绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折患者血清β—CTx、PINP水平及意义
2018-11-13占允中叶舟占蓓蕾
占允中 叶舟 占蓓蕾
[摘要] 目的 探討绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折患者血清Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(Type Ⅰ collagen carboxy- terminal peptide β-specific sequence,β-CTx)、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽(Type Ⅰ procollagen N-terminal propeptide,PINP)水平及意义。 方法 选择衢州市人民医院骨科2013年3月~2016年7月绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折患者60例作为腰椎骨折组,绝经后骨质疏松无骨折患者60例作为对照组。测量髋部骨密度、腰椎骨密度和血清β-CTx、PINP水平。 结果 腰椎骨折组和对照组髋部骨密度和腰椎骨密度比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。腰椎骨折组血清β-CTx、PINP水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折与血清β-CTx和PINP呈正相关(P<0.05)。β-CTx阈值为467.68 pg/mL时,诊断绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的ROC曲线下面积、敏感性、特异性分别为0.823、0.86、0.67;PINP阈值为29.34 ng/mL时,诊断绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的ROC曲线下面积、敏感性、特异性分别为0.651、0.89、0.43;β-CTx和PINP联合检测诊断绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的ROC曲线下面积、敏感性、特异性分别为0.891、0.94、0.83。 结论 绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折患者血清β-CTx、PINP水平升高,β-CTx对绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的诊断价值高于PINP,两者联合检测对绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的诊断价值高于两者单独检测。
[关键词] 绝经后;骨质疏松;腰椎骨折;Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列;Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽
[中图分类号] R580;R683 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)20-0009-04
Serum levels of β-CTx and PINP in postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fractures and their significance
ZHAN Yunzhong YE Zhou ZHAN Beilei ZHANG Junchao
Department of Orthopedics, Quzhou People's Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Quzhou 324000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the serum levels of Type Ⅰ collagen carboxy-terminal peptide β-specific sequence(β-CTx) and Type Ⅰ procollagen amino terminal propeptide(PINP) in postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fractures and their significance. Methods 60 patients of postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fractures were selected as lumbar fracture group, and 60 cases of postmenopausal osteoporotic patients without fracture were selected as control group in the Quzhou City People's Hospital orthopedics from March 2013 to July 2016.The bone mineral density, lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density and serum β-CTx and PINP levels were measured. Results There was no significant difference in hip bone mineral density and lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density between the lumbar vertebrae fracture group and the control group(P>0.05). The levels of serum β-CTx and PINP in the lumbar fracture group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fractures were positively correlated with serum β-CTx and serum PINP(P<0.05). When the β-CTx threshold was 467.68 pg/mL, the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity of β-CTx diagnosis the postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fracture postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fractures were 0.823, 0.86 and 0.67 respectively. When the P1NP threshold was 29.34ng/mL, the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity of PINP diagnosis the postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fracture postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fractures were 0.651, 0.89, 0.43 respectively. The area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity of β-CTx and PINP diagnosis the postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fracture postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fractures were 0.891, 0.94 and 0.83, respectively. Conclusion The serum β-CTx, PINP levels in patients with postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fractures increase. The diagnostic value of β-CTx on postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar fractures is higher than PINP. The diagnostic value of the combined detection of β-CTx and PINP on menopausal osteoporotic lumbar fracture is higher than the two separate tests.
