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上海市松江区居民慢性肾脏病与高尿酸血症相关性研究

2014-12-22夏燕平宋莹顾善忠

中国医药科学 2014年22期
关键词:慢性肾脏病高尿酸血症

夏燕平 宋莹 顾善忠 等

[摘要] 目的 探讨上海市松江区居民CKD与高尿酸血症的相关性。 方法 选取2010年2月~2013年2月上海市松江区居民体检人群中CKD合并高尿酸血症患者244例,并按统计学四分位数方法选出高尿酸组和相对低尿酸组患者,对比两组患者的年龄,BMI,SBP,DBP,CHOL,GLU,GFR。用线性回归方法分析各变量与GFR的相关性。 结果 两组比较,年龄、CHOL、GLU等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);低尿酸组的BMI,SBP,DBP等显著低于高尿酸组,GFR显著高于高尿酸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);GFR与血尿酸、年龄、收缩压(SBP)、BMI呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血尿酸与GFR独立相关。 结论 高尿酸血症是影响GFR的独立危险因素,建议临床上发现CKD合并高尿酸血症的患者应该及时纠正高尿酸血症从而防止CKD的进展、恶化。

[关键词] 慢性肾脏病;高尿酸血症;肾小球滤过率

[中图分类号] R692 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616(2014)22-10-03

慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)已成为继心脑血管疾病、肿瘤、糖尿病之后又一个威胁人类健康的重要疾病,成为全球性公共卫生问题,成为新的流行病。CKD已是人类面临的主要健康问题,其诊断标准为肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)<60mL/(min*1.73m2)[1]。检测微量白蛋白等指标可以早期发现慢性肾脏病的趋势,及早进行治疗[2]。CKD是一种慢性疾病,很难痊愈,患者往往越来越严重,最后导致肾衰竭危及生命,因此,探究CKD的相关危险因素显得极为重要。

有研究发现,高尿酸血症是发生CKD的独立危险因素[3],且与肾脏疾病的进展相关[4]。但也有

研究未得到两者之间的相关性[5]。对于此争议本研究欲从上海市松江区居民的CKD合并高尿酸血症患者中,进一步探讨高尿酸血症与CKD的相关性。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取上海市松江区居民中于2010年2月~2013年2月患有CKD合并高尿酸血症的患者244例,检测其血尿酸水平,然后按照血尿酸水平将取四分位数和平均数将他们分成4个组,选取血尿酸最高组作为绝对高血尿酸组,选血尿酸最低组作为相对低血尿酸组。CKD的诊断标准为患者GFR<60mL/(min*1.73m2)。选取的患者没有糖尿病等其他代谢疾病。

低尿酸组有患者66例,其中男42例,女24例,年龄18~59岁,平均(42.4±4.5)岁。两组患者的性别,年龄等基本情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 研究方法

分别测量或检测两组患者的BMI(身体质量指数),体重,UA(血清尿酸),SBP(收缩压),DBP(舒张压),TG(甘油三脂),LDL(低密度脂蛋白),HDL(高密度脂蛋白),CHOL(胆固醇),GLU(空腹血糖),GFR,将其平均值分别填入表格,比较两组的差异性。用多元回归方法分析各变量和GFR的相关性。将分析结果填入表格。因为GFR是CKD的直接诊断标准,所以此检测也能反映各变量与CKD的关系。

1.3 统计学处理

采用SPSS15.0软件分析表中数据,血尿酸四分位数比较采用方差分析,计数资料用x2检验分析,计量资料用()表示,并且用t检验进行分析,相关系数计算用回归分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组CKD患者基本指标

2.2 各变量与肾小球滤过率的相关性分析

3 讨论

可能的[1]。近年来的多项横断面研究[6]以及前瞻性研究[7],都认为高尿酸血症是发生CKD的独立危险因素。在对CKD5期患者的研究中发现,尿酸与全因死亡率之间存在相关性[8],尿酸水平最低和最高范围均可增加全因死亡的风险[9]。同时,有学者发现尿酸水平的升高,不仅会促进高血压患者肾功能不全的进展,还会使得CKD3a期的患者发生心血管事件的风险明显增加[10],这可能是尿酸与氧化应激、炎症因子、甲基乙二醛等协同作用的结果[11-12]。

