学会抓线索，突破“七选五”

周其林　胡菊英

做好“七选五”阅读，要善于抓“两大线索”：

线索一：抓好主题，分析文章（段落）结构。关注文章的大标题和段落的小标题；关注每段的首尾句，首句通常是文章的主题句，尾句通常是总结句，过渡句具有承上启下的作用。

线索二：理清逻辑，寻找线索词汇或句子。

1. 关注语句间的连接词，常见的表示因果关系的有so，therefore，thus，hence，accordingly，consequently，as a result等，表示顺承关系的有first，second，third ...，first，next，then等，表示转折关系的有however，nevertheless，though，yet，in spite of，on the contrary，otherwise等。

2. 如果空在段尾，它通常是结论、概括性语句，关注在选项中表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word等词语。

3. 关注原词复现，近义、同义或反义的词汇。

4. 关注代词或定冠词。巧妙利用这样的指代关系，然后根据代词的单复数差异可以准确、快速地解题。

下面我们以2015年高考新课标Ⅰ卷的七选五阅读为例，说明以上步骤和技巧。

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 That is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately， weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from， lied to， misled， or cheated on， there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. 37 Its understandable， but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again， we have some steps you can take to get you there.

38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

39 If youve been betrayed， you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives， well have our trust tested or violated.

You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost， what is left？ Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle， look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead， its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.

答案 BEACG

解题步骤及推理思路如下：

1. 通读7个选项，理解句意，对选项内容留下大致的印象。根据选项中的关键词可以推测出文章的主题或线索，初步确定关联选项。

2. 快速浏览全文，抓好主题，分析篇章结构。通常情况下根据标题或首段内容即可知整篇文章的主题，通过分析篇章结构可以更好地从整体上把握文章的主题。不难看出，本文为“总分总”结构，从第二段中的some steps可以推论出38、39两空为分述的“steps”。

3. 理清逻辑，寻找线索词汇，逐一推理， 选定答案。

第36空后面表示转折关系的But表明后面句子与前面的句子是转折关系，由后句中But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust ... 可推测空处所表达的意思与选项中的put confidence in someone相符合，故选B；

第37空前句的主语people与选项E的主语They指涉的对象相同，选项中用人称代词替代上文所谈到的人，同时空前句子中的cant trust anymore与E选项中的again相呼应。故37空应选E；

第38、39空位于段首，属于该段的中心句。根据38空后Having confidence in yourself和A选项中的trust yourself意义一致，属于同义或近义词组，故选A；

39空后面的关键词victim在C选项中出现，属原词复现，故选C；

第40空前出现的be thankful for all the good ...与G选项中的Seeing the positive side of意义一致，故选G。

4. 选完答案后，通读全文，将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境，能否承接前后的写作线索，使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。