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引导学生学会猜测英语生词的做法

2018-06-16陈翠香

关键词:做法课外阅读英语教学

陈翠香

摘 要:阅读是一种独立的、主动的、有目的的阅读学习,是一个获取信息并解决问题的逻辑思维过程,是一个理解辨别的过程。为了更好地培养学生阅读能力和猜词能力,本文探讨了利用已有的知识经验、利用构词法、利用上下文等语言学习技巧来猜测辨析词义,以保持流畅快速的阅读心态,加快理解辨别的过程。

关键词:英语教学;课外阅读;关键技能;做法

中图分类号:G633.41 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1992-7711(2018)09-038-1

一、利用构词法猜测生词的含义

1、利用构词法中的词缀法猜测生词的含义

英语中的词缀不计其数。前缀一般不改变原有的词性,只改变词义;而后缀通常要改变词性,但词义基本上和原来的词根意义一致。

When he reached the place with his army,he found an impassable river in front of him.

例句中的“impassable”前后都加附了词缀,前缀im为否定意义“not”,后缀“able”为“可能”,意义是“can”。根据词根“pass”(通过)的含义可推测该词意为“无法通过的”。

2.利用构词法中的合成法(compounding)猜测生词的含义

合成词可以用连字符将词合二为一,也可不用连字符。有合成名词、形容词、动词和副词。试看下列合成词在句中的含义。

Saint Valentines Day is a time of happiness for lovers.Boys like to give girls flowers as presents.On that day,he came to see me with a forgetmenot in his hand.

由句中“情人节”情侣送花的信息,“forgetmenot”可推测为一种花,直译为“忘我不了”。而花卉知识提示此花应为“勿忘我”,可用来表达情侣间的情意缠绵。

3.利用构词法中的转化法猜测生词的含义

通常有名词和动词的相互转化,形容词转化为名词或动词。转化过程中词形不变,词义偶有变化。尤其是词性的根本性转化使词义要根据转化后该词的句法功能作相应的理解和猜测。

I cant imagine a move. Ive really been enjoying the job.

例句中“move”由动词“移动”、“搬动”,根据句子意思转化为名词“挪个地方”、“换份工作”。

二、利用课文中特定词汇线索猜测生词含义

1.利用定义线索特征

常有be, be called, mean, refer to, be defined as等词语来提示。例1:Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.

2.利用解释说明线索特征

常有that is ( to say) , in other words,namely, or等词语来提示或者利用同位语或定语从句来解释。例:He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway.

3.利用举例线索特征

常有for example, for instance, such as, like, as*as 等词语来提示。例:You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools,or English Learning.

4.利用对比关系线索特征

常有but, how ever, while, unlike, in contrast, on the contrary, instead, despite等。例:Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. H is brother, in contrast, is quite humble(谦虚的) and modest.

三、利用上下文线索猜测生词的含义

1.利用上下文线索的同义(近义)关系和反义关系(Synonymy and Antonymy)

Their friends laughed at them, and the sisters felt wretched, very unhappy. One of them even cried and sobbed.

从例句中“very unhappy”和“cried”得知被人嘲笑的姐妹们“感到不幸”“哭了起来”。由此可推断是因为她们“感到痛苦”(felt wretched),才会有人“抽噎”(sobbed)。

2.利用上下文线索的对比关系(comparison)和矛盾关系(contradiction)

Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning.Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

通過句中两个由“some people...”引起的句子内容的不同结局对比,可以推测“conversely”为“相反地”。

3.利用上下文线索的词的关系(word relation)和短语、句子重述(rephrasing and restatement)

Skim before you read.This means looking over a passage quickly before you begin to read it more carefully.

例句中“This means...”句子重述skim的解释,可推测该词意为“浏览”、“快读”或“略读”。

4.利用上下文线索中的相关知识信息和已有的知识经验(information and experience)

My parents went out and got a new TV.That afternoon an antenna was put on the roof.

能够架在屋顶上并且与新购置的电视有关系的显然是用于接收信号的电视“天线”(antenna)。

在教学中我们利用这些方法,同学们阅读能力明显增强,在上次期末考试中,全班45名学生在阅读部分得分率超过80%。

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