浙江木犀科一新种
2021-03-24谢文远刘西梅旭东陈锋陈征海
谢文远 刘西 梅旭东 陈锋 陈征海
摘 要: 该文描述了采自浙江南部的木犀属(Osmanthus Lour.)一新种——浙南木犀(O. austrozhejiangensis Z.H. Chen, W.Y. Xie et X. Liu),并附有线描图和彩色照片。该种在具聚伞花序,叶柄、小枝、苞片、花梗被柔毛等性状上接近于毛柄木犀(O. pubipedicellatus Chia ex H. T. Chang),不同之处在于叶片倒卵形、倒卵状椭圆形或椭圆形,长(5.5~)8~10(~13)cm,宽(2.2~)3~4.5(~5)cm,先端急尖或短渐尖,叶缘具尖锐细锯齿或全缘,侧脉8~10对,花较大,花冠管长2.2~2.3 mm,裂片长2.2~3.0 mm,花丝长1.3~1.5 mm,花药长约1.2 mm。该新种的发现为研究东亚木犀属自西南向东北方向迁移与演化提供了新的材料。
关键词: 浙南木犀, 木犀属, 木犀科, 新种, 浙江
Abstract: Osmanthus austrozhejiangensis Z.H. Chen, W.Y. Xie et X. Liu, a new species of Osmanthus Lour. from Zhejiang, is described with illustrations and color photographs. This new species is similar to O. pubipedicellatus Chia ex H.T. Chang in having cyme and puberulent on petiole, bract, pedicel, but differs from the former in having leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic or elliptic, (5.5-) 8-10 (-13) cm long, (2.2-) 3 -4.5 (-5) cm wide, apex acute or shortly acuminate, margin acutely serrate or entire, lateral veins 8-10 pairs; flowers larger, corolla tube 2.2-2.3 mm, lobes 2.2-3.0 mm; filaments 1.3-1.5 mm, anthers ca. 1.2 mm. The discovery of this species provides new materials for studying the migration and evolution of Osmanthus from Southwest to Northeast in East Asia.
Key words: Osmanthus austrozhejiangensis, Osmanthus Lour., Oleaceae, new species, Zhejiang
木犀屬(Osmanthus Lour.)是典型的东亚-北美间断分布属,主要分布于亚洲热带和亚热带地区,从喜马拉雅至日本,向南分布至马来半岛与苏门答腊,少数种类产于美洲东南部以及墨西哥少数地方(Green, 1958; 季春峰, 2004)。本属全世界约30种,我国约有25种,主产于南部和西南地区(陆瑞林, 1992),浙江有8种(郑朝宗, 2005)。本属植物为常绿灌木或乔木,花都具有芳香味,是重要的蜜源植物,其中木犀(桂花)(O. fragrans Lour.)为我国著名的香料植物和园林观赏植物。
近年来,笔者在浙江省野生植物资源调查和《浙江植物志》(新编)编撰过程中,发现了浙江南部地区1种木犀属植物,经查对文献(Ohwi, 1965; 张宏达, 1982; Zhang et al., 1996; Yang & Lu, 1998; 向其柏和季春峰, 2004)、标本和定点观察比较研究,确认为新种,现予以报道。
Osmanthus austrozhejiangensis Z.H. Chen, W.Y. Xie et X. Liu, sp. nov. Fig.1, Fig.2This new species is similar to O. pubipedicellatus Chia ex H.T. Chang, but differs from the former in having leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic or elliptic, (5.5-) 8-10 (-13) × (2.2-) 3-4.5 (-5) cm (instaed of leaf blade narrowly elliptic, rarely lanceolate, 6.5-9 × 2-3 cm), apex acute or shortly acuminate, margin acutely serrate or entire (instaed of apex long acuminate, margin entire), lateral veins 8-10 pairs (instaed of 6 or 7 pairs); flowers larger, corolla tube 2.2-2.3 mm, lobes 2.2-3.0 mm (instaed of corolla tube ca. 1 mm, lobes ca. 1.5 mm); filaments 1.3-1.5 mm, anthers ca. 1.2 mm (instaed of filaments ca. 0.5 mm, anthers ca. 1 mm).
