脂联素、MMP-9水平与妊娠高血压子痫前期围产儿结局相关性研究
2017-12-21龙宁刘跃辉刘先平罗岳西
龙宁 刘跃辉 刘先平 罗岳西
(1.南充市中心医院产科;2.南充市中心医院骨科,四川南充 637000)
脂联素、MMP-9水平与妊娠高血压子痫前期围产儿结局相关性研究
龙宁1刘跃辉2刘先平1罗岳西1
(1.南充市中心医院产科;2.南充市中心医院骨科,四川南充 637000)
目的:分析脂联素、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平与妊娠高血压子痫前期(PE)围产儿结局的相关性,探讨其临床参考价值。方法:157例PE孕妇分为轻度PE组(n=64)、重度PE组(n=93),选取同期60名正常孕妇,纳入对照组。检测各组孕妇血清脂联素及胎盘MMP-9水平,并就其与围产儿5 min Apgar评分、体质量及胎盘质量的相关性进行分析。结果:PE组孕妇血清脂联素及胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达均低于对照组,随着孕妇病情加重,其血清脂联素及胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达进一步下降,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PE孕妇围产儿5 min Apgar评分、出生体质量及胎盘质量均低于对照组,随着孕妇病情加重,其围产儿5 min Apgar评分、出生体质量及胎盘质量进一步下降,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示血清脂联素水平、胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达均与围产儿结局呈正相关(P<0.05),随着孕妇血清脂联素水平、胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达的下降,围产儿5 min Apgar评分、出生体质量及胎盘质量均有所下降。结论:血清脂联素水平、胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达均与妊娠高血压PE围产儿结局密切相关,可据此评估围产儿结局并予以早期干预。
脂联素;基质金属蛋白酶-9;妊娠高血压;子痫前期;围产儿结局
高血压子痫前期(pre-eclampsia,PE)孕妇除血压升高外还存在不同程度的蛋白尿及水肿症状,严重者可出现抽搐、昏迷、肾衰竭,常可引起母儿不良结局[1]。世界范围内,妊娠高血压PE的发病率约为2%~8%,但目前关于该病病因及发病机制尚无明确解释,故仍缺乏一套预测围产儿结局、指导干预策略的特异性指标[2]。研究发现,滋养细胞侵入障碍和子宫动脉扩张不足可能是导致子宫胎盘循环高阻抗的主要原因,而脂联素和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)均与这一病理过程具有密切关联[3]。此次研究就上述指标与妊娠高血压PE围产儿结局的相关性进行分析,希望为PE发病机制的了解与围产儿结局的预测提供新思路。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
入选标准:1)参照第八版《妇产科学》中相关标准确诊[4];2)单胎妊娠。排除:1)非单胎妊娠及辅助生殖技术受孕者;2)合并妊娠期糖尿病等其他妊娠期并发症;3)合并原发性慢性高血压、肾脏疾病、免疫性疾病等内外科疾病。按照上述标准筛选2014年7月至2016年7月孕妇,157例妊娠高血压PE孕妇(PE组)符合标准,选取同期60名正常孕妇作为对照组(NC组)。两组孕妇年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、孕周、孕次、产次等一般临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本临床研究已征得我院医学伦理委员会批准,受试者均知情同意并签署知情同意书。
按照孕妇子痫程度分组标准[5],分为轻度PE组、重度PE组。轻度PE为妊娠20周后出现收缩压≥140 mmHg和(或)舒张压≥90 mmHg,伴蛋白尿≥0.3 g/24 h或随机尿蛋白≥(+);出现下述任意不良情况即可判定重度PE:①血压持续升高,收缩压≥160 mmHg和(或)舒张压≥110 mmhg;②蛋白尿≥2.0 g/24 h或随机尿蛋白≥(++);③血清肌酐≥1.2 mg/dL;④血小板<100×109/L;⑤微血管病性溶血;⑥血清转氨酶水平升高;⑦持续上腹部疼痛;⑧持续头痛或视觉障碍。197例中共93例重度PE,64例轻度PE。
1.2 分析方法
抽取各组孕妇分娩前空腹静脉血,并于胎盘娩出后在脐带附着处的母体面取1 cm×1 cm×1 cm胎盘组织,分别使用体外放射免疫分析法、实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应技术法,对血清脂联素水平、胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达进行定量检测[6]。比较各组孕妇血清脂联素、胎盘MMP-9检测结果,数据以SPSS18.0处理,并运用Pearson法,分析其与围产儿5 min Apgar评分、体质量及胎盘质量的相关性,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 各组孕妇血清脂联素、胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达比较
PE孕妇血清脂联素及胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达均低于对照组,随着孕妇病情加重,其血清脂联素及胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达进一步下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
表1 3组孕妇血清脂联素、胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达比较()
表1 3组孕妇血清脂联素、胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达比较()
注:与轻度PE组比较,*P<0.05;与重度PE组比较,#P<0.05
指标 轻度PE(n=64)重度PE(n=93) 对照组(n=60)脂联素(mg/L) 13.26±4.10 9.65±2.32* 15.68±2.74*#MMP-9 蛋白 0.17±0.03 0.26±0.05* 0.37±0.05*#
2.2 3组围产儿结局及相关性
PE孕妇围产儿5 min Apgar评分、出生体质量及胎盘质量均低于对照组,随着孕妇病情加重,其围产儿5 min Apgar评分、出生体质量及胎盘质量进一步下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。Pearson相关性分析处理结果,血清脂联素水平、胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达均与围产儿结局呈正相关(P<0.05),即随着孕妇血清脂联素水平、胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达的下降,围产儿5 min Apgar评分(r=0.575,r=0.496)、出生体质量(r=0.481,r=0.433)及胎盘质量(r=0.609,r=0.528)均有所下降。
表2 3组围产儿结局比较()
表2 3组围产儿结局比较()
注:与轻度PE组比较,*P<0.05;与重度PE组比较,#P<0.05
指标 轻度PE(n=64) 重度PE(n=93) 对照组(n=60)5 min Apgaer评分(分) 8.75±1.14 7.60±1.58* 9.76±0.71*#出生体质量(g) 2724.58±531.60 1526.03±281.83*3307.35±465.20*#胎盘质量(g) 420.57±61.69 287.24±53.09* 577.48±70.82*#
3 讨论
