早期益生菌肠内营养对感染性休克患者营养状态和临床疗效的影响
2019-12-30项美姣葛国平
项美姣 葛国平
[摘要] 目的 探討早期益生菌肠内营养对感染性休克患者营养状态及临床疗效的影响。 方法 选取我院2017年1月~2018年12月接诊的感染性休克患者64例,按照随机数字排列法将其分为两组,每组32例,对照组采用常规营养治疗,观察组采用早期益生菌肠内营养干预,观察两组患者治疗前后营养状况[血清白蛋白(Alb)、总蛋白(TP)、血红蛋白(Hb)]以及炎症因子[血清白细胞介素(IL-6、IL-8)以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]变化情况。 结果 两组患者干预后Alb、TP、Hb均低于干预前,观察组干预后Alb、TP、Hb高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者干预后IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α均低于干预前,观察组干预后IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α低于对照组(P<0.01)。两组干预后APACHEⅡ评分均低于干预前,干预后观察组APACHEⅡ评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 早期益生菌肠内营养干预可改善患者营养状态及炎症因子水平。
[关键词] 感染性休克;早期益生菌肠内营养;营养状态;炎症因子
[中图分类号] R459.7 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2019)31-0018-04
Effect of early probiotic enteral nutrition on nutritional status and clinical efficacy in the patients with septic shock
XIANG Meijiao GE Guoping
ICU, Jinhua People's Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Jinhua 321000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of early probiotic enteral nutrition on nutritional status and clinical efficacy in the patients with septic shock. Methods 64 patients with septic shock who were admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to the random number method, with 32 patients in each group. The control group was given conventional nutritional therapy, and the observation group was given early probiotic enteral nutritional intervention. The changes in nutritional status [serum albumin (Alb), total protein (TP), hemoglobin (Hb)] and inflammatory factors [serum interleukin (IL-6, IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. Results Alb, TP and Hb were lower in the two groups after intervention than those before intervention. Alb, TP and Hb after intervention were higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05); IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were lower after intervention in the two groups than those before intervention. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α after intervention were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.01). The APACHE Ⅱ scores in the two groups after intervention were lower than those before intervention. The APACHE Ⅱ score in the observation group after intervention was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Early probiotic enteral nutritional intervention can improve the nutritional status and inflammatory factors of patients.
[Key words] Septic shock; Early probiotic enteral nutrition; Nutritional status; Inflammatory factors
本研究结果显示,两组患者均采取早期肠内营养干预,在干预后Alb、TP、Hb均低于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中Alb、TP、Hb均为反映机体营养状况的常用指标,Alb下降提示机体处于营养不良状态或强烈应激状态,为监测危重症患者营养状态的重要指标。TP、Hb为机体蛋白水平的常用监测指标,在维持血液正常胶体渗透压、pH值及运输多种代谢物、营养等多种生物学过程中均具有明显作用,不仅可用于监测机体营养状况,也可用于疾病的诊断及鉴别诊断。上述结果表明感染性休克患者均会表现不同程度的营养不良。两组干预后Alb、TP、Hb比较,观察组Alb、TP、Hb明显高于对照组,说明观察组所采取的肠内营养干预能够更好地实现对营养状况的维持,避免患者发生严重的营养不良。这可能与观察组营养方案中的益生菌使用有关。益生菌为一种活性生物,可抵抗有害细菌侵袭[12,13],益生菌携带的半乳糖苷酶可改善肠道消化吸收功能,并可竞争性地产生抑菌物质,增强抗炎功效。有研究表明[14],益生菌在进入肠道之后,可分泌大量的细菌素,这些细菌素既可快速杀灭病原菌,又可发挥定植效果,增强益生菌的竞争性。
基于此,我们进一步观察两组营养方案对机体炎症指标的影响,结果显示两组患者干预后IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α表达水平低于干预前(P<0.01),说明通过早期肠内营养干预可控制炎症。干预后观察组IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α低于对照组(P<0.01),说明加入益生菌的早期肠内营养干预能够更好的实现对炎症因子的控制。这主要与益生菌能够对核因子(NF-κB)激活的抑制作用有关。有研究表明[15,16],益生菌可促使NF-κB活化反应实现迅速阻断,避免p60/p105入核,NF-κB无法被激活,转录翻译出相应炎症因子功能受到抑制[17]。与此同时,益生菌可以更好地促进分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)的分泌[18],增强肠道免疫屏障作用,并可通过MAPK、NF-κB、Akt/PI3K等多个信号通路,发挥调节炎症介质水平的作用。另还有研究显示[19,20],早期肠内营养干预可控制感染性休克炎症因子水平,降低病死率,且在早期肠内营养干预中增加益生菌,控制炎症因子效果更好,与本研究结论一致。
APACHEⅡ评分最早是在1985年由Knaus等提出,可动态反映患者病情变化及定量监测疾病严重程度的指标,可客观地指导医疗计划的进行。该量表由年龄、急性生理病理改变、慢性健康情况3个部分组成,在感染性休克患者中,可用于评价患者病情、疗效及预后。本研究结果显示,两组干预后APACHEⅡ评分均显著下降,观察组下降程度大于对照组,这与韦广莹等[21]的研究结论一致。说明观察组治疗方案可改善感染性休克患者慢性健康情况,减轻急性生理病理改变,从而利于患者早期康复。
綜上所述,在感染性休克患者的临床治疗中,早期益生菌肠内营养干预可改善患者营养状况及炎症因子水平。
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(收稿日期:2019-03-13)