康柏西普治疗渗出性老年性黄斑变性疗效观察
2016-12-14戴琰琰蒋正轩廖荣丰
戴琰琰,蒋正轩,廖荣丰
康柏西普治疗渗出性老年性黄斑变性疗效观察
戴琰琰1,2,蒋正轩1,廖荣丰1
收集经荧光素钠眼底血管造影(FFA)、相干光断层扫描(OCT)检查确诊为渗出性老年性黄斑变性的25只眼为观察对象,所有患眼按3+PRN方案,接受10 mg/ml康柏西普0.05 ml玻璃体腔注射,行注射前后自身对照研究。采用糖尿病视网膜病变早期治疗研究视力表检查最佳矫正视力(BCVA),OCT检查测量黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CRT)。对比分析治疗前后患眼BCVA、CRT的变化,同时观察随访期间眼部与全身不良反应情况。治疗后1、2、3个月及末次随访时患眼平均BCVA较治疗前提高,差异有统计学意义(t=4.27、6.43、7.75、7.36,P<0.05);平均CRT较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(t=11.97、10.49、10.02、8.67,P<0.05)。随访期间未见与治疗相关的严重眼部并发症及全身不良反应。
玻璃体腔注射;渗出性老年性黄斑变性;康柏西普
年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)是眼科常见的致盲眼病之一,尤其是湿性的AMD致盲率较高。湿性AMD的病理特征是黄斑区出现脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV),常导致黄斑区出血、渗出、水肿、视网膜色素上皮脱离,晚期黄斑区广泛瘢痕化。因此患者视力遭到严重损害[1-4]。目前对湿性AMD的治疗主要是使用抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)类药物来抑制新生血管生长。该研究采用玻璃体腔注射康柏西普对湿性AMD患者进行治疗,现做如下总结。
1 材料与方法
1.1 病例资料 收集2014年7月~2015年7月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院就诊并被确诊为湿性AMD的25只患眼作为研究对象。所有患者按3+PRN方案(前3个月每月注射1次,后期按需注射)接受10 mg/ml康柏西普0.05 ml玻璃体腔注射且资料完整,其中男13眼,女12眼,年龄50~70(56.2±3.3)岁。
1.2 方法 所有患者术前进行最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、裂隙灯、Amsler方格、直间接检眼镜,眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)、光学相干层析成像 (optical coherence tomography,OCT)等检查。BCVA检查使用糖尿病视网膜病变早期治疗研究视力表进行;眼压测量使用日本NIDEK公司非接触眼压计;FFA检查使用德国海德堡共焦激光眼底造影仪;OCT检查使用TOPCON公司3DOCT-1000。FFA检查显示,所有患眼黄斑区CNV病灶渗漏明显(图1A为代表);OCT检查显示,所有患眼黄斑区视网膜水肿(图1B为代表);所有患眼符合湿性AMD的临床诊断标准并参照国内外相关文献[5-8]设定纳入标准及重复治疗指征。治疗前3 d,0.5%左氧氟沙星滴眼液,4次/d,点术眼。手术室内按内眼手术要求常规消毒铺巾,整个玻璃体腔注射过程严格按照朗沐注射液使用说明书规定流程操作。注射完毕给予妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏涂眼并包扎术眼,2 h后打开术眼敷料行裂隙灯检查眼前节情况,并指测眼压,无异常者术后当天予以0.5%左氧氟沙星滴眼液滴眼,4次/d,妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液滴眼,3次/d及2%盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液滴眼,2次/d。
图1 注射药物前眼底荧光素钠造影及OCT表现
1.3 随访及观察指标 治疗后随访4~9(4.25±0.79)个月。注射次日,用裂隙灯行眼前节检查,非接触式眼压计测眼压,眼压<21 mmHg和少量球结膜下出血者,不予处理;角膜上皮损伤者,用左氧氟沙星眼膏包眼;眼压>21 mmHg者,予以2%盐酸卡替洛尔滴眼液滴眼2次/d,3 d后复查。以后每个月行BCVA、眼压、裂隙灯,直、间接检眼镜、Amsler方格、OCT、FFA检查。下图2为图1患者治疗1个月后图像,图2A为与图1A患者同期FFA示黄斑区CNV病灶基本无渗漏;图2B示黄斑区水肿消退CNV病灶缩小、纤维化。
图2 注射药物1个月后眼底荧光素钠造影及OCT表现
2 结果
治疗随访期间3例患者出现一过性眼压升高,5例球结膜下出血,2例角膜上皮点状浸润,所有患者CRT较治疗前降低,5例患者BCVA出现波动,具体数据见表1,未见眼部及全身严重不良反应。
表1 康柏西普注射前后BCVA及CRT的比较
3 讨论
