褪黑素减轻浸水-束缚应激大鼠胃黏膜损伤
2015-07-31桂红珍盛剑秋
桂红珍,杨 浪,金 鹏,盛剑秋
(北京军区总医院 消化内科, 北京 100700)
研究论文
褪黑素减轻浸水-束缚应激大鼠胃黏膜损伤
桂红珍,杨 浪,金 鹏,盛剑秋*
(北京军区总医院 消化内科, 北京 100700)
目的探讨褪黑素(MT)对大鼠应激性胃溃疡的保护作用及对胃黏膜MMP-9、MMP-2 和TIMP-2表达的影响。方法用浸水-束缚应激(WIRS) 建立大鼠应激性溃疡模型。应激前30 min,分别腹腔注射褪黑素10、20、40和60 mg/kg。应激3 h后,观察大鼠胃黏膜病变,对溃疡指数(UI)进行评分;组织学观察胃出血;用real-time PCR及Western blot检测胃黏膜MMP-9、MMP-2和TIMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表达。结果WIRS应激3 h能成功诱导大鼠应激性胃溃疡。预先注射MT可明显降低应激性胃溃疡大鼠的UI(P<0.01),明显降低黏膜层炎性细胞浸润数(P<0.01)。WIRS诱导大鼠胃黏膜MMP-9和MMP-2 mRNA和蛋白表达上调(P<0.01),TIMP-2则下降;MT预处理后,MMP-2/MMP-9明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01); 而TIMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表达增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论MT可能通过下调MMP-9和MMP-2表达,及增加TIMP-2表达,减轻WIRS诱导的大鼠应激性胃溃疡。
应激;胃溃疡;褪黑素;基质金属蛋白酶;细胞外基质
胃溃疡的发病与胃组织细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)重塑的调节异常有关[1-2]。基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases,MMPs)选择性降解ECM的成分,在ECM重塑中起重要作用。MMPs是一组Zn2+依赖的内源性蛋白水解酶,在多种炎性反应疾病发病中起重要作用,其中MMP-9和MMP-2对大鼠急性和慢性胃溃疡具有不同的调节作用[3];其活性受转录、分泌、酶原激活及金属蛋白酶抑制剂(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases,TIMPs)调节[4]。
褪黑素(melatonin,MT)是一种内源性物质,主要由松果体分泌,在胃肠道中有较高的活性,近年来发现MT通过增强谷胱甘肽水平、减少髓过氧物酶、防止脂质过氧化作用保护吲哚美辛诱导的大鼠胃溃疡[5-6]。MT对大鼠应激性胃溃疡MMPs的影响如何?本研究探讨MT对大鼠胃黏膜MMP-2、MMP-9及TIMP-2表达的影响,旨在进一步探讨MT对应激性胃黏膜损伤的保护作用及可能机制。
1 材料与方法
1.1 实验动物、试剂
SPF级SD雄性大鼠60只,6周龄,180~220 g(维通利华实验动物技术有限公司,动物合格证号34760)。MT及SDS-PAGE试剂(Sigma公司), Trizol试剂盒(Invitrogen公司),PCR引物(生工生物工程(上海)有限公司),M-MLV反转录试剂盒(Takara公司),real-time PCR扩增试剂盒(北京中原领先科技有限公司),MMP-9和MMP-2一抗(Millipore公司),GAPDH一抗(康成生物),其他试剂均为国产分析纯。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 实验分组及给药:将大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、应激+MT组(再分10、20、40、60 mg/kg组,应激前30 min腹腔注射预处理)。应激+MT组于应激前30 min腹腔注射预处理,模型组应激前30 min腹腔注射等体积0.9%氯化钠注射液。常规WIRS诱导大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型。
1.2.2 溃疡指数(ulcer index,UI)测定:浸水应激3 h、乙醚麻醉后颈椎脱臼法处死动物,进行UI评估[7]:点状出血为1分,线状出血长度<1 mm为2分,1~2 mm为3分,2~4 mm为4分,>4 mm为5分,宽度>1 mm时分值×2。每只动物的累计总分即为该动物的溃疡指数。溃疡抑制率(%)= (模型组溃疡指数均值-实验组溃疡指数均值/模型组溃疡指数均值) ×100 %。
1.2.3 组织学观察:评估UI之后切取部分胃组织,常规组织病理制片进行组织学观察,在400倍显微镜下,分别记录黏膜层5个不同视野内炎性细胞浸润数量,取平均数作为该标本的炎性细胞浸润数量。
1.2.4 Real-time PCR检测:载玻片均匀刮取胃黏膜,Trizol法提取胃黏膜组织总RNA。紫外分光光度计检测RNA浓度及纯度。cDNA合成按照反转录试剂盒说明书操作。扩增引物序列见表1。扩增条件为:94 ℃ 2 min,94 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 60 s,72 ℃ 10 min,循环45次。用2-ΔΔCT法计算各个样本目的基因的表达变化[8]。
