阴道摄入戊酸雌二醇在薄型子宫内膜不育症中的临床疗效分析
2017-01-16燕海亚曹小荣夏松云
燕海亚,曹小荣,夏松云
·临床医学· ·论著·
阴道摄入戊酸雌二醇在薄型子宫内膜不育症中的临床疗效分析
燕海亚,曹小荣,夏松云
目的 观察并评价阴道摄入戊酸雌二醇对女性薄型子宫内膜不育症的临床治疗疗效。方法 观察256例子宫内膜过薄导致不育症的患者,经患者知情同意,按照数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组各128例。对照组采用口服戊酸雌二醇治疗,观察组采用阴道摄入戊酸雌二醇治疗,观察治疗前后2组患者排卵日子宫内膜厚度变化和血液流变学改善情况,并随访2组患者1年内的妊娠及流产情况。结果 观察组较对照组治疗后排卵日子宫内膜厚度明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组较对照组治疗后排卵日子宫内膜血流情况出现明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后1年妊娠率显著高于对照组,同时流产率也显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论 采用阴道摄入戊酸雌二醇治疗女性薄型子宫内膜不育症,能显著改善子宫内膜厚度及血流情况,明显提高患者的临床受孕率,其疗效显著优于口服戊酸雌二醇。
戊酸雌二醇;阴道给药;薄型子宫内膜;不育不孕症;妊娠
不孕症是妇女的常见和多发症状,近年来,我国育龄不孕症发生率有逐渐上升的趋势,薄型子宫内膜是不孕症的常见病因之一,也是大部分胚胎植入失败的主要原因[1]。一定厚度的子宫内膜是受精卵植入和受孕的必备条件,而过薄的子宫内膜则会影响子宫内膜容受性,导致胚胎植入率出现降低或流产率增加[2-3]。本研究对256例薄型子宫内膜不育症患者采用戊酸雌二醇口服或阴道给药,并观察比较这2种给药方式对患者子宫内膜厚度变化和妊娠率的改善情况。现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料 本研究选取2012年4月至2015年4月在宝鸡市妇幼保健院妇产科门诊确诊的薄型子宫内膜不孕症患者256例,本次研究经我院伦理委员会批准,纳入的所有患者均签署知情同意书。按照数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组128例。纳入标准:(1)年龄20~38岁月经周期基本正常的患者; (2)常规阴道B超检查排卵正常,但排卵日子宫内膜厚度小于7.0 mm;(3)B超检查子宫形态正常,碘油造影提示至少一侧输卵管通畅; (4)就诊前3个月内未服用任何激素类药物;(5)患者配偶精液检查正常。2组患者均为成年女性,平均年龄、不孕年限、月经周期、民族和居住地等基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1。
表1 2组薄型子宫内膜不育症患者基线资料比较(x±s)
项目 观察组(n=128)对照组(n=128)P值年龄(岁)28.5±2.928.3±3.10.605不孕年限(年)4.0±1.24.1±1.20.420月经周期(d)28.5±2.128.7±2.00.488民族(例)0.606 汉族119121 少数民族97居住地(例)0.703 农村5154 城市7774
1.2 治疗方法 对照组于月经周期第10天开始口服戊酸雌二醇(拜耳医药保健有限公司,规格1 mg×21片),2片/d,卵泡直径大于14 mm时改为4片/d,至排卵后改为2片/d,共治疗3个经期。观察组采用阴道摄入戊酸雌二醇治疗,每晚1片,卵泡直径大于14 mm时改为每晚2片,至排卵后改为每晚1片,共治疗3个经期。
1.3 观察指标 观察2组患者治疗前后排卵日子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜血流分型及一年内妊娠流产情况。内膜测量采用飞利浦彩色多普勒超声诊断仪(ClearVue580)。子宫内膜测量方法:沿中间矢状平面显示子宫剖面,测量垂直于子宫前后肌层与子宫内膜交界面间中线反射波的最大径距。子宫内膜血流情况同样采用彩色多普勒诊断仪测定:I型:内膜无血流或血流较少;Ⅱ型:仅内膜下有血流;Ⅲ型:内膜及内膜下均有血流。
1.4 统计学处理 应用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行统计分析。计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料采用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 2组患者治疗前后排卵日子宫内膜厚度比较 观察组和对照组患者治疗前排卵日子宫内膜厚度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后2组患者排卵日子宫内膜均显著增厚,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组治疗后的改善情况明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
表2 2组患者治疗前后排卵日子宫内膜厚度比较(mm,x±s)
组别例数治疗前治疗后观察组1285.56±0.859.32±1.11ab对照组1285.51±0.928.45±1.30a
注:与治疗前比较aP<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较bP<0.05
2.2 2组患者治疗前后排卵日子宫内膜血流分型比较 2组患者治疗前排卵日子宫内膜血流分型无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后2组患者排卵日子宫内膜血流分型均出现一定程度的改善,I型血流分型减少,III型血流分型增多,同时观察组的改善情况明显优于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表3。
表3 2组患者治疗前后排卵日子宫内膜血流分型比较[%(例)]
组别例数治疗前治疗后I型II型III型I型II型III型观察组12819.5(25)59.4(76)21.1(27)4.7(6)56.2(72)39.1(50)ab对照组12820.3(26)58.6(75)21.1(27)13.3(17)57.0(73)29.7(38)a
注:与治疗前比较aP<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较bP<0.05
2.3 2组患者妊娠率和流产率比较 采用戊酸雌二醇口服或阴道给药治疗开展的1年内,观察组共有53位患者受孕,而对照组仅有29位患者受孕,2组患者的1年内妊娠率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);同时2组患者已受孕患者出现流产率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表4。
