替吉奥联合康艾注射液治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的效果与预后因素分析
2016-12-27杨君韩莹郭晓辉
杨君 韩莹 郭晓辉
[摘要] 目的 探讨替吉奥联合康艾注射液治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的效果、安全性及预后因素分析。 方法 选取2009年1月~2015年8月河北港口集团有限公司港口医院晚期NSCLC患者67例,替吉奥80 mg/(m2·d),分两次口服,联合康艾注射液60 mL/d,静滴,d1~14,21 d为1个周期。 结果 患者的客观缓解率(ORR)和疾病控制率(DCR)分别为10.4%和40.3%,单因素分析结果显示,不同的临床分级、病理分型、既往化疗方案数及本次化疗周期数所获得的DCR比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。药物毒副作用绝大多数为Ⅰ~Ⅱ度,Ⅲ度毒副作用仅见于贫血(1/67),未观察到Ⅳ度毒副作用。患者的中位总生存和中位无进展生存分别为10.0个月和4.2个月;Cox多因素分析结果显示,年龄、病理类型、既往化疗方案数和本次化疗周期数为总生存的独立影响因素(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。 结论 替吉奥联合康艾注射液治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌效果可靠、安全性好,且年龄、病理类型、既往化疗方案数和本次化疗的周期数为总生存的独立影响因素。
[关键词] 替吉奥;康艾注射液;晚期非小细胞肺癌;疗效;预后因素
[中图分类号] R734.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)10(b)-0083-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the efficacy and prognostic factors of S-1 combined with Kangai Injection in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Sixty-seven patients with advanced NSCLC from January 2009 to August 2015 in Port Hospital of Hebei Port Group CO.,LTD, received oral S-1 80 mg/(m2·d) in two take orally daily and Kangai Injection (60 mL/d) intravenous dropping, on d1-14, repeated every 21 days. Results The ORR and DCR of the patients were 10.4% and 40.3% respectively. The DCR of different clinical classification, pathological type, number of previous chemotherapy regimens, and the chemotherapy cycles were statistically significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The adverse reactions were generally Ⅰ-Ⅱ, Ⅲ degree adverse reactions occurred only in anemia (1/67), and Ⅳ degree adverse reactions were not observed. The median OS and PFS of the patients were 10.0 months and 4.2 months, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that, the age, pathological type, number of previous chemotherapy regimens and cycles of chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors of overall survival (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion S-1 combined with Kangai Injection in treatment of NSCLC has reliable efficacy and safety. Age, pathological type, number of previous chemotherapy regimens and cycles of chemotherapy are independent influencing factors of overall survival.
[Key words] S-I; Kangai Injection; Advanced non-small cell lung cancer; Efficacy; Prognostic factors
非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)在世界许多国家和地区的发病率和死亡率都在逐年增加,大部分有症状的患者发现时已属晚期[1]。对于晚期NSCLC,寻求安全有效的化疗方案是目前临床治疗中亟待解决的重要问题。本研究的目的是评价替吉奥联合康艾注射液治疗晚期NSCLC的效果与安全性,并进一步分析研究对象的临床特征与治疗结果的相关性,以期预测影响预后的相关因素。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选择2009年1月~2015年8月河北港口集团有限公司港口医院肿瘤内科就诊的67例晚期NSCLC患者,病灶为可评估可测量病灶,TNM分期为ⅢB~Ⅳ期,均为一线和/或二线治疗失败,ECOG评分≤3分,与前次化疗间隔时间>30 d,预计生存期>90 d,且基线血常规、肝肾功能等各项相关指标无化疗禁忌。其中男38例,女29例;<60岁27例,≥60岁40例;吸烟史:有26例,无41例;临床分期:ⅢB期24例,Ⅳ期43例;ECOG评分:0~1分20例,2分37例,3分10例;病理学分型:腺癌39例,鳞癌26例,大细胞癌2例;既往化疗次数:1次21例,2次39例,≥3次7例;表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变状态:无24例,有25例,不确定18例。
