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天山乌头 新疆毛茛科一新种

2019-09-10杨宗宗

广西植物 2019年9期
关键词:新种中国新疆

摘要:  该文描述了发现自中国新疆天山北部的毛茛科乌头属一新种,即乌鲁木齐乌头(Aconitm urumqiense),此新种与新疆乌头(A. sinchiangense)近缘。两者的区别在于此新种(乌鲁木齐乌头)的茎无毛,不存在基生叶,总状花序轴和花梗被黄色腺毛,萼片背面疏被柔毛、边缘被缘毛,上萼片较宽,花瓣唇在顶端啮蚀状,子房幼时疏被柔毛。

关键词: 毛茛科,  乌头属, 新种, 新疆, 中国

中图分类号:  Q949文献标识码:  A文章编号:  1000-3142(2019)09-1143-04

Abstract:  A new species of the genus Aconitum (Ranunculaceae), A. urumqiense, collected from Xinjiang, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to A. sinchiangense, but differring from the latter species in its glabrous stem, absence of basal leaves, rachis and pedicels with yellow glandular hairs, wider upper sepals, all the sepals with marginal hairs and sparsely spreading pubescence outside, dilated and erose apex of petal lips, and immature carpels with sparse glandular hairs.

Key words: Ranunculaceae, Aconitum, new species, Xinjiang, China

乌鲁木齐乌头图1, 图2

Aconitum urumqiense Z. Z. Yang, sp. nov. Figs. 1 & 2. (Sect. Aconitum Ser. Rotundifolia Steinb).

Ob foliorum segmenta in lobos ultimos linearia dissecta, sepalum superum naviculare, gynoecium ex carpellis quinque constans species nova haec est affinis Aconitum sinchiangense W. T. Wang, a quo caulibus glabris, foliis basalibus nullis, racemorum rhachidibus et pedicellis pilis luteis glandulosis tectis, sepalis dorso sparse pilosis margine ciliatis, sepalo supero latiore, petalorum labiis apice erosis, ovariis juventute sparse pilosis differ. In A. sinchiangense, caules sparse puberuli, folia basalia praesentia ca. decem, racemorum rhachides et pedicelli pilis lateis glandulosis carentes, sepala dorso et margine subglabra, sepalum superum angustius, petalorum labia apice emarginata, capella glarbra sunt.

Tubers two, thinly carrot-shaped, 3-5 cm long, 5-14 mm in diam, with many fibrous roots. Stem 30-60 cm tall, simple, glabrous. Leaves all cauline, dense, glabrous, proximal ones petiolate, with petioles 2-4.8 cm long, distal ones shortly petiolate, with petioles 0.5-1.4 cm long; blades orbicular-pentagonal, 2.5-5.8 cm long, 3.5-8 cm broad, 3-sect or 3-parted nearly to base; segments dissected into linear, ultimate lobes 1-2 mm broad with slightly acute apexes and entire margins. Racemes 5-11 cm long, densely 5-16-flowered; basal bracts leaflike, others linear; rachis and pedicels with yellow glandular hairs; pedicels 3-8 mm long; bracteoles subulate, 3-5 mm, with sparse glandular hairs. Sepals 5, purple-blue, upper sepal navicular, 2-2.5 cm high, having short rostrum; abaxially sparsely spreading pubescent, adaxially subglabrous; lateral sepals suborbicular, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous; lower sepals obovate, ca. 1 cm long, 2-5 mm broad, abaxially sparsely pubescent, adaxially glabrous. Petals 2, glabrous, ca. 2.1 cm long; claws robust, ca. 2 cm long, 0.6-1 mm across; limb linear, ca. 7-9 mm long; spur subglobose, 1-1.6 mm long, lips ca. 8 mm long, at apex dilated and erose. Stamens numerous, glabrous; filaments 6-8 mm long; anthers broadly oblong, ca. 0.7 mm long. Carpels 5, with sparse glandular hairs when immature, and glabrescent when mature. Fl. July-August.

新疆(Xinjiang): 乌鲁木齐县,天山一号冰川(Urumqi County, Urumqi Glacier No.1, Tianshan Mountains), alt. 2 680 m, 亚高山草甸(Subalpine meadow), 花蓝紫色(fls. purple-blue), 2016-07-30, 杨宗宗(Z. Z. Yang) 0369 (holotype, PE)。

本種叶全裂片细裂成条形末回裂片,上萼片呈船型,雌蕊群由5枚心皮组成,因此与也具上述特征的新疆乌头(Aconitum sinchiangense W. T. Wang)在亲缘关系上相近,与后者的区别在于本种的茎无毛,基生叶不存在,总状花序轴和花梗被黄色腺毛,萼片背面疏被柔毛,在边缘被缘毛,上萼片较宽,花瓣唇在顶端啮蚀状,子房幼时疏被柔毛。新疆乌头(A. sinchiangense),茎疏被短柔毛,基生叶存在,约10枚,总状花序轴和花梗无黄色腺毛,萼片近无毛,上萼片较狭,花瓣唇在顶端微凹,心皮无毛(王文采,1979;Li & Kadota,2001)。

致谢王文采院士对本文作者在标本鉴定、命名及提供文献给予了极大的帮助,并悉心指导撰文,帮助修改、订正文中错误及疏漏,谨向王文采院士致以衷心的感谢。北京林业大学谢磊先生给予热情帮助;崔楚狄先生为本文精心绘图,在此表示忠心谢意。

参考文献:

LI LQ , KADOT Y, 2001.  Aconitum L. \[M\]// WU ZY, RAVEN PH. Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 6: 149-222.

WANG WT, 1979. Aconitum L. \[M\]// Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press, 27: 113-326. \[王文采, 1979. 乌头属 [M]//中国植物志. 北京: 科学出版社, 27:113-326.\]

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