白A;肿瘤坏死因子-α;干扰素-γ
橙皮苷(hesperidin,HDN)为橙皮素与芸香糖形成的二氢黄酮苷类化合物,存在于多种植物中,在芸香科柑桔属植物的果皮(中药陈皮)中含量尤其丰富。近年来研究显示,橙皮苷具有抗氧化[1-3]、抗炎[4-5]、抗肿瘤[1,6]、抗微生物[7]以及神经系统保护作用[8]。本研究探讨橙皮苷对刀豆蛋白A(concanavalin A,Con A)所致急性免疫性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制。
1 材料与方法
1.1 动物 无特定病原体(specific pathogen free,SPF)级C57BL/6小鼠72只,雄性,8周龄,体质量(21±2)g,武汉大学动物实验中心提供,实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(鄂)2008-0004。
1.2 试剂 橙皮苷(Sigma公司,批号:H5254,纯度≥80%),临用前用0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠配成100 mg·mL-1混悬液;Con A购自Sigma公司,临用前用磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffer solution,PBS)配制成2.0 mg·mL-1溶液。丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)试剂盒购自四川迈克生物科技股份有限公司;苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin and eosin,HE)染色试剂盒购自武汉博士德生物工程有限公司;肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)和干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)试剂盒购自北京北方生物技术研究所;总RNA提取试剂盒购自北方天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;反转录聚合酶链反应(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)试剂盒购自宝生物工程(大连)有限公司。
1.3 造模及分组 将72只C57BL/6小鼠适应性饲养1周后,数字法随机平均分为正常对照组、模型对照组和橙皮苷组。橙皮苷组将橙皮苷混悬液以0.1 mL·(10 g)-1灌胃,模型对照组灌胃等量0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠,每天1次,连续10 d。末次给药1 h后,橙皮苷组和模型对照组尾静脉注射Con A 15 mg·kg-1造模,正常对照组尾静脉注射等量PBS。分别于造模后2,6,16 h,各组随机处死小鼠8只,采取小鼠肝脏和血清标本。
1.4 生化指标检测 运用自动生化分析仪检测血清ALT和AST的含量;用酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay,ELISA)法检测血清TNF-α和IFN-γ细胞因子水平。
1.5 肝脏组织病理形态学改变 取小鼠肝右叶组织,用10%中性甲醛固定后常规石蜡包埋切片,HE染色,光镜下观察肝脏组织形态学改变。
1.6 TNF-α mRNA和IFN-γ mRNA表达水平的测定 用总RNA提取试剂盒提取总RNA后,RT-PCR半定量法测定TNF-α mRNA和IFN-γ mRNA。β-actin引物:上游5′-CTGTCCCTGTATGCCTCTG-3′,下游5′-CATCGTACTCCTGCTTGCT-3′;TNF-α引物:上游5′-CATCTTCTCAAAATTCGAGTGACAA-3′,下游5′-TGGGAGTAGACAAGGTACAACCC-3′;IFN-γ引物:上游5′-GTGGCATAGATGTGGAAGAA-3′,下游5′-CCTCAAACTTGGCAATACTC-3′。TNF-α和IFN-γ反应条件为94 ℃预变性5 min,94 ℃变性45 s,55 ℃(TNF-α)、52 ℃(IFN-γ)退火45 s,72 ℃延伸1 min(TNF-α)、45 s(IFN-γ),共30(TNF-α)、35(IFN-γ)个循环,再72 ℃延伸5 min,10 ℃保存。PCR产物在1.2%琼脂糖凝胶中电泳,用BIO-Rad凝胶成像系统分析电泳带面积和吸光度值(A),目的基因TNF-α和IFN-γ与内参照基因β-actin的比值,代表组织TNF-α和IFN-γ相对表达量。
2 结果
2.1 血清ALT和AST活性 于注射Con A 16 h后处理各组小鼠,与正常对照组比较,模型对照组小鼠血清ALT和AST水平明显升高(P<0.01);与模型对照组比较,橙皮苷组ALT和AST水平显著降低(P<0.01)。见表1。
表1 橙皮苷预处理对小鼠血清ALT和AST的影响
2.2 肝组织病理改变 注射Con A造模16 h后处死3组小鼠,取部分肝组织制作病理切片。结果显示:正常对照组小鼠肝组织结构正常,肝小叶结构清晰;模型对照组肝细胞大面积坏死,大多数肝细胞细胞质明显肿胀,气球样变,坏死区有炎性细胞浸润,汇管区尤为明显;橙皮苷组肝损伤较轻,肝小叶结构基本正常,肝索排列较整齐,少量肝细胞有轻度脂肪变性。见图1。
2.3 RT-PCR检测肝组织IFN-γ mRNA和TNF-α mRNA表达水平 Con A注射2 h后处死各组小鼠。与正常对照组比较,模型对照组小鼠肝组织IFN-γ mRNA和TNF-α mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.01);与模型对照组比较,橙皮苷组IFN-γ mRNA和TNF-α mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.01)。见图2。
2.4 血清TNF-α和IFN-γ含量 Con A注射后2 h和6 h,模型对照组血清TNF-α和IFN-γ水平显著升高,橙皮苷组TNF-α和IFN-γ水平较模型对照组明显降低(P<0.01),但Con A注射6 h,橙皮苷组TNF-α水平与模型对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。
A.正常对照组;B.模型对照组;C.橙皮苷组;与正常对照组比较,*1F=0.229,*1P<0.01;*3F=0.709,*3P<0.01;与模型对照组比较,*2F=8.645,*2P<0.01;*4F=0.225,*4P<0.01
图2 肝组织IFN-γ mRNA和TNF-α mRNA水平
A.normal control group;B.model control group;C.hesperidin group;Compared with normal control group,*1F=0.229,*1P<0.01;*3F=0.709,*3P<0.01;Compared with model control group,*2F=8.645,*2P<0.01;*4F=0.225,*4P<0.01
Fig.2 The mRNA levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in liver tissue
表2 橙皮苷预处理对小鼠血清TNF-α和IFN-γ的影响
3 讨论