1.2 治疗方案
替吉奥(山东新时代药业有限公司,批号:国药准字H20080802):80 mg/(m2·d)分2次口服,连用2周,休息1周,3周为1个周期。康艾注射液(白云山制药股份有限公司,批号:国药准字Z20026868):60 mL加入250 mL的5%葡萄糖或0.9%氯化钠注射液中,静脉滴注,每日1次,连用2周,休息1周,3周为1个周期。患者的化疗周期数为2~6周期,出现病情进展,毒副作用不能耐受和患者放弃治疗等情况将终止治疗。
1.3 观察指标及评价标准
于每2周期化疗后7 d内根据实体瘤治疗效果评价标准(RECIST标准)进行近期疗效评价:完全缓解(CR)即所有靶病灶消失;部分缓解(PR)即靶病灶最长径之和与基线状态比较,至少减少30%;疾病稳定(SD)即介于部分缓解和疾病进展之间;疾病进展(PD)即靶病灶最长径之和与治疗开始之后所记录到的最小的靶病灶最长径之和比较,增加20%,或者出现一个或多个新病灶[2]。以CR+PR所占的比例表示客观缓解率(ORR),以CR+PR+SD所占的比例表示疾病控制率(DCR)。患者的总生存(OS)指从随机分组至任何原因引起死亡的时间,无进展生存(PFS)指从开始治疗到观察到疾病进展或发生任何原因引起死亡的时间。毒副作用以WHO制定的抗肿瘤药物毒副作用的分度标准分为0~Ⅳ度[3]。
1.4 统计学方法
采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计数资料用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验;采用Logistic回归分析比较不同因素对疾病控制率方面的影响,采用Kaplan-Meier方法进行生存分析、制作生存曲线图,采用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素回归分析,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 近期疗效
患者平均化疗4.9周期,CR 0例、PR 7例、SD 20例、PD 40例,患者的ORR为10.4%、DCR为40.3%。不同的临床分级、病理分型、既往化疗次数及本次化疗周期数所获得的DCR比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。见表1。本实验只对部分患者进行了EGFR基因检测,突变型患者的DCR为64.0%,而野生型的DCR则为29.2%,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
2.2 毒副作用
替吉奥联合康艾注射液治疗的血液学毒性和非血液学毒性主要为肝功能损伤、肾功能损伤、消化道反应及其他不良反应,绝大多数为Ⅰ~Ⅱ度,Ⅲ度毒副作用仅见于贫血(1/67),未观察到Ⅳ度毒副作用。见表2。
2.3 生存分析
化疗结束后进行随访,67例晚期NSCLC患者有57例确定死亡、10例失访。中位OS为10.0个月,95%CI为8.683~11.317个月。中位PFS为4.2个月,95%CI为3.466~4.934个月。针对生存预后的各临床因素纳入Cox多因素分析,结果显示年龄、病理类型、既往化疗方案数和本次化疗的周期数为总生存的独立影响因素(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。见表3。
3 讨论
大量数据表明全身化疗是晚期NSCLC的主要治疗方式[4],一线治疗的常规方案为铂类为主的联合化疗[5-7],但治疗后大部分患者终将需要接受以多西他赛、培美曲塞或分子靶向药物为主的二线治疗[8-10],二线治疗有效率一般较低,故目前包括替吉奥在内的其他抗肿瘤药物被积极地应用于NSCLC的二线治疗中[11-13]。近年来,国际上相继开展了一些有关替吉奥治疗晚期NSCLC的临床试验,证实了其疗效[14-15]。康艾注射液是一种中药复方抗癌制剂,已较为广泛地应用于恶性肿瘤的治疗,并取得了较好的临床效果[16-18]。本研究采用替吉奥联合康艾注射液治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌,并对其治疗效果及预后影响因素进行观察和评价。
在疗效方面,本研究得出患者的ORR和DCR分别为10.4%和40.3%,与大部分的临床试验数据相接近[19-20]。经单因素分析结果表明不同的临床分级、病理分型、既往化疗次数及本次化疗周期数所获得的DCR比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05或P < 0.01),说明对于临床分期稍好、腺癌、既往化疗次数少、本次化疗足疗程及EGFR基因突变型的患者可获得较高的DCR,临床获益率高。在安全性方面,药物的毒副作用发生率较低,Ⅰ度毒副作用中贫血及厌食的发生率相对较高(10/67)、其次为血小板减少(8/67)和乏力(7/67);Ⅱ度毒副作用发生率最高为贫血(6/67);Ⅲ度毒副作用仅见于贫血(1/67);未观察到Ⅳ度毒副作用。本研究所得出的毒副作用发生率要明显低于Inagaki等[21]研究应用单药S-1治疗晚期NSCLC的试验数据,说明联合康艾注射液可在一定程度上降低化疗所致的骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应等毒副作用,增强机体免疫功能,提高患者的耐受性。在生存分析中,患者的中位OS和PFS分别为10.0个月和4.2个月,与Yamada等[22]单药S-1治疗晚期NSCLC的试验数据相接近。应用Cox比例风险模型分析各临床因素对生存时间的影响作用及死亡风险预测,结果显示年龄、病理类型、既往化疗方案数和本次化疗的周期数为总生存的独立影响因素。其中年龄≥60岁患者的死亡风险是<60岁患者的2.465倍,非腺癌患者的死亡风险是腺癌患者的5.663倍,既往行二线以上化疗患者的死亡风险是仅行一线化疗患者的4.748倍,而本次化疗足6周期患者的死亡风险是不满6周期患者的2.7%。综合以上因素考虑,选择<60岁、腺癌、一线化疗失败未经二、三线化疗的患者,足疗程予替吉奥联合康艾注射液治疗,可以最大化地降低患者的死亡风险,延长生存期,对临床治疗具有指导意义。
综上所述,本研究发现,替吉奥联合康艾注射液治疗晚期NSCLC,具有疗效可靠、不良反应较轻、患者耐受性好等优点,且对于临床分期稍好、腺癌、既往化疗次数少、本次化疗足疗程及EGFR基因突变型的患者具有较高临床获益率,研究中针对各临床因素所做的预后因素分析可更有效地指导临床治疗工作。
[参考文献]
[1] Siegel R,Naishadham D,Jemal A. Cancer Statistics [J]. CA Cancer J Clin,2013,63(1):11-30.
