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慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织中维生素D受体表达与肝损伤的相关性

2017-07-31袁利超马安林

中日友好医院学报 2017年2期
关键词:丙肝乙型肝炎肝细胞

袁利超,马安林

(中日友好医院 感染疾病科,北京 100029)

临床论著

慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织中维生素D受体表达与肝损伤的相关性

袁利超,马安林

(中日友好医院 感染疾病科,北京 100029)

目的:研究慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织维生素D受体(VDR)的表达及其下调机制。方法:选取60例慢性乙型肝炎患者作为研究组,按肝组织学结果分成3组,每组均20例。F1组:肝纤维化分级为1级;F2组:肝纤维化分级为2级;F3组:肝纤维化分级为3级。对照组选取20例因其他疾病行肝脏手术切除的标本。所有病例均检测HBVDNA和生化学指标,免疫组化染色检测VDR、CYP2R1、CYP27A1的表达。结果:对照组与慢性乙肝组比较,VDR在胆管上皮细胞的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。VDR、CYP2R1和CYP27A1在肝细胞的表达慢性乙肝组比对照组显著减弱(P<0.05)。在慢性乙肝组CYP2R1和CYP27A1相比VDR的表达显著减弱(P<0.05)。在F1、F2、F3组间3种受体的表达无统计学差异(P>0.05)。在慢性乙肝组VDR的表达与CYP2R1的表达呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与HBVDNA水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:VDR在慢性乙肝患者肝细胞的表达与对照组相比显著下降,表达强弱与CYP2R1呈明显的正相关,与HBVDNA呈负相关。

慢性乙型肝炎;维生素D受体;CYP2R1;CYP27A1

Author’s addressDepartment of Infectious Diseases,China-Japan Friendship Hospital,Beijing 100029,China

维生素D的基本来源是由皮肤光合作用合成的,为了变成有生物活性的维生素还要在肝脏中进行25羟化和在肾脏中进行1羟化[1]。1,25-羟维生素D3的生物学活性由维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor,VDR)介导,VDR多态性与原发性胆汁性肝硬化、自身免疫性肝炎、酒精相关性肝癌以及慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)有关[2,3]。在慢性感染和肿瘤发生过程中,维生素D通过VDR起免疫调节及抗增殖的作用。但VDR在慢性乙肝肝组织中的表达还未见报道。我们的目的是研究CHB患者肝组织VDR的表达及其下调机制。

1 对象及方法

1.1 临床资料

选择我院肝炎门诊2011年1月~2012年1月就诊的慢性乙肝患者60例,诊断均符合2010版《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》,临床治疗需要均进行了肝穿刺活检,其中肝纤维化分期为F1期、F2期、F3期各20例。另选择20例因其他疾病行肝脏手术切除的标本作为对照组,其中11例胆管癌、6例巨大血管瘤、3例肝脓肿。

所有病例均收集临床病史,化验肝肾功能、血脂、电解质和HBVDNA。

1.2 肝活检及组织学检查

由同一位肝病专家因临床需要进行超声引导下肝活检,对照组选择因其他疾病进行外科手术切除的正常肝组织。标本切片约4μm,进行HE染色及Masson染色,由同一位病理科专家对所有的标本进行盲法读片。肝纤维化分期采用Metavir标准[4]。 F0,无肝纤维化;F1,肝门部纤维化;F2,门脉周围纤维化;F3,纤维间隔形成,小叶结构变形,但是无明显肝硬化;F4,肝硬化。炎症活动度分级:A0,无炎症活动;A1,轻微活动;A2,中度活动;A3,重度活动。

1.3 免疫组化方法

患者标本均进行VDR,CYP2R1,CYP27A1免疫组化染色,石蜡切片脱蜡至水,0.3%H2O2氧化15min,0.01M PBS 洗 5min×3 次,分别滴加 VDRR抗体、CYP2R1抗体、CYP27A1抗体 (抗体均为Abcam 公司产品),抗-VDR 抗体(稀释 1:500),抗-CYP2R1 抗体(稀释 1:600),抗-CYP27A1 抗体(稀释 1:150)。4℃过夜(同步设置对照),0.01M PBS洗5min×3次,滴加DAKOⅡ抗,室温3h,0.01M PBS洗5min×3次,用DAB液显色,阳性着染细胞呈棕黄色即可终止显色,0.01M PBS液终止显色,Meyer苏木素复染细胞核1min,流水冲洗10min,梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片。免疫组化采取半定量法[5],阴性=0,弱表达=1,中等表达=2,强表达=3。

1.4 统计学方法

采用SPSS17.0进行统计学分析,相关性分析采用Spearman's检验。

2 结果

CHB组及对照组的临床及生化指标见表1。CHB组和对照组的年龄、性别、体质指数、总胆固醇和甘油三酯无统计学差异(均P>0.05),HBVDNA、AST、ALT、GGT 和 TBIL 具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。无论是胆管细胞还是肝细胞的细胞质和细胞核,均有VDR的表达。表 2示,VDR、CYP2R1和CYP27A1在CHB组及对照组的表达情况。胆管细胞无论是对照组还是慢乙肝组均有VDR表达,且无统计学差异(P>0.05)。在肝细胞VDR的表达比在胆管细胞要弱,而且CHB组较对照组VDR表达更弱(P<0.05),F1组与对照组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),但是F2和F3组表达比对照组显著减低(P<0.05)。CYP27A1 和 CYP2R1 的表达均比VDR弱,且CHB组比对照组显著减低(P<0.05)。 VDR,CYP2R1 和 CYP27A1 在 3 组间(F1,F2,F3)的表达没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。

