常见介词的常用意义

汪红霞　魏孔鹏

【摘要】 介词是用在名词，名词词组之前，表示词语之间意义关系的词类。介词能和不同的词搭配，表示不同的意义。本文将总结常见介词的意义。

【关键词】 介词 常用意义

【中图分类号】 G633.41 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1992-7711（2016）06-081-01

介词是用在名词，名词词组之前，表示词语之间意义关系的词类。介词能和不同的词搭配，表示不同的意义。本文将总结常见介词的意义。

1.in

a.在……里面。 eg. Shanghai is a first – tire city in China.

b.表示时间，用在年份、月份、季节和周之前。eg. He was born in October.

c.在……方面。eg. He does well in English.

d.使用某种材料或使用何种方式。eg. He is doing his homework in pencil./ Whats this in English？

e.表示引起某种情感的原因或理由，常和表示“自满、喜悦”等的词连用， 如：delight， glory， take pride， take pleasure等等。eg. He took great pride in his achievements.

2.on

a.在……上，表示平面概念，用在平原，海洋，湖泊等平坦和广阔的地方。eg. He was born on the farm.

b.表示时间，用在具体的日期或具体的某一天的上午、下午和晚上之前。eg. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.

c.关于， 表示学术性。eg. He is going to make a speech on English literature.

3.at

a.表示空间位置上的一点。一般指较小的地方，像车站，学校，工厂等。eg. I live at 201， Lijiang street. / Who is knocking at the door？

b.在……旁边， 表示在门、窗、桌等的旁边。eg. He smiled as he welcomed some customers warmly at the door.

c.常与 be surprised， wonder， weep， be frightened， be shocked， be astonished 等词连用， 表示因见到或听到一件事后所产生的某种情感。 eg. The young girl wept at the sad news.

4.of

a.表示所属关系。 the window of the house， 75% of students

b.表示某种情感，常与glad， fond， proud， vain， afraid ， ashamed， tired 等词连用，表示原因。 eg. She is proud of her achievements.

c.由 ……组成。 The desk is made of wood.

d.与名词连用相当于该名词的形容词形式。 eg. The speech is important. = The speech is of importance.

5.by

a.靠近， 在……旁边。 The woman sitting by the window is my friend.

b.用在被动语态中用来连接动作的发出者。 eg. The window was cleaned by my mother.

c.凭借某种工具。eg. He went there by bus.

6.with

a.和，同。 eg. He lived with his father.

b.使用。He signed the agreement with the pen.

c.带有；具有。eg. The restaurant served raw vegetables with hamburgers.

d.随着。eg. With the development of technology， its much easier for people to keep in touch with each other.

e.与名词连用， 相当于该名词的副词形式。 eg. with amazement = amazedly， with curiosity= curiously

f.表示某种情感的原因， 一般指因外界因素所引起的身体或心理状态的变化，常和tremble， weep， cry， jump， shout， angry ， excited 等词连用。 eg. The little boy trembled with fear.

7.from

a.从…… 开始。 eg. The temperature ranges from 2°c to 5 °c.

b.来自与， 表示出处。 eg. He comes from America.

c.有……制成。 eg. The coat is made from silk.

d.使……免遭；免受。 eg. We should do whatever we do to stop the earth from being polluted.

8.between

a.两者之间。 eg. divide the apple between Jack and Jim.

b.表示三者和三者以上当中每两者之间的关系。eg. the relationship between countries.

c.在……中间； 介于……之间。eg. I would sit between Jack and Jim.

9.before 在……之前，即表示时间又表示空间。eg. Before the building， there is a square./ Could you finish it before 8 oclock.

10.after 在……之后，即表示时间又表示空间。 eg. After work， he would have a cup of tea when he worked there.

11.beyond

a.超出。eg. Her beauty is beyond description.

b.在…… 的那一边。 eg. There is a villa beyond the hill.

12.despite 虽然，尽管。 eg. Despite the bad weather， he came on time.

13.like 像。 eg. He looks like his father.

14.under 在……下面。eg. Under the guidance of my teacher， I have made great progress in English.

15.beside 在…… 旁边 He is sitting beside me.