(1)
其中函数ρ:[0,1]→[0,1] 满足ρ(0)=0,ρ(1)=1,当x>y时ρ(x)≥ρ(y),则称G 是连续区间数据的OWG算子,简称为C-OWGD算子。ρ(x)称为基本的单位区间单调(BUM)函数。
定义6设[(si,αi),(sj,αj)]为区间二元语义,0<Δ-1(si,αi)<Δ-1(sj,αj),且
gρ([(si,αi),(sj,αj)])=Δ(Gρ([Δ-1(si,αi),Δ-1(sj,αj)]))
(2)
则称g是连续区间二元语义的OWG算子,简称为ITC-OWG算子。其中ρ(x)为基本的BUM函数。
在引入ρ(x)的态度参数后,可以得到gρ([(si,αi),(sj,αj)])的另一表达式
gρ([(si,αi),(sj,αj)])=Δ((Δ-1(sj,αj))λ(Δ-1(si,αi)1-λ))
(3)
(4)
由式(3)可以看出,ITC-OWG算子可以表示成区间二元语义[(si,αi),(sj,αj)]两个端点的加权几何平均形式。
文献[10]将GOWA算子和实数间距离测度相结合,提出了有序加权距离(OWD)算子的概念。
(5)
其中d(aj,bj)=|aj-bj|,j=1,2,…,n,且σ(1),σ(2),…,σ(n)是(1,2,…,n)的一个置换,满足d(aσ(j-1),bσ(j-1))≥d(aσ(j),bσ(j)),参数τ>0。
(6)
(7)
(8)
在(8)式中,当参数τ取不同的数值时,可以得到很多特殊的距离算子。
当τ=1时, ITC-OWGD 算子退化为区间二元语义C-OWGD算子距离的有序加权海明距离(ITC-OWGHD)算子:
(9)
当τ=2时, ITC-OWGD 算子退化为区间二元语义C-OWGD算子距离的有序加权欧几里得距离(ITC-OWGED)算子:
(10)
当τ→0时, ITC-OWGD 算子退化为区间二元语义C-OWGD算子距离的有序加权几何距离(IT-COWGGD)算子:
(11)
易证ITC-OWGD算子具有如下性质。
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
1.3ITC-OWGD算子的推广
根据文献[19],可以利用拟算术平均替代广义平均,对ITC-OWGD算子作进一步推广,得到拟算术IT-COWGD算子。
(18)
当函数f(x)=xτ时,Quasi-ITC-OWGD 算子即退化为ITC-OWGD 算子,可知ITC-OWGD 算子为Quasi-ITC-OWGD 算子的一个特例。
2 多属性群决策应用
表1 理想方案
基于ITC-OWGD算子的多属性群决策方法具体步骤如下。
(19)
(20)
(21)
由文献[20]中思想,可定义如下相似度概念:
(22)
其中k=1,2,…,t,i=1,2,…,m,j=1,2,…,n。
(23)
同理,也可得到属性权重w=(w1,w2,…,wn)T如下,
(24)
(25)
(26)
3 实例分析
表2 专家D1给出的决策评估矩阵表3 专家D2给出的决策评估矩阵R1=C1C2C3C4X1X2X3X4[s71,s73][s71,s72][s71,s72][s73,s75][s73,s75][s71,s73][s71,s72][s71,s73][s74,s75][s71,s74][s71,s73][s71,s72][s72,s73][s72,s75][s72,s74][s72,s73]æèççççöø÷÷÷÷R2=C1C2C3C4X1X2X3X4[s51,s52][s51,s53][s51,s52][s51,s53][s52,s53][s51,s52][s51,s53][s51,s53][s51,s53][s51,s52][s51,s53][s52,s53][s51,s52][s52,s53][s51,s53][s51,s52]æèççççöø÷÷÷÷
表4专家D3给出的决策评估矩阵
表5 属性理想值
下面根据本文提出的方法对4个考评地方进行排序和择优。
表10专家D1的距离矩阵d1
表11专家D2的距离矩阵d2
表12专家D3的距离矩阵d3
根据式 (22) 、(23) 和 (24),可得到
相似度为:Sim1=0.6558,Sim2= 0.7351,Sim3= 0.6091;
投资顾问权重为:ω1=0.3279,ω2=0.3675,ω3=0.3046;
属性权重为:w1=0.2385,w2=0.2458,w3=0.2651,w4=0.2506.