Con A诱导的小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤模型是研究人类病毒性肝炎和自身免疫性肝炎的理想模型[9]。Th1细胞分泌的TNF-α和IFN-γ,在Con A诱导的肝损伤模型中发挥重要作用[10]。正常肝组织中,微弱表达的TNF-α对肝细胞无杀伤作用,还可诱导肝组织再生。急性肝损伤时,肝脏中TNF-α表达增加,刺激肝细胞产生一氧化氮,且能直接破坏内皮细胞,参与肝内微血栓形成,导致肝细胞坏死[11];TNF-α也可通过其受体发挥作用,目前认为TNF-αR1介导其主要生物学效应,TNF-α同时与肝细胞膜上TNF-αR1结合,激活细胞内多种非溶酶体性脱氧核糖核苷酸内切酶,将细胞内双链基因组DNA切割成寡脱氧核苷酸片段,从而诱导肝细胞凋亡;TNF-α还可通过激活NF-κB上调多种炎症介质的表达,加重肝细胞的免疫性损伤[12-13]。IFN-γ是引起肝损伤的又一关键细胞因子,抗IFN-γ中和抗体或IFN-γ基因敲除小鼠能保护甚至免于Con A引起的肝损伤[14]。IFN-γ可通过IFN-γ/STAT1信号转导通路影响转录因子如IRF-1的表达,从而诱导肝细胞损伤,亦可通过诱导巨噬细胞依赖性免疫反应,增强NK细胞的细胞毒作用,介导细胞免疫应答,从而发挥其潜在的致炎作用[15]。
本研究结果显示,橙皮苷能抑制Con A诱导的急性免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT和AST水平的升高,显著减轻肝细胞坏死和炎性细胞浸润,证明橙皮苷对小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤具有保护作用。橙皮苷显著抑制小鼠肝脏中TNF-α mRNA和IFN-γ mRNA的表达并降低血清TNF-α和IFN-γ的水平,提示橙皮苷预处理对Con A诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护机制与其抑制炎性细胞因子TNF-α和IFN-γ的表达有关。
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DOI 10.3870/yydb.2015.06.003
Influence of Hesperidin on the Expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in Concanavalin A-induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice
YUAN Tingdong, CHEN Maojian, HUANG Wenjian, HE Yaqian, GONG Quan
(DepartmentofPathogenBiology,YangtzeUniversity,Jingzhou434023,China)
Objective To explore the protective effect of hesperidin pretreatment on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced acute liver injury and the effect on expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ. Methods Seventy-two SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, model control group and hesperidin group.Acute liver injury model was established by injected with Con A.The hesperidin group was treated intragastrically with 1 000 mg·kg-1hesperidin for 10 days.Model control group was treated intragastrically with the same volume of 0.5% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured.Pathological changes in hepatic tissue were observed under microscope.The expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNAs in hepatic tissue was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The contents of TNF-α and IFN-γ in serum were detected by ELISA. Results Compared with model control group, the contents of ALT and AST in serum were significantly decreased (P<0.01) in hesperidin group.Pathological changes in hepatic tissue were markedly improved.The expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the hepatic tissues and serum were significantly downregulated (P<0.01).The concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ in hesperidin group were (717.05±205.22) and(611.06±92.82)pg·mL-1in 2 h,(811.56±167.47)and(786.19±215.44)pg·mL-1in 6 h.Compared with model control group, the expressions of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the hesperidin group were significantly downregulated (P<0.01).But there was no significant difference between hesperidin group and model control group in 6 h after treated with Con A(P>0.05). Conclusion Hesperidin pretreatment protects mice from Con A-induced acute liver injury possibly by inhibiting the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in the liver of mice.
Hesperidin; Concanavalin A; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Interferon-γ
2014-05-12
2014-08-12
*国家自然科学基金资助项目(81271872);长江大学第五批“大学生创新创业训练计划”国家级项目(201210489335);湖北省教育厅资助项目(D20121206);湖北省卫生厅血吸虫病防治科研项目(XF2012-5)
袁廷东(1991-),男,湖北宜昌人,本科在读。电话:(0)15507162371,E-mail:tingdongy1991@163.com。
龚权(1972-),男,副教授,硕士生导师,博士,研究方向:感染和免疫。电话:0716-8062733,E-mail:gongquan1998@163.com。
R965
A
1004-0781(2015)06-0714-04