APP下载

pN0胃癌淋巴结微转移临床意义的研究

2017-09-15黄允宁赵良玉李智勇封存志

宁夏医学杂志 2017年8期
关键词:分化引物胃癌

赵 帅,黄允宁,赵良玉,卢 林,李智勇,封存志

·论 著·

pN0胃癌淋巴结微转移临床意义的研究

赵 帅1,黄允宁2,赵良玉2,卢 林2,李智勇2,封存志1

目的探索联合使用RT-PCR及免疫组织化学染色法(IHC)同时检测胃癌淋巴结微转移(LNM),分析胃癌淋巴结微转移对胃癌临床诊治的影响。方法选取接受手术的pN0期胃癌患者32例。应用IHC和RT-PCR法联合检测术后淋巴结CK20的表达,分析LNM与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、分化程度等临床病理资料的关系。结果经IHC法检测出6例患者、共14个淋巴结中CK20阳性,LNM阳性率为21.87%;经RT-PCR法检测出10例患者、共23个淋巴结中CK20 mRNA阳性,LNM阳性率为31.25%。两种方法均为阳性的患者7例,RT-PCR法呈阳性而IHC阴性的患者4例,IHC结果阳性而RT-PCR法阴性患者1例。此研究共检出11例患者存在LNM。不同分化程度pN0期胃癌LNM间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),低分化胃癌较中-高分化胃癌更易出现LNM。结论胃癌LNM与分化程度有关,低分化胃癌较中-高分化胃癌更易出现微转移,临床医生给低分化胃癌患者采用缩小手术治疗方式时需慎重。IHC和RT-PCR法联合检测胃癌INM可提高微转移的检出率。

胃癌;微转移;CK20;免疫组化法;RT-PCR法

淋巴结转移的严重程度与胃癌术后病情发展呈负相关性[1]。临床医生发现即使接受D2根治手术,术后经常规病理染色(HE染色)诊断为pN0期的患者,仍然存在术后复发,甚至因此而死亡。有学者研究提出淋巴结微转移(LNM)可能是导致这一现象的一个主要原因[2]。随着分子检测技术的探索、发现及应用,免疫组织化学染色技术和RT-PCR技术已成为一个成熟的可进行LNM检测的分子技术。本研究选取胃腺癌患者术后经常规病理诊断为pN0淋巴结蜡块作为检测标本,采用IHC和RT-PCR法共同检测其中CK20的表达,分析胃癌淋巴结微转移与胃癌患者临床病理资料的相关性,探讨胃癌LNM对临床诊治的影响。

1 资料与方法

1.1 研究对象:选取2013年1月-2016年9月在宁夏人民医院接受根治性切除术,且术后淋巴结经常规病理检测为No期的32例胃癌患者。收集术后淋巴结蜡块共158个,记录32例患者的临床病理资料。术前或术中诊断存在其他部位癌症或存在其他脏器转移癌、胰腺受侵及腹腔种植、卵巢转移等远处转移的患者不纳入为研究对象。

1.2 实验方法

1.2.1 免疫组化实验方法:主要试剂有CK20抗体(选用武汉三鹰生物有限公司的CK20兔抗人单克隆抗体)、SP9000免疫组化试剂盒、DAB显色试剂盒。实验步骤:常规石蜡切片5 μm,55 ℃烤片2 h,脱蜡水化,枸橼酸钠盐缓冲液高温4 min,PBS液浸泡5 min,3次;3%去离子双氧水37 ℃环境中15 min,5%山羊血清封闭,37 ℃孵育30 min,倾去血清,滴加一抗工作液,4 ℃中过夜。37 ℃温箱中复温1 h,聚合酶辅助剂37 ℃下30 min,PBS洗,5 min× 3次。滴加抗兔IgG二抗,37 ℃孵育30 min,PBS洗,5 min× 3次,DAB显色2 min,PBS冲洗,苏木精复染,封片。阳性对照采用常规病理确诊的转移阳性淋巴结组织,阴性对照采用PBS代替一抗。