表1 扩增基因引物序列Table 1 Amplification gene sequence primers
1.3 统计学分析
2 结果
2.1 大鼠UI测定结果
大鼠经束缚-浸水应激3 h,建立了SD大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型。模型组大鼠的整个胃组织上皮表面可见大量的出血点。与模型组比较, MT20、40及60 mg/kg组的UI均显著低于模型组(P<0.01),而且MT剂量越大,UI值越小(表2,图1)。
表2 各组溃疡指数、溃疡抑制率比较Table 2 Comparison of ulcer index,ulcer inhibition rate(n=10)
*P< 0.01 compared with model group.
2.2 组织学观察结果
模型组中可见胃小凹连续性中断和腺上皮凋亡,糜烂灶形成。MT预处理的各组别中, MT 10 mg组病变仍明显,与模型组差别不大;但随着MT剂量加大,病变逐渐减轻,MT 60 mg组可明显预防应激胃黏膜的形成。MT 20、40及MT 60 mg/kg组黏膜层炎性细胞浸润数均显著低于模型组(P<0.01)(图2)。
2.3 MT预处理对WIRS大鼠胃黏膜MMP-2、MMP-9 及TIMP-2 mRNA和蛋白表达的影响
与对照组比较,模型组大鼠胃黏膜MMP-2及MMP-9的mRNA和蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.01)。MT 10、20、40和60 mg/kg预处理组与模型组比较均明显下降(P<0.0 5或P<0.01)。而TIMP-2的mRNA和蛋白表达趋势与之相反, MT 40、60 mg/kg预处理组与模型组比较均明显升高(P<0.0 5) (图3)。
A.blank control; B.model group; C.MT 10 mg/kg; D.MT 20 mg/kg; E.MT 40 mg/kg; F.MT 60 mg/kg图1 MT预处理后浸水-束缚应激大鼠的胃组织形态学Fig 1 Morphology of gastric tissues pre-treated by MT in water-immersion and restraint stress (WIRS) rats
A.blank control; B.model group; C.MT 10 mg/kg; D.MT 20 mg/kg; E.MT 40 mg/kg; F.MT 60 mg/kg图2 MT预处理后浸水-束缚应激大鼠的胃组织病理图Fig 2 Histological appearances of gastric tissues pre-treated by MT in water-immersion and restraint stress(WIRS) rats(×200)
A.mRNA level of MMP-2; B.mRNA level of MMP-9; C.mRNA level of TIMP-2; D.protein level of MMP-2; E.protein level of MMP-9; F.protein level of TIMP-2; G.representative Western blot of MMP-2,MMP-9 and TIMP-2; #P<0.01 compared with blank control group;*P<0.05 compared with model group; **P<0.01 compared with model group图3 MT对WIRS大鼠胃黏膜MMP-2、MMP-9及TIMP-2 mRNA及蛋白表达的影响Fig 3 Effect of melatonin on MMP-2,MMP-9 and TIMP-2 mRNA expression and protein level in rat mucosa duringprevention of WIRS-induced gastric damage (n=6)
3 讨论
应激是急性胃黏膜病变的主要原因之一,通过引起胃酸向胃黏膜逆向扩散,胃黏膜血流减少,抑制黏膜前列腺素产生,黏液素减少,氧化应激增加,中性粒细胞激活,胃黏膜细胞生长和增生抑制等机制引起胃损伤[9-10]。应激因素可能长期存在,而目前长期应用抑酸药预防溃疡易引起并发症。因此有必要探索其他作用强、不良反应小的预防溃疡的药物。本研究观察MT对应激性胃溃疡发生的影响,结果显示MT 40 mg/kg对WIRS诱导的大鼠胃损伤具有保护作用,随着剂量增加效果更加明显。
培养的胃上皮细胞分泌MMP-2、MMP-3、MMP-7、MMP-9[11-12],提示ECM蛋白和ECM降解酶(MMPs)参与胃溃疡发病。本研究发现WIRS大鼠胃黏膜MMP-9、MMP-2在转录和翻译水平的表达上调,支持MMPs参与应激性溃疡的发生。与本研究结果类似,在大鼠慢性胃溃疡模型进行的研究中,吲哚美辛可引起MMP-2和MMP-9活性增加,表明MMPs参与胃十二指肠溃疡发病[3,13]。在基因和蛋白水平调节MMPs的表达,是胃溃疡形成和愈合过程中ECM降解和重塑的潜在机制[14]。有关应激性溃疡MMPs的表达、释放和激活形成活化形式的确切机制还有待进一步研究。