我国自主研发的新型抗VEGF的融合蛋白是由VEGF受体1、VEGF受体2和人免疫球蛋白IgG-1部分片段融合而成,能结合VEGF-A所有亚型、VEGF-B及胎盘生长因子,具有多靶点、亲和力强、作用时间长等特点[5-6]。虽然本研究采用开放的无对照的观察,但结果显示有20%的患者术后视力显著提高,60%视力提高,20%患者随访期间视力出现小幅度波动。所有患者随访期间行Amsler方格检查时诉视物清晰度增加、变形好转,部分患者中心暗点及旁中心暗点消失;OCT显示所有患者黄斑中心凹厚度较术前降低,这说明此治疗从解剖结构上为患者主观症状的改善可以提供了理论支持。本研究显示视力显著提高的患者多为自觉视力下降、视物变形不超过1周即到医院就诊,FFA显示渗漏明显,CNV面积较小且不位于黄斑中心凹下;视力提高不明显的患者多为自觉视力下降超过1个月就诊,FFA显示渗漏明显,CNV面积较大且位于黄斑中心凹下,这或许提示治疗时机、CNV的大小、位置均对预后产生影响:早期治疗,CNV相对较小以及位置偏黄斑中心凹术后视力提高越明显。本研究亦表明若初次注射患者对本药物的反应敏感性高,在后期的治疗中该患者始终保持相对良好的敏感性,尚未显示与其他抗VEGF类药物类似的不应答现象,这可能与康柏西普具有多靶点、亲和力强、作用时间长的特点有关,也不排除由于本研究样本量少且随访时间较短而导致的误差。
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Observation of Conbercept treatment on wet age-related macular degeneration
Dai Yanyan1,2,Jiang Zhengxuan1,Liao Rongfeng1
(1DeptofOphthalmology,TheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofAnhuiMedicalUniversity,Hefei230022;2DeptofOphthalmology,AnhuiNO.2ProvincePeople’sHospital,Hefei200041)
Twenty-five eyes which were diagnosed with exudative macular degeneration (eAMD) by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were enrolled in the study. All affected eyes were injected by conbercept, following a 3+PRN schedule intravenously and treated with 0.05 ml (10 mg/ml), was a self-control study before and after injection. Using the early treatment of diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) examine the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT examine the central retina thickness (CRT). The paired t-test was used to compare the BCVA, CRT before and after treatment. Simultaneously, the occurrences of ocular and systemic adverse reactions were observed during follow-up duration. During the 1,2,3 months after treatment and the latest follow up ,the mean BCVA were all improved with significant difference (t=4.27,6.43,7.75,7.36,P<0.05). The mean CRT were significantly decreased with significant difference(t=11.97,10.49,10.02,8.67,P<0.05). No systemic adverse reactions and treatment-related serious ocular complications were found during the follow-up duration.
intravitreal; wet macular degeneration; conbercept
安徽高校省级自然科学研究项目(编号:KJ2013A147)
1安徽医科大学第一附属医院眼科,合肥 2300222安徽省第二人民医院眼一科,合肥 200041
戴琰琰,女,硕士研究生; 廖荣丰,男,教授,主任医师,硕士生导师,责任作者,E-mail:liaorfayfy@126.com
时间:2016-10-12 13:23:00
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/34.1065.R.20161012.1323.037.html
R 774.5
A
1000-1492(2016)11-1707-03
10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2016.11.037
2016-07-21接收