表1 研究组与对照组临床及生化指标比较

VDR的表达与CYP2R1的表达明显正相关(P<0.05), 与 HBVDNA 水平负相关 (P<0.05)。VDR在胆管细胞的表达没有发现与上述参数的相关性。在CHB组,我们做了纤维化分期同性别、血清转氨酶水平的相关性分析。结果,肝纤维化分期与VDR、CYP2R1和CYP27A1之间未发现相关性。

表2 研究组及对照组免疫组化结果比较

3 讨论

Barchetta等研究显示VDR广泛表达于慢性肝病患者的肝细胞以及炎症细胞内,在非酒精性脂肪肝和慢性丙肝患者中,与肝组织学的严重程度呈负相关,维生素D/VDR系统在代谢性和病毒性慢性肝损伤过程中扮演重要作用[6]。VDR在正常肝组织中的表达有很多报道[7,8]。维生素D的25羟化由CYP27A1和CYP2R1介导[9]。维生素D在CHB患者肝损伤过程中具有重要作用[10]。许多研究显示维生素D缺乏和慢性丙肝患者的肝纤维化程度有关。维生素D水平高的慢性丙肝患者肝纤维化和炎症水平就比较低。最近的研究显示维生素D的水平低与慢性丙肝患者接受聚乙二醇干扰素和利巴韦林治疗失败相关[11]。在慢性丙肝患者,25-羟维生素D水平下降和VDR受体表达水平下降与患者纤维化快速进展具有相关性[12]。补充维生素D有助于改善慢性丙肝患者的病程进展[13]。有研究显示VDR基因多态性与肝癌的发生率相关[14]。25-羟维生素D水平下降可能与癌症发生、自身免疫病、心血管事件以及多种肝脏疾病的进展有关[15~18]。但有研究认为维生素D水平与与慢性丙肝及纤维化分级无关[19,20]。

我 们 研 究 了 VDR,CYP2R1,CYP27A1 在CHB肝组织的表达情况,并且分析了他们与临床及生化指标的相关性。尽管VDR一般被认为是细胞核受体[21],但是我们的研究提示在肝细胞的细胞核及细胞浆中均有表达。VDR在胆管上皮细胞的表达强度在CHB组和对照组之间无差异,但是在CHB组,肝细胞VDR和CYP2R1的表达显著相关。

肝细胞上CYP2R1的表达与VDR的表达正相关,CYP2R1编码维生素D羟化基因,使得维生素D在肝脏完成羟基化[22]。 事实上,关于基因组学的研究显示CYP2R1-rs10741657与25-羟维生素D3水平显著相关[23]。因此这些研究可以帮助我们解释VDR和CYP2R1表达相关的原因。

本研究提示,CYP2R1和 CYP27A1在 CHB组表达下降,或许可以解释CHB患者维生素D羟化能力下降的原因,此前在动物实验有相似的发现。例如,Cyp2r1-/-/Cyp27a1-/-小鼠显著低表达25-羟维生素D3,而CYP2R1的转录水平却显著升高,提示CYP2R1可能是主要机制[24]。

我们的研究存在一定的局限性,样本数量有限,并且没有检测血清维生素D水平。有研究显示维生素D缺乏可以出现在多种疾病,并对疾病终末期的进展有促进作用[25]。在丙肝患者维生素D 浓度<30ng/ml往往提示病毒清除率不高[26,27]。另外,血清25羟维生素D水平也与CHB肝纤维化进展呈负相关[28]。

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Correlation between the expression of vitamin D receptor and liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis B

//YUAN Li-chao,MA An-lin//Journal of China-Japan Friendship Hospital,2017 Apr,31(2):98-101

Objective:To evaluate the hepatic expression of vitamin D receptor(VDR),CYP2R1,and CYP27A1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)and their relationship with histological features of the hepatopathy.Methods:A total of 60 patients with CHB including 20 cases of liver fibrosis stage 1 (F1),20 cases of liver fibrosis stage 2(F2),and 20 cases of liver fibrosis stage 3(F3)were enrolled in the study.Twenty subjects with no history of liver disease served as the controls.All cases detected HBV DNA and biochemical parameters.Expression of VDR,CYP2R1 and CYP27A1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.Results:VDR expression on cholangiocytes had no significant difference between in the control group and CHB group (P>0.05).VDR expression on hepatocytes of CHB group were weaker than that in the control group (P<0.05).In CHB patients,expression of CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 appeared lower than VDR (P<0.05).In addition,CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 expression appeared lower in CHB in comparison with controls (P<0.05).The expressions of VDR,CYP2R1 and CYP27A1 had no significant differences among the three groups(F1,F2,F3)(P>0.05).In CHB patients,VDR expression on hepatocytes was strongly positively correlated with the hepatic reactivity for CYP2R1(P<0.05).And it was negatively correlated with HBV DNA(P<0.05).Conclusion:VDR expression on hepatocytes of CHB decreased significantly in comparison with that in controls.In CHB patients,expression of CYP2R1,but not CYP27A1 has a positively correlation with VDR expression.In contrast,HBV DNA has a negatively correlated with VDR expression.

chronic hepatitis B;vitamin D receptor;CYP2R1;CYP27A1

R512.6+2

:A

:1001-0025(2017)02-0098-04

10.3969/j.issn.1001-0025.2017.02.009

中日友好医院院级课题(2015-1-QN-9)。

袁利超(1979-),男,主治医师,医学硕士。

2016-12-14

2017-01-05

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