从观察实物开始进行小学英语写作教学

张渝

摘要：在写作教学中，教师可以引导学生观察自己身边熟悉的实物，进行写作尝试，这样，不仅让学生有话可写，而且可以提高他们的写作兴趣，本文，笔者以课堂教学实践为例，简要介绍以观察实物为主线，从明确写作任务，探讨熟悉的实物，以图促写到修改习作的小学英语写作教学的一些做法。

关键词：写作教学;观察实物;以图促写;修改习作

中图分类号：G623.3文献标识码：A     文章编号：1992-7711（2015）17-076-1

提高学生的写作兴趣在小学阶段是非常重要的，要让学生有话可写，觉得写作并不困难。学生身边的实物是他们非常熟悉的，因此以身边实物为主线的话题写作十分有趣。本文笔者以课堂教学实践为例，简要介绍以观察实物为主线的小学英语写作教学的一些做法。具体教学过程如下：

1.上课伊始，教师用多媒休呈现一张学校照片与学生进行交流，并明确告诉学生本课的教学任务是写一篇关于my school的英语短文。

2.之后，教师和学生一起谈一谈学生自己所熟悉的学校，在谈论的过程中，教师适时地对谈论内容进行概括和总结。对话内容如下：

T： We have a big and beautiful school. Do you like it？

S1： Yes， we do.

T： Whats in your school？

S1： There are three tall buildings and a big playground.

T： Yes. We study in the teaching building. Do you like your classroom？

S1： Yes. Its big and bright.

S2： There are some desks and chairs in it.

S3： There is a computer and a TV in it.

S4： There are some pictures and a bookcase in it.

S5： We study and play in it.

T： Oh， I see. You like your classroom. There are some some desks and chairs in it. There is a blackboard on the wall. Near the blackboard， there is a bookcase. In the bookcase， there are some books. There is a TV and some pictures on the wall. We can study and play in the classroom. Are you happy in the classroom？

Ss： Yes， we are.

……

3.教师让学生用文字对自己所爱的学校进行描述，之后小组内成员相互阅读交流，在交流的过程中，对知识点的错误或语言的合理优美性进行修改，通过口头和书面表达相结合的方式帮助学生吸收并内化自己的语言，发挥创造性，并不断提练写作经验，完善自己的写作能力，培养综合运用语言能力。赵紫妍同学的习作《My school》最终成稿内容如下：

My school is big and new. There are many trees and flowers in it.

Look， There are three tall buildings. In the buildings， there are fortyeight clsaarooms， two large reading rooms， three music rooms， two art rooms， two computer rooms and some offices. I like the reading rooms best. There are lots of books， I can learn a lot from the books.

Near the buildings， there is a big playground. We often run， jump， play football and play games in it.

Little friends， Whats your school like？

4.鼓励学生观察身边的实物，积极思考，将所看所想以文字的形式表现出来，提高学生写作兴趣，激发学生写作热情，拓展学生写作思路，让学生愿写作，爱写作。部分学生写作如下：

[学生写作1]A small house

I live in a small house with my parents. The house is bright and beautiful. There is a sittingroom， a kitchen， a bathroom and two bedrooms in my house. Now lets have a look at them. This the sittingroom. I often watch TV with my parents here. Look！ That is the kitchen. Next to it is the bathroom. These are two bedrooms. The big one is for my parents and the small one is for me. I dont have a study. So I always do my homework in my bedroom. In my bedroom， there is a desk and there are some books on it it. I like reading books.

I like my house very much.

[学生写作2]I like my pencilcase

I have a pencilcase. Its big and nice. On the pencilcase， there is a big green tree. It looks like a big unbrella. Under the tree， there is a dog and a cat. The dog has a guitar. He is playing the guitar. The cat has some flowers in her hands. She is singing and dancing. They look very happy.

I like the cute dog and the lovely cat. I like my pencilcase.

英语写作训练是提高学生英语运用能力的重要方式之一，是小学生综合语言运用能力的书面体现（沈国锋，2009）。学生刚开始习作的时候，可能会出现这样或那样的问题，教师要耐心细致地引导学生从身边的实物进行写作，减少学生写作难度，增强学生写作兴趣，提高学生语言综合运用能力。

[参考文献]

[1]沈国锋.基于教材的小学高年级英语写作教学实践[J].中小学外语教学（小学篇），2012（03）.