氧化应激对静脉性溃疡SDF-1α/CXCR4时相性表达的影响
2016-04-01钟武,杨帆
钟 武,杨 帆
(西南医科大学附属医院急诊医学部,四川泸州 646000)
氧化应激对静脉性溃疡SDF-1α/CXCR4时相性表达的影响
钟 武,杨 帆
(西南医科大学附属医院急诊医学部,四川泸州 646000)
目的:探讨静脉性溃疡组织中氧化应激反应对SDF-1α/CXCR4表达时相的影响。方法:56例静脉性溃疡患者的溃疡创面标本,其中男性40例,女性16例,按病程分为:2周组;3周组;4周组;5周组,以正常皮肤56例作为对照组,测定氧化应激产物丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)。Western blot检测各组溃疡创面SDF-1α、CXCR4表达趋势,结果用灰度值分析;用免疫荧光双染色检测SDF-1α/CD31在溃疡组织中表达的相关性。结果:发病3周后,静脉性溃疡组织MDA含量较正常皮肤组明显升高(P<0.05),GSH含量则明显降低(P<0.05)。Western blot结果显示静脉性溃疡SDF-1α、CXCR4变化趋势一致,与正常皮肤组比较,病程>3周各组表达显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),氧化应激产物变化与SDF-1α、CXCR4表达联系密切。经免疫荧光双染色显示,发病3周后,静脉性溃疡组织中SDF-1α、CD31的表达下调。结论:静脉性溃疡创面氧化应激反应持续增强,引起SDF-1α/CXCR4表达下调,可能与静脉性溃疡修复障碍有关。
基质细胞衍生因子-1α;趋化因子受体4;静脉性溃疡;氧化应激
静脉性溃疡继发于下肢静脉功能不全[1](chronic venous insufficiency,CVI),治疗效果较差[2]。目前,静脉性溃疡发病机制尚未完全阐明,但已有研究表明氧化应激是静脉性溃疡继发血管新生障碍中的重要环节[3],而基质细胞衍生因子-1α(stromal cell derived factor-1α,SDF-1α)及CXC趋化因子受体4(CXC chemokine receptor 4,CXCR4)组成的生物轴能在缺血缺氧组织中高表达[4],并且氧化应激产物能促进SDF-1α/CXCR4趋化阳性表达的骨髓间充质干细胞向损伤部位募集[5],使其在多种组织的再生过程中发挥着重要调控作用。但是静脉性溃疡组织中氧化应激与SDF-1α/CXCR4表达变化的内在联系尚不清楚,本研究通过观察氧化应激状态下SDF-1α/CXCR4表达的时相性变化,探讨氧化应激对静脉性溃疡修复的影响机制。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料与分组
采集我院2014年1月至2015年1月收治的56例静脉性溃疡患者下肢溃疡创面标本,其中男性40例,女性16例,平均年龄(55.37±4.22)岁,按溃疡病程分为:2周组;3周组;4周组;5周组。每组14人。取材要求:切除与正常皮肤交界处溃疡组织,约0.3 cm×0.3 cm大小,以检测氧化应激对溃疡修复的影响。取下肢浅表良性肿瘤梭形切除时的正常皮肤56例作为对照组,平均年龄(56.48±4.37)岁,取材前排除血管性疾病、糖尿病等。
1.2 实验试剂及仪器
谷胱甘肽(GSH)试剂盒,丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒(南京建成公司),小鼠SDF-1α单克隆抗体(abcom,英国),小鼠多克隆二抗(abcom,英国),兔CXCR4多隆抗体(abcom,英国),兔多克隆二抗(abcom,英国),小鼠CD31多克隆抗体(GenTex,美国),小鼠多克隆二抗(GenTex,美国),小鼠GAPDH单克隆抗体(abcom,英国),BZI-9000荧光显微镜 (日本),LAS400显像系统(日本)。
1.3 MDA、GSH检测
取正常皮肤、静脉性溃疡新鲜组织后,碾磨成组织匀浆,用MDA检测试剂盒,硫代巴比妥酸法测定标本中的MDA含量;比色法定量测定GSH含量。
1.4 Western blot检测
RIPA提取组织蛋白,凝胶电泳后转膜,脱脂牛奶封闭 2 h分别滴加一抗SDF-1α(1∶1 000)、CXCR4(1∶1 000)和GAPDH(1∶1 000),4℃孵育过夜。次日,洗膜后滴加相应小鼠多克隆二抗(1∶2 000),兔多克隆二抗(1∶2 000)。室温孵育1 h用LAS400显像系统观察显影,成像后采用IMAGE J2X软件测定条带灰度值行半定量分析。
1.5 免疫荧光双染色
