【译题】制定成功之路：美国STEM教育战略（六）

Pathways to Success（Ⅳ）

Operate with Transparency and Accountability

Transparency requires that the Federal agencies share how they are maximizing outcomes of Federal STEM investments and activities in support of this plan and ensuring broad  benefit  to  the public.

This pathway lays out the interagency efforts to create the capabilities and infrastructure necessary to achieve transparency and accountability and thereby maximize benefits to the public of Federal STEM education policies and investments. There are five objectives under this pathway：

●Leverage and Scale Evidence-Based Practices Across STEM Communities

Evidence on what STEM education programs and practices work for whom and under what conditions can be found across a range of studies， from early knowledge-generating studies， to design and development projects， to rigorous impact evaluations and full-scale implementation of programs， policies， or practices.

After a promising STEM education program， practice， or policy is identified， Federal agencies should build on the existing evidence base and leverage agency resources and funding mechanisms， as available， to scale and implement it more broadly.

Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include： Broadly identify and disseminate effective STEM education programs， practices， and policies， including preK-12 formal and informal， undergraduate， graduate， and lifelong learning.

●Report Participation Rates of Underrepresented Groups

In serving the American public， Federal agencies have a responsibility to provide broad access to their programs and to be accountable for ensuring that Federal activities are fully open and accessible to all members of the population. Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Establish a clear baseline of current status that includes the number of agencies/programs that currently report demographic information， current participation rates of members of underrepresented/underserved groups， and documentation of agencies’ commitment to broadening participation.

·Set goals for improved reporting， particularly for formal and longer-term programs such as those that provide support towards earning a degree.

·Develop a pathway to improved tracking and reporting， with milestones.

●Use Common Metrics to Measure Progress

Developing and implementing common metrics and shared measures for tracking progress towards the attainment of the goals set forth in this plan are essential to realizing the goals of cross-agency coordination and accountability in STEM education and being responsive to legislative requirements.

A number of actions are proposed throughout this plan. In the implementation phase of the plan， agencies will work together to develop appropriate metrics for tracking progress towards the goals and objectives， taking into account the variable nature of Federal programs， investments， and activities. Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Consistently use and report current metrics for assessing the effectiveness of Federal STEM education programs， investments， and activities.

·Develop and report additional metrics needed to measure progress towards the objectives presented in this strategic plan.

●Make Program Performance and Outcomes Publicly Available

Achieving transparency requires not only common metrics that underscore how different agencies’ initiatives complement and support the achievement of the Nation’s STEM education goals， but also a commitment to coordinated communication about agencies’ programs and their effects on STEM literacy， workforce development， and diversity in STEM. Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Inventory and disseminate examples and templates， best practices， and lessons learned for effectively sharing program performance， data， and outcomes with stakeholders.

·Provide a public resource for monitoring Federal program performance and outcomes， such as a dashboard that visually tracks， analyzes， and displays common performance metrics.

●Develop a Federal Implementation Plan and Track Progress

Under the guidance of the FC-STEM Subcommittee， the Federal agencies engaged in STEM education will collaborate to develop a consolidated implementation plan， including additional actions to achieve the goals and objectives described in this strategic plan.

In order to facilitate the development of this interagency implementation plan， an interagency group will be convened shortly after the publication of this plan to develop an implementation template for agencies to provide the information required. Using this template， the member agencies will provide to FC-STEM their agency-specific information to be incorporated into the overall Federal implementation plan. The implementation plan is intended to be a living document， with updates by FC-STEM as needed.

譯文

通往成功的道路（四）

建立信息高度透明和问责制的管理制度

信息高度透明的管理制度要求联邦机构分享如何最大限度地提高联邦STEM投资和活动成果，以支持该计划，并确保广泛造福于公众。

这条途径列出了联邦政府各机构间为实现信息高度透明和问责制所需的能力和基础设施所做的努力，从而使联邦政府的STEM教育政策和投资更有效地服务于公众，真正实现利益最大化。为此还专门提出五个子目标：

●开展STEM领域基于证据的研究及实践

从早期的知识生成研究，到设计和开发项目，再到严格的影响评估和项目、政策或实践的全面实施，联邦政府可以通过一系列研究找到STEM教育项目和实践在何种条件下为谁工作的证据。

在确定一个有前途的STEM教育项目、实践或政策之后，联邦机构应该在现有证据的基础上，利用现有的机构资源和资助机制，扩大并更广泛地实施它。

为了达到该目标，联邦政府需要广泛确定和传播有效的STEM教育项目、实践和政策，包括K-12正式和非正式、本科、研究生和终身学习。

●跟踪不同群体接受STEM教育的参与率

在为美国公众服务的过程中，联邦机构有责任为其项目提供广泛的访问渠道，确保联邦活动完全开放，并向所有公民开放。为了达到这个目标，联邦政府需要：

·建立明确的现状基线，包括目前报告人口统计信息的机构或方案的数量、代表不足或服务不足群体成员的当前参与率，以及机构承诺扩大参与的文件记录。

·为改进报告设定目标，特别是那些正式的和长期的项目，比如那些为获得学位提供支持的项目。

·制定改进跟踪和报告的途径，并设置里程碑。

●制定通用标准规范管理项目进度

为了实现STEM教育中的跨部门协调和问责制，并符合国家立法要求，制定和实施共同的度量标准和措施，以跟踪实现本计划中所列出目标的进展情况，是至关重要的。

在整个计划中提出了若干行动。在计划的实施阶段，各机构将考虑到联邦计划、投资和活动的可变性质，共同制定适当的指标，以跟踪实现目标的进展情况。为了达到这个目标，联邦政府需要：

·始终如一地使用和报告当前评估联邦STEM教育项目、投资和活动有效性的指标。

·制定并报告额外的度量标准，以衡量在实现本战略计划中提出的目标方面的进展。

●公开STEM项目绩效和成果

实现信息高度透明不仅需要强调不同机构的举措如何补充和支持实现国家STEM教育目标中的共同指标，还需要承诺就机构项目及其对STEM素养、劳动力发展和STEM多样性的影响进行协调沟通。为了达到这个目标，联邦政府需要：

·为有效地与利益相关者共享项目性能、数据和结果，盘点并传播示例和模板、最佳实践和经验教训。

·提供用于监视联邦计划性能和结果的公共资源，例如一个仪表板，它可以可视化地跟踪、分析和显示常见的性能指标。

●制定联邦实施计划并跟踪进度

在STEM教育协作特别小组委员会的指导下，从事STEM教育的联邦机构，将合作制定综合实施计划，包括为实现本战略计划中描述的目标和为了达到这些目标而采取的额外行动。

为了促进这一机构间执行计划的拟订，将在该计划公布后不久召集一个机构间小组会议，为各机构拟定一个执行模板，以提供所需信息。利用这个模板，各成员机构将向STEM教育协作特别小组提供其特定机構的信息，以纳入整个联邦实施计划。实施计划将是一个活的文件，并根据需要由STEM教育协作特别小组进行更新。