1.2.2 RT-PCR实验步骤

1.2.2.1 引物设计与合成:引物序列采用参考文献[3]中的CK20引物序列并做修改,由上海生物公程有限公司合成,内参采用β-actin,引物序列见表1。

表1 引物及内参序列

1.2.2.2 实验耗材:RNA提取试剂盒购于OMEGA公司,逆转录试剂盒购于美国 Thermo Scientific公司,Marker Ⅱ由天跟生化技术有限公司合成,β-actin 一抗由武汉博士德生物有限公司合成。

1.2.2.3 RNA提取: 严格按照RNA提取试剂盒说明书步骤进行提取,提取出来的RNA在超微量核酸蛋白测定仪上检测其浓度,放于-80 ℃环境下保存。

1.2.2.4 扩增及逆转录:逆转录反应体系为20 μl,RevertAid Reverse Transcriptase 1 μl,5x Reaction Buffer 4 μl,RiboLock RNase Inhibitor 1 μl,dNTP Mix 2 μl,Oligo(dT)1 μl;以2 μg为标准加入相应体积的RNA提取液,再加入相应体积DEPC水,42 ℃×60 min×1个循环→70 ℃×5 min×1个循环,以mRNA为模板反转录生成cDNA。扩增体系为25 μl,DNA聚合酶复合物12.5 μl,上游引物1 μl,下游引物1 μl,DEPC水8.5 μl,cDNA 2 μl,94 ℃×2 min×1变性,94 ℃×30 s~56 ℃×30 s~72 ℃×30 s,30个循环,72 ℃×2 min延伸。

1.2.2.5 电泳及曝光:配置1.5%琼脂糖凝胶,120 V电压,10 mA电流跑胶25 min,凝胶成像系统下分析结果。

1.3 统计学方法:使用SPSS 17.0统计学软件,计数资料使用χ2检验分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 实验结果:IHC检测发现32例患者中有7例术后LNM阳性,阳性率为21.87%;158个淋巴结蜡块检检测发现有14个淋巴结蜡块出现微转移,检出率为9%。RT-PCR检测发现32例患者中共有10例检测发现LNM,阳性率为31.25%;158个淋巴结蜡块中发现有23个出现微转移,检出率为14.93%。

2.2 胃癌淋巴结微转移与临床病理资料的关系:收集32例患者临床病理资料,包括肿瘤大小、浸润深度、组织学类型等信息。分析发现,胃癌LNM与胃癌患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、浸润深度无相关性,与分化程度有相关性。低分化胃癌较中-高分化胃癌容易发生LNM(P<0.05),见表2。

表2 胃癌LNM与胃癌病理资料的关系[n(%)]

临床病理参数nIHC阳性P值RT-PCR阳性P值分化程度 中-高分化191(21)<0.053(26)<0.05 低分化136(23)7(38)浸润深度 未侵犯肌层112(18.2)>0.054(36.4)>0.05 侵犯肌层或超过215(23.8)6(28.6)

3 讨论

3.1 胃癌LNM的临床意义:胃癌LNM与胃癌患者术后复发及存活率的关系一直是研究的热点,但是目前两者的关系,各学者还存在一定分歧[4-7]。但是胃癌LNN与术后胃癌复发相关,存在LNN的患者,术后复发的概率较大,得到诸多研究者的同意。

Fukagawa T等通过研究提出,标准胃癌根治术加D2淋巴结清扫术,对于pT2N0或pT3N0胃癌患者是一个恰当的手术治疗方式[8]。Lee T研究发现,充分的淋巴结清扫对于未分化胃癌十分重要[9]。2011年中国卫计委发布的《胃癌诊疗规范》规定:ESD和EMR适用于高中分化胃癌,行胃D1切除术时,一旦出现淋巴结转移,应当施行D2切除术。本研究收集32例患者临床病理资料,结果显示,胃癌LNM与胃癌分化程度有相关性;低分化胃癌较中-高分化胃癌容易发生LNM(P<0.05)。因此,对低分化胃癌患者采用缩小手术治疗方式时需慎重。