[Key words] Postmenopausal; Osteoporosis; Lumbar fracture; Type Ⅰ collagen carboxy terminal peptide β special sequence; Type Ⅰ procollagen amino terminal propeptide
骨质疏松症是一种慢性疾病,其特征为骨代谢物增加、骨密度下降、骨微结构破坏,随着人口的老年化的加剧和生活方式的改变,骨质疏松症的发生率明显增加[1-3];骨质疏松症在绝经后老年妇女中的发病率比较高,成为影响绝经后妇女健康的严重问题,绝经后骨质疏松在绝经后10年左右好发,发病年龄在50~70岁女性中多见[4]。绝经后骨质疏松性骨折是绝经后骨质疏松常见的并发症之一,常见的骨折部位为髋部骨折、椎体骨折和前臂骨折等[5]。β-CTx为细胞外基质中的胶原纤维降解产物,可反映骨基质降解速率[6];PINP可反映Ⅰ型胶原合成速率和成骨活性[7]。本文对绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折患者血清β-CTx、PINP水平进行检测,探讨其在绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折诊断中的价值。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料
选择衢州市人民医院骨科2013年3月~2016年7月绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折患者60例作为腰椎骨折组,年龄58~74岁,平均(66.43±7.68)岁;绝经后骨质疏松无骨折患者60例作为对照组,年龄60~76岁,平均(68.09±7.80)岁。腰椎骨折组和对照组年龄、体重、身高、体重指数比较差异无显著性,见表1。
纳入标准:腰椎骨折组患者为腰椎新鲜骨折,两组均为女性,自然绝经,资料完整,签署知情同意书,经伦理委员会批准。排除标准:糖尿病,高血压,心血管疾病,类风湿性关节炎、甲状旁腺功能亢进、甲状腺功能亢进、骨肿瘤等骨代谢性疾病,腰椎手术者,陈旧性骨折,高处跌落、车祸等创伤引起的腰椎压缩性骨折,服用激素及抗骨质疏松药物者,资料不全者,拒绝参与者。
1.2 研究方法
髋部骨密度和腰椎骨密度測定:采用双能X射线骨密度检测仪(QDR4500c/w,购自美国HOLOGIC公司)测量髋部骨密度和腰椎骨密度。
血清β-CTx、PINP水平测定:抽取患者外周空腹静脉血,血清β-CTx、PINP水平采用Cobas e601酶标仪(美国罗氏公司)邻甲酚酞络合酮法测定(试剂盒购自中生北控生物科技有限公司)。
1.3 统计学方法
采用SPSS20.0软件分析,计量资料以(x±s)表示,采用t检验,相关性采用二分类Logistic回归相关分析,诊断价值采用ROC曲线分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 腰椎骨折组和对照组髋部骨密度和腰椎骨密度比较
腰椎骨折组和对照组髋部骨密度和腰椎骨密度比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。见表2。
2.2 腰椎骨折组和对照组血清β-CTx、PINP水平比较
腰椎骨折组血清β-CTx、PINP水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。见表3。
2.3 腰椎骨折与血清β-CTx、PINP水平相关性分析
绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折与血清β-CTx、PINP呈正相关(P<0.05)。见表4。
2.4 血清β-CTx、PINP水平诊断绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的价值
以血清β-CTx、PINP水平为自变量,以分组为因变量绘制ROC曲线,β-CTx阈值为467.68 pg/mL时,诊断绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的ROC曲线下面积、敏感性、特异性分别为0.823、0.86、0.67;PINP阈值为29.34 ng/mL时,诊断绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的ROC曲线下面积、敏感性、特异性分别为0.651、0.89、0.43;β-CTx和PINP联合检测诊断绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的ROC曲线下面积、敏感性、特异性分别为0.891、0.94、0.83。见表5。
3 讨论
随着中国社会进入老龄化,骨质疏松症作为一种老年人的常见病,尤其是绝经后女性的发病率比较高,对患者健康造成严重威胁。骨密度是诊断骨质疏松症的金标准,当患者骨密度低于同性别人群峰值骨量均值2.5个标准差以上,诊断为骨质疏松。但骨密度发生变化一般在1~2年才被发现,不适合骨质疏松症的短期随访[8-9]。骨骼生物标志物分为骨吸收标志物和骨形成标志物,是一类源于骨细胞或骨基质的代谢指标,在骨质疏松症的诊断中具有重要意义,可以检测骨质疏松症患者的治疗效果,还可对骨质疏松性骨折的风险进行预测[10]。骨质疏松性骨折是指原发性骨质疏松症引起骨质量和骨密度下降,骨强度降低,使骨质疏松症患者即使受到轻微暴力即可发生的骨折,骨质疏松性骨折是骨质疏松症最严重的并发症[11]。因此探讨骨质疏松性骨折诊断标志物具有重要意义,可为骨质疏松性骨折的诊治提供依据。
骨代谢标志物可以预测骨质疏松性骨折风险,骨基质在骨代谢过程中进行着有序的分解和合成,Ⅰ型胶原在骨中合成并同时被分解为碎片进入血液循环,在骨质疏松症时,骨吸收增加,Ⅰ型胶原降解增加,相应的胶原降解片段在血液中的含量增加[12-13],β-CTx是重要的Ⅰ型胶原分解片段,受性别、年龄、民族、季节、饮食、骨折、是否绝经等因素影响[14]。β-CTx可以反映骨骼代谢的状态,也可评估骨质疏松症的治疗效果[15-16]。绝大部分骨基质由1型胶原质组成,Ⅰ型原骨胶原有羧基和氨基延长端,一个胶原分子的合成可产生一个分子的PINP,因此PINP为骨形成标志物,是特异性的Ⅰ型胶原物质沉积标志物[17-18],可以很好的反映骨骼代谢状态和骨质疏松症的治疗效果,是敏感性比较高的骨转化代谢标志物[19-21]。
血清β-CTx、PINP均可預测骨骼代谢状态,那么两者是否对绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折具有预测价值?本文对其进行研究,结果发现绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折患者血清β-CTx、PINP水平高于绝经后骨质疏松无骨折患者,绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折与血清β-CTx、PINP呈正相关,β-CTx和PINP在绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的诊断中具有一定价值,其中β-CTx诊断绝经后骨质疏松症性骨折的ROC曲线下面积为0.823,高于PINP对绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的诊断价值(ROC曲线下面积为0.651),两者联合检测对绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的诊断价值最高,ROC曲线下面积为0.891。研究结果表明骨质疏松性腰椎骨折患者破骨细胞比较活跃,随着患者骨量的不断丢失,可引起脆性骨折的发生。骨代谢指标可以作为骨吸收率和骨形成率的替代标志物,其价值优于临床骨折风险因素和骨密度,骨代谢指标的血清浓度可以反映骨骼的重塑活性,作为评估骨折风险指标具有重要价值。β-CTx作为特异性的Ⅰ型胶原降解产物,Ⅰ型胶原在破骨细胞活性增强时降解增加,从而引起血清β-CTx水平升高;PINP在形成纤维时和Ⅰ型胶原分子等比例释放进入血液循环,血清PINP水平高低可反映血清中Ⅰ型胶原水平,血清PINP水平升高表示骨转换活跃,Ⅰ型胶原合成速率增加。β-CTx和PINP在绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的诊断中具有重要意义,可用于预测绝经后骨质疏松性骨折的发生风险,两者联合检测对绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折的预测价值更大,因此建议对绝经后骨质疏松症患者定期检查β-CTx和PINP水平,及早预测并干预骨折的发生。
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(收稿日期:2017-12-26)