表4 2组患者妊娠率和流产率比较[%(例)]
组别例数妊娠率流产率观察组12841.4(53)a7.5(4)ab对照组12822.7(29)24.0(7)
注:与对照组比较aP<0.01,bP<0.05
3 讨论
排卵日子宫内膜的厚度是影响胚胎植入的因素之一,有研究[4-5]表明,薄型子宫内膜与低妊娠率有显著相关,一般排卵日子宫内膜厚度小于8.0 mm的女性的受孕率明显降低,即使受孕成功也容易出现流产。目前,临床上治疗薄型子宫内膜不孕症的常用方法主要有手术治疗、激素治疗、阿司匹林等血管活性药物治疗和干细胞治疗等[6]。雌激素(E2)是造成子宫内膜增生的重要因素之一,一定剂量的E2能促进子宫内膜生长和子宫容受性改善[7]。戊酸雌二醇是天然雌二醇的戊酸盐,与人类内源E2结构相同,既可口服,又可阴道给药,生殖毒理学研究并未揭示其对胎儿存在潜在的致畸性[5]。已有研究表明[8],戊酸雌二醇能使子宫内膜在短时间内轻度增殖,但大量口服戊酸雌二醇容易产生明显的不良反应,包括胃肠道反应、乳房胀痛、头痛、头晕等,而阴道局部应用戊酸雌二醇能有效缓解不良反应的症状。
本研究观察分析了2种戊酸雌二醇给药途径的疗效差异,结果表明,相较于口服戊酸雌二醇,阴道给药能显著改善子宫内膜厚度及血流情况,明显提高患者的临床受孕率,同时戊酸雌二醇经阴道给药较口服给药用量低,有效地避免了经口服给药的胃肠道反应,口服戊酸雌二醇无疗效的薄型子宫内膜不孕症患者可以尝试阴道给药,但给药途径造成疗效差异的具体作用机制仍有待于以后进一步研究分析。
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(本文编辑:王映红)
Therapeutic effects of estradiol valerate through vaginal drug delivery in female infertility due to thin endometrium
Yan Haiya, Cao Xiaorong, Xia Songyun
(DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology,BaojiMaternityandInfantHealthInstitute,Baoji721000,China)
Objective To investigate and evaluate the therapeutic effects of estradiol valerate through vaginal drug delivery in the treatment of female infertility due to thin endometrium.MethodsClose observation was made on the 256 female infertility patients due to thin endometrium. With the knowledge and consent of the patients, the patients were divided into 2 groups, the observation group and the control group. The control group received oral estradiol valerate, while the observation group was treated with estradiol valerate through vaginal drug delivery. Changes in the thickness and blood flow improvement of endometrium in ovulation days were closely observed in the patients of the 2 group. Then, one-year follow-up was made on the pregnancy rate and abortion rate in the patients of the 2 groups.ResultsThe endometrial thickness in the observation group was significantly increased, as compared with that of the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.001). Following treatment, endometrial blood flow in the observation group was obviously improved, when compared with that of the control group, also with statistical significance (P<0.05). One year after treatment, the pregnancy rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and statistical significance could be seen when comparisons were made between the 2 groups (P<0.01). At the same time, the abortion rate of the observation group was obviously lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).ConclusionEstradiol valerate through vaginal delivery in the treatment of female infertility due to thin endometrium could significantly improve the endometrial thickness and blood flow in ovulation days and increase pregnancy rate. The therapeutic effects of vaginal drug delivery were significantly superior to oral administration of estradiol valerate.
Estradiol valerate; Vaginal drug delivery; Thin endometrium; Infertility; Pregnancy
721000 陕西 宝鸡,宝鸡市妇幼保健院妇科(燕海亚);三原县人民医院(曹小荣);海军总医院妇产科(夏松云)
曹小荣,电子信箱:xiaorongc99@163.com
R711.6
A
10.3969/j.issn.1009-0754.2016.06.019
2016-03-29)