PE常并发胎儿宫内缺氧、宫内生长受限、医源性早产、远期智力缺陷,因此,在本病妊娠及治疗过程中,如何尽早发现、及时评估胎儿宫内情况,对于探索PE发病规律、寻求疾病的早期防治策略均具有重要意义[7]。PE的发生发展过程,由多种细胞因子间共同作用[8]。其中,脂联素是一种含有244个氨基酸残基的激素蛋白,主要由白色脂肪组织中成熟脂肪细胞产生,并可表达于肝脏、心肌细胞、骨骼肌、结肠、唾液腺等多个部位。脂联素可通过两种不同的跨膜转运受体,参与机体能量和代谢平衡过程,并在抗炎、抗氧化、抗动脉粥样硬化等环节发挥重要作用[9]。亦有学者发现,脂联素可抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)活性,达到调节血压和血管的作用,即脂联素水平的升高往往伴随着内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的激活与一氧化氮(NO)的合成,而NO是调节正常妊娠及PE血压、血管功能的重要物质[11-12]。本研究中PE孕妇血清脂联素水平明显降低,且其病情越重,脂联素水平降低越明显,机制可能与脂联素水平下降所致抗炎、抗氧化能力不足,滋养层细胞浸润障碍加剧,血管内皮功能下降,NO合成不足有关[13]。
胚胎发育至2~3周时,胎盘、绒毛内血管开始形成,母体-胎盘-胎儿循环逐步开始建立,这一过程伴随着胎盘滋养细胞向子宫蜕膜层、肌层、血管的演变,而在PE孕妇中,滋养细胞的浸润仅局限在子宫蜕膜层,部分螺旋动脉甚至无滋养细胞浸润[14-15]。在滋养细胞的浸润过程中,MMP-9可发挥水解胶原组织、重塑基质结构作用,对于胚泡的着床具有重要意义[16]。然而,此次研究在胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达水平的检测中,发现PE孕妇胎盘组织MMP-9蛋白表达水平显著低于正常孕妇,说明MMP-9蛋白表达水平随着PE患者胎盘组织中滋养细胞侵袭能力的下降而逐渐降低[17],随着孕妇病情加重,其血清脂联素及胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达进一步下降,与上述结论相符。同时,MMP-9表达水平的下降不仅预示着胎盘滋养细胞侵袭能力的降低,也意味着胎盘着床过浅、血流灌注不足,最终可引发母体系统性内皮损伤,并对围产儿结局造成不良影响[18]。
本研究Pearson相关性分析显示血清脂联素水平、胎盘MMP-9蛋白表达水平均与PE孕妇围产儿结局具有密切相关性,可关注其在围产儿结局的预测及早期干预中的应用。
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Study on the correlation among adiponectin, MMP-9 level and perinatal outcome in preeclampsia for pregnancy-induced hypertension
LONG Ning1, LIU Yuehui2, LIU Xianping1, LUO Yuexi1. (1.Department of obstetrics,Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000 china;2. Department of orthopedics, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000 china)
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation among adiponectin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level and perinatal outcome in preeclampsia (PE) for pregnancy-induced hypertension,and to explore its clinical reference value. Methods: A total sample of 157 cases of PE pregnant women were divided into the mild PE group (n=64) and the severe PE group (n=93), and another 60 normal pregnant women in the same period were selected and included in the control group. The levels of serum adiponectin and placental MMP-9 were detected in all groups, and the correlation between the serum adiponectin level, placental MMP-9 level, and the 5 min Apgar scores, body weight and placental weight of perinatal infants was analyzed. Results: The serum adiponectin and placental MMP-9 protein expression in the PE group were lower than those in the control group. With the aggravation of the pregnant women’s condition, the serum adiponectin and placental MMP-9 protein expression decreased further,and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The 5 min Apgar scores, birth body weight and placental weight of pregnant women and perinatal infants were lower than those in the control group. With the aggravation of the pregnant women's condition, the 5 min Apgar scores, birth body weight and placental weight of perinatal infants decreased further, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum adiponectin level and placental MMP-9 protein expression were both positively correlated with perinatal outcome (P<0.05). With the decrease of serum adiponectin level and placental MMP-9 protein expression in pregnant women, the 5 min Apgar scores, the birth body weight and the placental weight of perinatal infants all decreased. Conclusions: The serum adiponectin level and placental MMP-9 protein expression are closely related to perinatal outcome of pregnancy-induced hypertension PE perinatal infants. On these grounds, the perinatal outcome can be evaluated and early intervention can be given.
adiponectin; MMP-9; pregnancy-induced hypertension; preeclampsia; perinatal outcome
R714.252
A
2095-5200(2017)06-070-03
10.11876/mimt201706028
龙宁,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:妇产围产临床,Email:hhuh198142@sohu.com。