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西藏毛茛属二新种

2019-09-10王文采

广西植物 2019年9期
关键词:新种

摘要:  该文描述了发现自中国西藏南部的毛茛科毛茛属二新种,即隆子毛茛(Ranunculus longziensis W. T. Wang)和单根毛茛(R. uniradicatus W. T. Wang)。隆子毛茛(新种)与睫毛毛茛(R. densiciliatus W. T. Wang)在亲缘关系上甚为相近,两者不同的是此新种(隆子毛茛)的茎无毛,叶也无毛,基生叶不分裂,多具5条脉,茎生叶呈披针状条形;单根毛茛(新种)与聂拉木毛茛(R. nyalamensis W. T. Wang)在体态上稍微相似,两者不同的是此新种(单根毛茛)为一年生草本植物,只具一条须根,茎无毛,花瓣呈狭倒卵形,子房被短柔毛。

关键词: 毛茛科, 毛茛属, 新种, 中国西藏

中图分类号:  Q949文献标识码:  A文章编号:  1000-3142(2019)09-1139-04

Abstract:  Two species of genus Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae), Ranunculus longziensis and R. uniradicatus are described as new from South Tibet Autonomous Region, China. R. longziensis is closely related to R. densiciliatus W. T. Wang, differing from the latter in its glabrous stems, glabrous leaves, undivided and mostly 5-nerved basal leaves, and lanceolate-linear cauline leaves; and R. uniradicatus is slightly similar in habit to R. nyalamensis W. T. Wang, differing from the latter in its annual habit, a herb with only a single fibrous root, glabrous stems, narrow-obovate petals, and puberulous ovaries.

Key words: Ranunculaceae, Ranunculus, new species, Tibet Autonomous Region, China

中国科学院植物研究所植物标本馆(PE)于2018年6月派考察队到中国西藏南部的隆子、错那等县进行了深入的植物标本采集工作,采集到了大量植物标本,在鉴定其中的毛茛属过程中发现了2个种难于定名,由于中国西藏的隆子、错那等县邻近尼泊尔和印度,我首先参阅了S. K. Srivastava于2010年发表的关于印度毛茛属(Ranunculus)的论文,但未能找到与此2个种相同或相似的植物。随后,我再查阅了本人在1995年发表的“中国毛茛属修订”一文,发现其中1种(采自中国西藏隆子县的PE考察队7063)与特产中国西藏定结县的睫毛毛茛(R. densiciliatus W. T. Wang)在亲缘关系上甚为相似;而另外1种(采自中国西藏錯那县的PE考察队7084)则稍似特产自中国西藏聂拉木县的聂拉木毛茛(R. nyalamensis)。同时,我确定上述二号标本代表了毛茛属的二新种,即隆子毛茛(Ranunculus longziensis W. T. Wang)和单根毛茛(R. uniradicatus W. T. Wang),现在本文予以发表。

隆子毛茛图1: A-D

Ranunculus longziensis W. T. Wang, sp. nov.Fig. 1: A-D

[Subgen.Ranunculus Sect. Flammula (Webb ex Spath) Schur]

Ob foliorum laminas suborbiculares vel orbiculari-ovatas margine integras, flores solitarios terminales, petala flava obovata 6-7 mm longa et carpella glabra species nova haec est arcte affinis R. densiciliato W. T. Wang, a quo caulibus glabris, foliis glabris, eis basalibus omnibus indivisis plerumque 5-nervibus, eis caulinis lanceolato-linearibus facile distinguitur. In R. densicilato, caules puberuli, folia supra puberula margine dense ciliata, ea basalia plurima indivisa 3-nervia nonnulla 3-lobata, et ea caulina ovata vel longe elliptica sunt.

Small perennial herbs. Stems ca. 2, 4-5 cm tall, glabrous, simple, ca. 2-leaved. Basal leaves ca. 10, glabrous, long petiolate; blades suborbicular, orbicular-ovate, long ovate, long elliptic, or narrow-lanceolate, 6-14 × 2-6 mm, at apex obtuse or slightly acute, at base broadly cuneate to attenuate, on margin entire, (3-)5-nerved or nerveless; petioles ca. 20 mm long, below long vaginate. Flower solitary and terminal: Speals 5, oblong-ovate or navicular-oblong, 4-6 × 2 mm, subglabrous or sparsely ciliate. Petals 5, yellow, obovate. 6-7 × 3.8-4.2 mm, glabrous, at base not unguiculate, above base with a small nectary pit. Stamens ca. 14, glabrous; filaments linear, 1-1.5 mm long; anthers yellowish, broad-oblong, 1-1.2 × 0.6-0.8 mm. Gynoecium subglobose, 3×2 mm; carpels ca. 50, glabrous, ovaris 1 × 0.4 mm, styles ca. 0.3 mm long.