每个标本连续切5 μm厚切片,经固定、通透后山羊血清室温封闭30 min,分别滴加兔CXCR4多隆抗体(1∶100)、小鼠CD31多克隆抗体(1∶100),避光孵育 1 h后,加入对应兔多克隆二抗(1∶200),小鼠多克隆二抗(1∶200);荧光显微镜下观察、采集图像。
1.6 统计学处理
2 结果
2.1 不同类型溃疡MDA、GSH的浓度检测。
在532 nm和 420 nm分别测定正常皮肤组和溃疡组MDA、GSH的吸光度,经公式计算正常皮肤组MDA的含量为(0.41±0.33)nmol∕mL,GSH的含量为(8.52±1.91)nmol∕mL;MDA、GSH浓度在静脉性溃疡病程三周开始明显高于正常皮肤组,且时间越长,升高越明显,差异均具有统计学意义 (P<0.05,见表1)。
表1 各组溃疡MDA、GSH含量比较(nmol∕mL,)
表1 各组溃疡MDA、GSH含量比较(nmol∕mL,)
注:a表示与皮肤对照组、静脉性溃疡2 W组比较,P<0.05;b表示与静脉性溃疡3 W组比较,P<0.05;c表示与静脉性溃疡4 W组比较,P<0.05
组别正常皮肤组静脉性溃疡2 W组静脉性溃疡3 W组静脉性溃疡4 W组静脉性溃疡5 W组n 56 14 14 14 14 F P MDA(nmol∕mL)0.41±0.33 0.56±0.54 2.55±0.41a5.69±0.41ab8.86±0.46abc5.391<0.05 GSH(mg∕L)8.52±1.91 7.94±1.17 5.60±1.02a2.88±0.71ab1.13±0.62abc6.332<0.05
2.2 SDF-1α/CXCR4在溃疡组织中的表达
通过Western blot检测,静脉性溃疡组中发病3周后SDF-1α、CXCR4表达明显升高,但4周后,随着MDA浓度持续升高,SDF-1α、CXCR4含量逐渐下降,直至 5周时已降至正常水平,灰度值分析显示,静脉性溃疡病程2周、3周组与正常皮肤比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见图1A、1B。病程 4周、5周组与病程2周、3周组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见图1A、1C。
图1 各组静脉性溃疡SDF-1α、CXCR4表达的时相性变化
2.3 SDF-1α、CD31免疫荧光双染色
SDF-1α、CD31双染色,结果示:静脉性溃疡早期(2~3周),SDF-1α、CD31表达上调,病程4周、5周组SDF-1α、CD31表达显著降低,在某些区域出现点状融合,共同表达于溃疡组织中(图2)。
图2 免疫荧光双染色检测静脉性溃疡各个病程组SDF-1α/CD31表达相关性(×400)
3 讨论
氧化应激在调控细胞凋亡、增殖、衰老和分化过程中起着关键作用[6]。脂质过氧化产物—丙二醛可反映溃疡组织过氧化程度[7],GSH参与清除ROS防护氧化应激对机体产生的损伤[8]。其含量可在一定程度上反映机体的抗氧化能力[8-9]。目前人类已知的趋化因子达40多种,SDF-1α属于CXC类,它可以激活其特异性受体CXCR4,在缺血、缺氧的环境下表达增强[10],促进血管新生[11],CXCR4会诱导间充质干细胞在SDF-1α/CXCR4生物轴的调控下向损伤部位迁移,提高损伤修复功能[12]。SDF-1α/CXCR4通路还参与骨髓中性粒细胞动员[13],与组织损伤后中性粒细胞向损伤部位的迁移密切相关[14]。目前已证实,SDF-1α/CXCR4生物轴这种募集细胞促进损伤修复的过程在骨、肌肉等多种组织器官损伤修复中有极大的调控潜力[15]。
对于静脉性溃疡,其再生修复过程需要稳定的内环境,充足的血供和前体细胞以及多种活性因子协同参与[16],在溃疡组织中,氧化应激一方面可直接介导组织损伤,另一方面活性氧自由基可抑制组织促修复因子(SDF-1、FGF、EGF、TGF-β等)向损伤部位迁移[17],临床上表现为创面迁延不愈。本研究针对氧化应激与SDF-1α/CXCR4的内在联系,结果发现在静脉性溃疡创面SDF-1α、CXCR4与MDA、GSH出现明显变化是从病程3周开始,随着MDA浓度持续升高,GSH含量不足以抑制局部氧化作用,3周后溃疡SDF-1α、CXCR4表达随即受到明显抑制,病程5周时已降至正常水平,CXCR4变化趋势与SDF-1α一致,氧化应激导致局部SDF-1α/CXCR4的量相对不足。同样,病程3周后CD31、CXCR4表达下降,与Western blot检测SDF-1α、CXCR4的时相变化一致,结合分析MDA、GSH变化趋势表明氧化应激明显抑制溃疡局部血管新生。以上结果说明,病程前3周可能是静脉性溃疡病情演变的时间窗。