3.2 IHC与RT-PCR法联合检测胃癌淋巴结微转移:随着检测技术的发展,IHC检测胃癌LNM目前得到广泛的应用,是因为IHC具有特异性高、简便易行的特点[10-11]。逆转录聚合酶链式反应法(RT-PCR)以其高敏感性的特点,也被广大学者用于LNM的检测。Kubota等探索发现,RT-PCR法是检测微转移敏感度最高的方法[12]。陈瑞川等研究发现,RT-PCR法可从105个正常组织细胞中检出1个恶性细胞,具有较高的敏感度[13]。Koshi Kumagai等使用一步核酸扩增法(OSNA)来检测胃癌患者淋巴结转移,并且可在30 min内得出结果[14]。Yanagita等研究发现一种用于术中评估淋巴结转移的系统,此系统可以检验淋巴结中CEA和CK19的量,在40 min内得出结果[15]。这些研究都为RT-PCR的临床应用提供了便利。

联合使用IHC法和RT-PCR法检测胃癌LNM,可以从细胞水平及基因水平两个方面同时对目标标记物进行观察和分析,两种方法相互应用,可以提高胃癌LNM的检出率。

[1] Nitti D,Marchet A,Olivieri M,et al.Ratio between metastatic and examined lymph nodes is an Independent prognostic factor after D2 resection for gastric cancer:analysis of a large European monoinstitutional experience[J].Annals of Surgical Oncology,2003,10(9):1077-1085.

[2] Maehara Y,Oshiro T,Endo K,et al.Clinical significance of occult micrometastasis lymph nodes from patients with early gastric cancer who died of recurrence[J].Surgery,1996,119(4):397-402.

[3] Shmica Yoshimasa,Takeuchi H,Sakakura Y,et al.Molecular detection of sentinel node micrometastases in patients with clinical N0 gastric carcinoma with real-time multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay[J].Annals of Surgical Oncology,2012,19(2):469-477.

[4] Lee CM,Cho JM,Jang YJ,et al.Should lymph node micrometastasis be considered in node staging for gastric cancer[J].Annals of Surgical Oncology,2015,22(3):765-771.

[5] Li Yu,Du Peizhun,Zhou Yangbing,et al.Lymph node micrometastases is a poor prognostic factor for patients in pN0 gastric cancer:a meta-analysis of observational studies[J].The Journal of Surgical Research,2014,191(2):413-422.

[6] Jeuck TL,Wittekind C.Gastric carcinoma:stage migration by immunohistochemically detected lymph node micrometastases[J].Gastric Cancer,2015,18(1):100-108.

[7] Morgagni P,Saragoni L,Scarpi E,et al.Lymph node micrometastases in early gastric cancer and their impact on prognosis[J].World Journal of Surgery,2003,27(5):558-561.

[8] Fukagawa T,Sasako M,Mann GB,et al.Immunohistochemically detected micrometastases of the lymph nodes in patients with gastric carcinoma[J].Cancer,2001,92(4):753-760.

[9] Lee T,Tanaka H,Ohira M,et al.Clinical impact of the extent of lymph node micrometastasis in undifferentiated-type early gastric cancer[J].Oncology,2014,86(4):244-252.

[10] Matsumoto M,Natsugoe S,Ishigami S,et al.Rapid immunohistochemical detection of lymph node micrometastasis during operation for upper gastrointestinal carcinoma[J].The British Journal of Surgery,2003,90(5):563-566.

[11] Kubota K,Nakanishi H,Hiki N,et al.Quantitative detection of micrometastases in the lymph nodes of gastric cancer patients with real-time RT-PCR:a comparative study with immunohistochemistry[J].International Journal of Cancer,2003,105(1):136-143.

[12] 陈瑞川,林岚,邱达泰,等.RT-PCR扩增MUC1检测胃癌微转移研究[J].Journal of Fujian Medical University,1999,33(3):244-247.