中国西藏(Tibet, China): 隆子县,羊措拉山口, alt. 4 569 m,高山草甸,花黄色 (Longzi County, on alpine meadow near pass of Yangcuola Mountain, alt. 4 569 m, fls. yellow), 2018-06-09, PE考察队(PE Exped.) 7063 (holotype and isotype, PE).

本种不具块根,叶全缘,花瓣黄色,当隶属Subgen. Ranunculus Sect. Flammula (Webb ex Spach) Schur (Tamura, 1995)。其叶片近圆形或圆卵形,全缘,花单朵顶生,花瓣黄色,倒卵形,长6~7 mm,心皮无毛,因此与也具上述形态特征的睫毛毛茛(Ranunculus densiciliatus W. T. Wang)(特产自中国西藏定结县)在亲缘关系上甚为接近,两者的区别在于隆子毛茛的茎无毛,叶也无毛,基生叶全部不分裂,多具五出脉,茎生叶呈披针状条形。在睫毛毛茛,茎被短柔毛,叶上面被短柔毛,边缘密被缘毛,基生叶多数不分裂,具3出脉,一些基生叶3浅裂,茎生叶呈卵形或长椭圆形(王文采,1995)。

单根毛茛图1: E-I

Ranunculus uniradicatus W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 1: E-I

(Subgen. Ranunculus Sect. Ranunculus)

Ob herbas humiles, folia reniformia, flores solitarios terminales species nova haec est leviter similis R. nyalamensi W. T. Wang, a quo herba annua radice fibrosa singulari praedita, caulibus glabris, petalis anguste obovatis, ovariis puberulis valde differt. In R. nyalamensi, herba perennis radicibus fibrosis aliquot praedita, caules puberuli, petala obovata, et carpella glabra sunt.

Small annual herb, with only a single filiform fibrous root 1.5-3 cm long. Stems 4-7 cm tall, above base ca. 0.5 mm across, glabrous, simple, 2-3-leaved. Basal leaves 1-2, long petiolate; blades thinly papery, reniform, 6-8 × 8-12 mm, at base cordate, 3-lobed or 3-lobulate, central primary lobe semi-orbicular or orbicular-ovate, entire, at apex often mucronulate, lateral primary lobes unequally 2-lobed, the upper secondary lobes similar to central primary lobe, but slightly smaller, and the lower secondary lobes often once again unequally 2-lobulate; surfaces adaxially appressed-puberulous, abaxially glabrous; petioles 14-30 mm long, glabrous, at base white-vaginate. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones, but smaller; blades 3-7 × 5-10 mm; petioles 4-2.3 mm long. Flower solitary, terminal: Sepals 5, navicular-obovate, 2 × 1.2 mm, glabrous. Petals 5, yellow, narrow-obovate, ca. 4 × 1.8 mm, glabrous, at apex rounded, inconspicuously 3-nerved, above base with a small nectary pit, claws inconspicuous. Stamens ca. 9, glabrous; filaments linear, 0.7-0.9 mm long; anthers yellowish, broad-oblong, 0.6-0.8 × 0.4-0.6 mm. Carpels ca. 9; ovaries ovoid, 1 × 0.6 mm, with short appressed hairs; styles ca. 0.6 mm long, glabrous.

中國西藏(Tibet, China): 错那县,浪坡乡,杜鹃花海,alt. 4 281 m,山坡灌丛,花黄色 (Cuona County, Langpo Township, Dujuanhuahai, alt. 4 281 m, in scrubs on slope, fls. yellow), 2018-06-10, PE考察队(PE Exped.) 7084 (holotype and isotype, PE).

单根毛茛不具块根,叶浅裂,花瓣黄色,当隶属Subgen. Ranunculus Sect. Ranunculus (Tamura,1995)。单根毛茛茎低矮,叶肾形,花单朵顶生,因此与也具上述特征的聂拉木毛茛(Ranunculus nyalamensis W. T. Wang)(特产自中国西藏聂拉木县)有些相似,但单根毛茛为一年生草本植物,只具一条须根,茎无毛,花瓣狭倒卵形,子房被短柔毛,因而与聂拉木毛茛大不相同。聂拉木毛茛是多年生草本植物,具数条须根,茎被短柔毛,花瓣卵形,心皮无毛(王文采,1995)。

致谢对中国科学院植物研究所王文采院士活动经费(课题号:110100PZ07);班芹和马欣堂两位先生提供标本等方面;杨志荣博士在借用模式标本等方面;孙英宝先生绘图和稿件录入等方面。在此,一并表示衷心的感谢!

参考文献:

SRIVASTAVA SK, 2010. Revision of genus Delphinium L. in India [J]. Taiwania, 55(3): 237-314.

TAMURA M, 1995. Ranunculus [M]//HIEPKO P. Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Zwei. Aufl. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. 17aIV: 412-435.

WANG WT, 1995. A revision of the genus Ranunculus in China [J]. Bull Bot Res, 15(2): 137-180; (3): 275-329. [王文采, 1995. 中国毛茛属修订 [J]. 植物研究, 15(2): 137-180; (3): 275-329.]

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