这里T-GOWA算子中的系数τ=3。
则对4个考评地方进行排序得X3≻X4≻X2≻X1,则可持续发展最优城市为A3。
由前面分析知,当ITC-OWGD 算子中参数τ取一些特定的数值时,可以得到很多特殊的距离算子,相应的,排序结果也将发生变化,如表18所示。
表18 各种距离算子下的排序结果
图1 参数τ对考核评估结果的影响
由图1知,随着τ的变化,考评结果的排序也在变化:
(1)当τ∈(0,6.5634]时,考评地的排序为X3≻X4≻X2≻X1,可持续发展最优城市为X3;
(2)当τ∈(6.5634,11.4235]时,考评地的排序为X3≻X4≻X1≻X2,可持续发展最优城市为X3;
(3)当τ∈(11.4235,20]时,考评地的排序为X3≻X1≻X4≻X2,可持续发展最优城市为X3.
4 结束语
本文基于C-OWGD算子定义了一种新的区间二元语义距离,将其拓展到语言环境下的有序加权距离(OWD)算子中,提出了基于区间二元语义C-OWGD算子距离的有序加权距离(ITC-OWGD)算子,探讨了该算子的一些性质和特例,并提出了一种基于ITC-OWGD算子的区间二元语义多属性群决策方法。该方法的优点是综合考虑了每个决策者给出的方案和最优方案间的距离测度,且给出了求解决策者权重和属性权重的公式,决策者还可以根据偏好选取不同的参数从而获得多种排序结果。最后,通过实例分析,说明了本文方法的有效性和可行性。
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ContinuousOrderedWeightedGeometricDistance(C-OWGD)OperatorforInterval-valued2-tupleLinguisticInformationandItsApplicationstoMultipleAttributeGroupDecisionMaking
LIU Xi1,MENG Xiang-wang1,CHEN Hua-you2
(1. Department of Basic Courses, Anhui Occupational College of City Management, Hefei 230011; 2. School of Mathematical Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China)
A group decision making method based on interval-valued 2-tuple linguistic information and distance measure is developed. Firstly, a new interval-valued 2-tuple linguistic distance measure based on the C-OWG operator is defined. Secondly, the interval-valued 2-tuple linguistic continuous ordered weighted geometric distance (ITC-OWGD) operator is proposed, which combines the new distance measure with the ordered weighted distance (OWD) operator under linguistic environment. Simultaneously, some desired properties and different special cases of the ITC-OWGD operator are also investigated. Furthermore, a method of MAGDM under interval-valued 2-tuple linguistic environment is proposed based on ITC-OWGD operator. The merits are in two respects: 1) the proposed method can be used to deal with the situations, where decision makers’ weights and attributes’ weights are completely unknown; 2) two simple and exact formulas are used to determine the weighting vector of decision makers and the weighting vector of attributes.
multiple attribute group decision making; distance measure; interval-valued 2-tuple linguistic information; C-OWGD operator
2017-07-10
2017-09-20
安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2015A379),安徽省高等学校自然科学研究项目(KJ2015A065),合肥师范学院人才科研启动基金(2017rcjj03)资助。
刘 兮(1986— ),女,安徽寿县人, 安徽城市管理职业学院公共教学部讲师,博士,研究方向:组合预测、决策和评价分析;孟祥旺(1985— ),男,山东微山人, 安徽城市管理职业学院公共教学部助教,硕士,研究方向:时滞控制系统;陈华友 (1969— ),男,安徽和县人,安徽大学数学科学学院教授,博士生导师,研究方向:预测和决策分析。
O159
A
2096-2371(2017)05-0001-11
[责任编辑:张永军]