Type: China, Zhejiang (浙江), Jingning (景宁), Wangdongyang (望东垟), on slope at forest margin, alt. 1 000 m, 30 Sep. 2018, X.D. Mei (梅旭东) et S.Z. Hu (胡绍柱) JN18093002 (holotype: ZM; isotype: ZM, IBK)。
常绿小乔木或灌木,高3~5 m。小枝灰色,被开展短柔毛;老枝无毛。叶片厚革质,倒卵状椭圆形、倒卵形或椭圆形,稀卵形,长(5.5~)8~10(~13) cm,宽(2.2~)3~4.5(~5) cm,先端急尖或短渐尖,基部楔形,稀宽楔形,边缘稍背卷,中部以上具尖锐细锯齿或全缘(萌生枝之叶具刺尖齿),两面无毛,上面深绿色,光亮,有稀疏针孔状凹点,中脉在上面凹陷,在下面明显凸起,侧脉8~10对,在上面微凹或平,干后明显突起,在下面清晰,干后几不突起;叶柄长1~1.5(~2) cm,萌生枝之叶柄长可达2.5 cm,被微柔毛,上面凹陷处尤密,后几脱净。聚伞花序簇生叶腋,每腋内有花芽1(或2)枚,每芽有花(2或)3~5朵;苞片2,革质,外面密被柔毛,基部合生呈舟状,筒部长约1 mm,裂片卵形,长约2.2 mm,先端锐尖;花梗长4~9 mm,俯垂,白色,花后连同花萼、子房均变紫色,被微柔毛;花芳香;花萼长1~1.1 mm,裂片4,三角形,长约1.2 mm;花冠白色,花冠管长2.2~2.3 mm,裂片长2.2~3.0 mm,宽2~2.1 mm,先端圆钝;雄蕊着生于花冠管基部,花丝长1.3~1.5 mm,中部以下与花冠合生,花药长约1.2 mm,药隔延长呈明显的三角形小尖头;雌蕊长约2.0 mm,花柱长约1 mm,柱头头状。核果椭圆球形,稍歪斜,长1.3~1.5 cm,直径约8 mm,两端钝,熟时暗紫色,果核长0.8~1.2 cm,宽0.4~0.7 cm,表面具10~14条肋纹。花期9月中旬至10月上旬,果期翌年4月下旬至5月上旬。
Paratypes: China, Zhejiang (浙江), Jingning (景宁), Wangdongyang (望东垟), on slope at forest margin, alt. 1 000 m, 17 Dec. 2018, Z.H. Chen (陈征海), S.Z. Hu (胡绍柱) et R.L. Liu (劉日林) JN181217001(IBK, ZM), JN181217002 (ZM); the same locality and date, under forest, alt. 950 m, Z.H. Chen (陈征海) et R.L. Liu (刘日林) JN181217003(ZM); Shangbiao (上标), under forest, alt. 1 100 m, 5 Sep. 2018, S.Z. Hu (胡绍柱) JN180905004, JN180905006 (ZM); the same locality, 14 Mar. 2019, Z.H. Chen et al. (陈征海等) JN19031401 (ZM); the same locality, 11 May 2019, X.D. Mei (梅旭东) et J. Lin (林坚) JN01, JN02, JN03 (ZM); Yujikeng (渔漈坑), on slope at forest margin, alt. 950 m, 1 Aug. 2017, Z.H. Chen et al. (陈征海等) JN170801-08A. 花枝; B. 花序; C. 花(花冠展开); D. 幼果枝; E. 叶片; F. 果核.
(a) (ZM); Dayanhu (大仰湖), Donggangqiaotou (东港桥头), at forest margin, alt. 1 000 m, Z.H. Chen et al. (陈征海等) JN19031305 (ZM). Suichan (遂昌), Zhedaikou (柘岱口), Zuobieyuancun (左别源村), Daxikeng (大西坑), Taoshuba (桃树坝), 13 Aug. 1985, M. X. Wu (吴鸣翔) et F. G. Zhang (张方钢) 4382 (ZM). Taishun(泰顺), Wuyanling (乌岩岭), in evergreen broad-leaved trees, 30 Nov 1958, alt. 1 200 m, Anonymous 23989 (HHBG); at forest margin, 22 Jun. 2018, alt. 950 m, Z.H. Chen (陈征海) et X. Liu (刘西) TS18062209 (ZM)。
Chia ex H.T. Chang)相近,而与省内广泛栽培的木犀(O. fragrans Lour.)极易区分。三者在形态上的主要区别见表1。
木犀属植物可能起源于晚第三纪的中国华南、西南至马来西亚一带(季春峰,2004),在云南的晚第三纪已有孢粉记录(李文漪和吴细芳,1978),随着地质历史变迁,一部分种类向低纬度高海拔退却,另一部分则向较高纬度地区延伸,逐渐适应了亚热带气候的生长环境(臧德奎等,2004)。浙南木犀与产自华南的毛柄木犀近缘,正是木犀属自西南向东北方向迁移过程中在华东地区进一步演化的结果,同时也与王文采(1992a,b)提出的东亚被子植物的迁移路线相吻合。
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