[13] Kumagai K,Yamamoto N,Miyashiro I,et al.Multicenter study evaluating the clinical performance of the OSNA assay for the molecular detection of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer patients[J].Gastric Cancer,2014,17(2):273-280.

[14] Yanagita S,Natsugoe S,Uenosono Y,et al.The utility of rapid diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer using a multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay[J].Oncology,2009,77(3/4):205-211.

ClinicalsignificanceoflymphnodemicrometastasisinpN0gastriccancer

ZHAOShuai1,HUANGYunNing2,ZHAOLiangYu2,LULing2,LIZhiYong2,FENGCunzhi1.

1.NingxiaMedicalUniversity,Yinchuan750002,China;2.GastrointestinalSurgery,NingxiaPeople’sHospital,Yinchuan750002,China

Correspondingauthor:HUANGYunNing,Email:nxhyncc@126.com

ObjectiveTo determine the lymph node metastasis of patients who undergo surgery with negative lymph node metastasis by immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with CK20 as the target marker.To explore the two methods of detecting lymph node micrometastasis and the clinical significance of lymph node micrometastasis in gastric cancer.Methods32 patients with pN0 gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy were selected.158 lymph nodes were collected and all lymph nodes were detected by HE staining.pathology diagnosis.The expression of CK20 in lymph nodes was detected by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR.To analyze the relationship between lymph node micrometastasis and sex,age,tumor location,tumor size,depth of invasion,histological type and other clinical pathological parameters of gastric cancer.ResultsThere were seven patients and fourteen lymph nodes were positive of lymph node micrometastasis by immunohistochemically stained.The positive rate of lymph node micrometastasis were 21.87%;A total of 10 patients that were detected by RT-PCR lymph node micrometastasis were positive.The expression of CK20mRNA in 23 lymph nodes was detected by reverse transcription PCR.Lymph node micrometastasis detection rate was 31.25%.Seven patients were positive by both methods.There are 4 patients were positive by RT-PCR and negative by immunohistochemistry.One patient had positive immunohistochemical test and negative RT-PCR.There are 11 patients had positive micrometastasis.There was significant difference between different histological types of pN0 gastric cancer patients (P<0.05).Lymph node micrometastases in patients with poorly differentiated gastric cancer were more likely to occur than patients with moderate to well-differentiated gastric cancer.Lymph node micrometastases were associated with histological types of gastric cancer patients,regardless of age,sex,tumor location,tumor size,and depth of invasion.ConclusionThe lymph node micrometastasis of gastric cancer is related to the histological type of gastric cancer.The patients with poorly differentiated gastric cancer are more likely to undergo micrometastasis than those with moderate to well differentiated gastric cancer.It should be careful to reduced surgical treatment to the patients with poorly differentiated gastric cancer.Immunohistochemical method combine with RT-PCR detection can improve the detection rate of micrometastasis.

Gastriccancer;Micrometastasis;CK20;Immunohistochemistry;RT-PCR

宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ14163)

1.宁夏医科大学,宁夏 银川 750002 2.宁夏人民医院胃肠外科,宁夏 银川 750002

赵帅(1990-),男,山西籍,在读硕士研究生,主要从事胃肠外科研究方向。

黄允宁,Email:nxhyncc@ 126.com

http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/64.1008.R.20170814.1453.016.html

10.13621/j.1001-5949.2017.08.0682

R735

A

2017-02-17 [责任编辑]王凯荣

猜你喜欢

分化引物胃癌
DNA引物合成起始的分子基础
高中生物学PCR技术中“引物”相关问题归类分析
两次中美货币政策分化的比较及启示
分化型甲状腺癌切除术后多发骨转移一例
鲁政委:房地产同城市场初现分化
PCR过程中生成引物二聚体回收再利用的研究
呼吸道感染样本中IFITMs引物优化
P53及Ki67在胃癌中的表达及其临床意义
胃癌组织中LKB1和VEGF-C的表达及其意义
胃癌组织中VEGF和ILK的表达及意义