[2] Therasse P,Arbuck SG,Eisenhauer EA,et al. New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer,National Cancer Institute of the United States,National Cancer Institute of Canada [J]. Natl Cancer Inst,2000,92(3):205-216.
[3] 周际昌.实用肿瘤内科学[M].2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2007:28-30.
[4] Shi Y,Sun Y. Medical management of lung cancer: Experience in China [J]. Thorac Cancer,2015,6(1):10-16.
[5] Pilkington G,Boland A,Brown T,et al. A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of first-line chemotherapy for adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Thorax,2015,70(4):359-367.
[6] Farhat FS,Ghosn MG,Kattan JG. Oral vinorelbine plus cisplatin followed by maintenance oral vinorelbine as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol,2015,76(2):235-242.
[7] Liu J,Ji F,Li J,et al. Efficacies and toxicities of different platinum-based combination chemotherapies for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2014,94(8):580-583.
[8] Weiss JM,Stinchcombe TE. Second-line therapy for advanced NSCLC [J]. Oncologist,2013,18(8):947-953.
[9] Ellis PM,Leighl NB,Hirsh V,et al. A randomized,open-label phase Ⅱ trial of volasertib as monotherapy and in combination with standard-dose pemetrexed compared with pemetrexed monotherapy in second-line treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer [J]. Clin Lung Cancer,2015,16(6):457-465.
[10] Nishiyama A,Katakami N,Yoshioka H,et al. Retrospective efficacy and safety analyses of erlotinib,pemetrexed,and docetaxel in EGFR-mutation-negative patients with previously treated advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer [J]. Lung Cancer,2015,89(3):301-305.
[11] Kawahara M. Efficacy of S-1 in non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Expert Opin Pharmacother,2014,15(13):1927-1942.
[12] Ikemura S,Naoki K,Yasuda H,et al. A Phase Ⅱ study of S-1 and irinotecan combination therapy in previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Jpn J Clin Oncol,2015,45(4):356-361.
[13] Nishino K,Imamura F ,Kumagai T,et al. A randomized phase Ⅱ study of bevacizumab in combination with docetaxel or S-1 in patients with non-squamousnon-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum based chemotherapy (HANSHIN Oncology Group 0110) [J]. Lung Cancer,2015,89(2):146-153.
[14] Yoshioka1 H,Okamoto I,Morita S,et al. Efficacy and safety analysis according to histology for S-1 in combination with carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer:updated results of the West Japan Oncology Group LETS study [J]. Annals of Oncology,2013,24(5):1326-1331.
[15] Abdel-Rahman O,Elhalawani H. S-1-based regimens for locally advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer:a meta-analysis [J]. Future Oncol,2016,12(5):701-713.
[16] Chen HB,Ying LL,Zhao LL,et al. The effects of Kangai injection on enzyme activities of macrophages in rats [J]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi,2014,30(5):417-420.
[17] 黄怀焕,伍胜孟.康艾注射液联合头孢哌酮/他唑巴坦治疗老年AECOPD的效果观察[J].中国当代医药,2015, 22(6):129-131.
[18] 庞世权,陈茵.康艾注射液联合化疗治疗老年肺癌的效果观察[J].中国当代医药,2014,21(5):87-88,91.
[19] Tomita Y,Oguri T,Takakuwa O,et al. S-1 monotherapy for previously treated non-small cell lung cancer:a retrospective analysis by age and histopathological type [J]. Oncol Lett,2012,3(2):405-410.
[20] 杨君,韩莹,王爱辉,等.替吉奥联合康艾注射液治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果[J].海南医学,2016,27(7):1073-1077.
[21] Inagaki M,Shinohara Y,Kaburagi T,et al. S-1-containing chemotherapy for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer:a population-based observational study by the Ibaraki thoracic integrative (Positive) research group [J]. Mol Clin Oncol,2016,4(6):1025-1030.
[22] Yamada K,Ichiki M,Takahashi K,et al. A multicenter phase Ⅱ trial of S-1 combined with bevacizumab after platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol,2016,78(3):501-507.
(收稿日期:2016-07-08 本文编辑:任 念)