医务人员焦虑和抑郁状况及其影响因素分析
2017-12-07朱俊鹏仇雅菊廖峥娈谭云飞于恩彦
朱俊鹏 仇雅菊 廖峥娈 谭云飞 于恩彦
[摘要] 目的 评估医务人员焦虑和抑郁水平,并探索其影响因素。 方法 采用问卷调查法,于2016年10月1~30日对杭州某三甲医院医务人员进行一般状况、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、睡眠质量指数问卷、Maslach职业倦怠量表、社会支持评定量表和工作满意度调查表评估,应用Logistic回归分析,寻找焦虑和抑郁的相关风险。 结果 总计收集有效问卷863例,身体健康状况良好(OR=0.45)、临床工作(OR=0.18)和无睡眠障碍(OR=0.27)为焦虑的保护性因素,非自主选择职业(OR=1.53)和高职业倦怠(OR=2.79)为危险因素。对于抑郁而言,其中身体健康状况良好(OR=0.57)、社会支持总分高(OR=0.60)、未婚(OR=0.46)和无睡眠障碍(OR=0.26)为保护性因素,高职业倦怠(OR=3.42)为危险因素。 结论 医务人员焦虑和抑郁问题日益突出。自身健康状况差、职业倦怠和存在睡眠障碍是焦虑和抑郁共同的危险因素,婚姻状况、职业性质和是否自主选择职业对医务人员焦虑和抑郁的影响值得进一步探讨。
[关键词] 医务人员;焦虑;抑郁;危险因素;职业倦怠
[中图分类号] R173 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)36-0094-04
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the level of anxiety and depression in medical staff and to explore the influencing factors. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted from October 1 to October 30, 2016. The general situation, SAS, SDS, sleep quality index questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Scale, Social Support Rating Scale and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire were evaluated among the medical staff in one tier III hospital in Hangzhou. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the related risk of anxiety and depression. Results A total of 863 valid questionnaires were collected. Good physical health (OR=0.45), clinical work (OR=0.18) and no sleep disorders (OR=0.27) were protective factors for anxiety. Non-autonomous job selection(OR=1.53) and high job burnout(OR=2.79) were risk factors. For depression, good physical health(OR=0.57), high social support score (OR=0.60), unmarried (OR=0.46) and no sleep disorders (OR=0.26) were protective factors, and high job burnout(OR=3.42) was a risk factor. Conclusion Medical staff have outstanding anxiety and depression problems. Their poor health status, job burnout and sleep disorders are common risk factors for anxiety and depression. The impact of marital status, occupation and whether or not the career is chosen by themselves on the anxiety and depression of medical staff should be further explored.
[Key words] Medical staff; Anxiety; Depression; Risk factors; Occupational burnout
醫务人员的心理健康是一个受到普遍关注的话题[1],有国外Meta分析认为,住院医师出现抑郁或抑郁症状的概率约为28.8%[2],国内亦有调查发现,医务人员中36.3%处于抑郁状态[3]。可见医务人员的身心健康状况值得重视,而焦虑和抑郁作为最常见的心理健康问题,尤其需要关注。既往国内相关研究大多应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行评估[4,5]。作为综合评定量表,SCL-90有助于了解医务人员整体的心理健康状况,但对其焦虑和抑郁筛查缺乏针对性。而进一步进行相关因素探索,也多局限于单因素分析,这在大样本下多能得出显著性结果,如王香平等[6]对北京医务人员的调查发现年龄、性别、文化程度、职称、工龄、工作形式、科室、专业、行政职务等均对其心理健康状况有影响,结论较为宽泛,缺乏指导价值。本研究旨在通过多因素非条件Logistic回归分析探讨医务人员抑郁和焦虑发生的危险因素,提高对医务人员焦虑和抑郁的认识。现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
于2016年10月1~30日,在杭州市某综合性三级甲等医院随机发放问卷,对在职医务人员进行调查,包括医生、护士、医技人员及行政后勤人员。所有人员近一个月需正常工作,排除存在重大躯体疾病或精神疾病者。总计发放问卷1000份,回收问卷917份。剔除存在基础信息缺失,如年龄、性别、婚姻状况、职称信息等,或单项问卷漏项3项及以上。最终获得有效问卷863份。其中,男182例,平均年龄(36.28±9.37)岁;女681例,平均年龄(31.14±7.90)岁;医生187例,护士544例,医技110例,行政后勤22例;中专及高中15例,专科148例,本科544例,硕士研究生120例,博士研究生36例;初级职称481例,中级286例,副高63例,正高33例;未婚291例,已婚572例。