研究表明:静脉性溃疡创面氧化应激反应持续增强,抗氧化能力减弱,抑制SDF-1α/CXCR4生物轴对损伤组织的修复功能,阻碍血管新生,加重局部缺血缺氧程度,如果争取在SDF-1α/CXCR4变化时间窗内(发病3周内)进行抗氧化应激相关治疗,有望成为此类疾病新的治疗方向。
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(2016-01-20收稿)
Effect of oxidative stress on the expression of SDF-1琢/CXCR4 in venous ulcer
Zhong Wu,Yang Fan
Department of Emergency Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,Sichuan Province,China
Objective:To investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 in venous ulcer.Methods:Ulcer samples were obtained from 56 patients including 40 males and 16 females with lower extremity venous ulcer treated.The ulcer samples were divided into 2,3,4,and 5 weeks groups based on the duration of the disease,and normal skin samples from 56 patients were used as controls.The oxidative stress products,MDA and GSH were analyzed.The expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 was analyzed by western blot followed by densitometry analysis,and the colocalization ofSDF-1α and CD31 wasevaluated by immunofluorescence double staining.Results:After 3 weeks the concentration of MDA increased,whereas that of GSH decreased significantly(P<0.05)respe-ctively compared to controls.The expression of both SDF-1α and CXCR4 was gradually decreased,which became significant(P<0.05)after 3 weeks compared with that in the control groups.Immunofluorescence double staining revealed that the level of SDF-1α and CD31 was also markedly decreased in the venous ulcer group after 3 weeks compared with those in the control group,SDF-1α and CD31 colocalization was observed.Conclusion:The decreased expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 induced by oxidative stress is possibly associated with the pathogenesis of venous ulcer.
Stromal cell derived factor-1α;Chemokine recceptor 4;Venous ulcer;Oxidative stress
R654.4
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000-2669.2016.02.004
钟 武(1973-),男,主任医师,教授。E-mail:zhongwu2876@sina.com