本研究显示,应激性胃溃疡大鼠胃组织MMP-9和MMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表达下调同时, TIMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表达增加,提示TIMP-2可能通过调节MMP-9和MMP-2活性,共同参与应激性溃疡的发生。本研究还发现MT能反向抑制MMP-9和MMP-2并同时增加TIMP-2的mRNA及蛋白表达。与本研究结果一致,在乙醇诱导的大鼠胃溃疡模型中,MT能反向抑制TIMP-1和TIMP-2的表达[15]。提示MT可能通过调节MMPs和TIMP预防应激性溃疡的发生,然而其具体分子机制尚待进一步阐明。
总之, MT可能通过下调MMP-9和MMP-2表达及增加TIMP-2表达,减轻WIRS诱导的大鼠应激性胃溃疡。MT可能是治疗应激性胃溃疡的具有前景的重要补充,了解MT对溃疡的MMP调节机制,有助于MT未来应用于控制临床疾病的必要基础。
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Melatorin alleviates gastric mucosal injury induced by water-immersion and restraint seress in rats
GUI Hong-zhen,YANG Lang,JIN Peng,SHENG Jian-qiu*
(Dept.of Gastroenterology,the Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA,Beijing 100700,China)
Objective To investigative the protective effects of melatonin (MT) in gastric stress ulcer of rat and expression of MMP-9,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in mucosa.Methods Stress ulcer model was established by water-immersion and restraint stress (WIRS).Melatonin at dose of 10,20,40,60 mg/kg were administrated in different group of rat at 30 min before the onset of WIRS.The rat mucosa was examined and ulcer index was evaluated after 3 hours stress.Mucosa hemorrhage was determined by histology.In addition,the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-9,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were measured by PCR and western blot.Results The rat stress ulcer model can be established by WIRS at 3 hours.Pre-administration of melatonin can decrease the ulcer index (UI) and inflammatory cells in mucosa(P<0.01).In addition,the mRNA and protein level of MMP-9 and MMP-2 was increased,TIMP-2 was decreased in WIRS induced rat ulcer model (P<0.01).Moreover,the mRNA and protein level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was inhibited,while TIMP-2 was promoted by melatonin in stress induced ulcer(P<0.05 orP<0.01).Conclusions The alleviation role of Melatonin on WIRS-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats may partly exert through regulating the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and TIMP-2.
stress; gastric ulcer; melatonin; matrix metal protein ases; extracellular matrix
2014-09-18
2014-12-02
全军医学科技“十二五”科研项目(BWS11J058)
*通信作者(corresponding author):lina201207012@163.com
1001-6325(2015)03-0318-05
R573.1
A