本次研究中就CKD3期合并高尿酸血症 患者做了系统的分析,对象选取了上海市松江区居民中慢性肾病的患者。研究结果表明,血尿酸与GFR独立相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高尿酸同GFR独立相关,除了GFR可以影响血尿酸的排出外,还与血尿酸能够影响肾脏的代谢及变化有关[13]。尿酸可以引起肾脏分泌炎性介质,诱发炎症反应,肾小管间质炎性增生,缺血,产生蛋白尿,引起肾小管间质损伤。浸润的炎性细胞核肾小管上皮细胞分泌生长因子,加重肾组织炎症和纤维化[14]。因此,高尿酸血症可以诱发或加重慢性肾病的发生。及时纠正高尿酸血症可以减轻慢性肾病的症状,阻碍慢性肾病的进程,改善其预后[15]。

本研究只是针对上海市松江区居民,虽然有一定的临床意义,但是也不可以否认其局限性。综上所述,上海市松江区居民CKD与高尿酸血症存在一定的相关性,高尿酸血症是影响GFR的独立因素,我们建议临床上发现高尿酸血症的患者应该及时纠正高尿酸血症从而防止慢性肾病的发生及恶化[16-17],这对于CKD3期的预后与治疗均具有积极的意义。

[参考文献]

[1] Kasiske BL,Wheeler DC.KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of CKD [J].Kidney International Supplements,2013,11(3 ):63-72.

[2] 周弋,齐慧,赵根明,等.上海市浦东新区居民高尿酸血症与慢性肾病相关性研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2012,33(4):351-355.

[3] Iseki k,Ikemiya Y,Inoue T,et al.Significance of hyperuricemia as a risk factor for developing ESRD in a screened cohort[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2004,44(4):642-650.

[4] Iseki k,Oshrio S,Tozawa M,et al.Significance of hyperuricemia on the early detection of renal failure in a cohort of screened subjects[J].Hypertens Res,2001,24 (6):691-697.

[5] Madero M,Sarnak MJ,Wang XL,et al.Uric acid and long-term outcomes in CKD[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2009,53(5):796-803.

[6] Chonchol M,Shlipak MG,Katz R,et al.Relationship ofuric acid with progression of kiney disease[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2007,50(2):239-247.

[7] Obermayr RP,Temml C,Gutjahr G,et al.Elevated uric acid increases the risk for kiney disease[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2008,19(6):1204-1211.

[8] Krishnan E,Pandya BJ,Chung L,et al.Hyperuricemia and the risk for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis data from a prospective observational cohort study[J].Arthritis Res Ther,2011,13(2):66.

[9] Chen JH,Chuang SY,Chen HJ,et al.Serum uric acid level as an independent risk factor for all cause.cardiovascular,and isehemic stroke mortality:a Chinese cohort study[J].Arthritis Rheum,2009,61(2):225-232.

[10] Ito S,Naritomi H,Ogihara T.Impact of serum uric acid on renal function and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients treated with losartain [J].Hypertens Res,2012,35(8):867-873.

[11] Ogawa S,Nakayama K, Nakayama K,et al.Methylglyoxal is a predictor in type 2 diabetic patients of intima-media thickening and elevation of blood pressure [J]. Hypertension,2010,56(3):471-476.

[12] Libetta C,Sepe V,Esposito P,et al.Oxidative stress and inflammation: implications in uremia and hemodialysis [J].Clin Biochem,2011,44(14-15):1189-1198.

[13] 邹贵勉,眭维国,晏强,等.肾移植后高尿酸血症对移植肾远期功能的影响[J].解放军医学杂志,2009,34(9):1108-1110.

[14] George J,Struthers AD.Role of urate,xanthine oxidase and the efects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress[J].Vase Health Risk Manag,2009,5(1):265-272.

[15] 郑东鹏.老年人高尿酸血症与代谢综合征组分的关系[J].上海医药,2012,33(10):29-31.

[16] 于峰,姚晓霞,韩伏莅.高尿酸血症与颈动脉、股动脉粥样硬化及脑梗死的关系[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2012,15(8):14-16.

[17] Kanbay M,Ozkara A,Selcoki Y,et al. Effect of treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol on blood pressure, creatinine clearence, and proteinuria in patients with normal renal functions[J].Int Urol Nephrol,2007,39:1227-1233.

(收稿日期:2014-07-07)

[2] 周弋,齐慧,赵根明,等.上海市浦东新区居民高尿酸血症与慢性肾病相关性研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2012,33(4):351-355.

[3] Iseki k,Ikemiya Y,Inoue T,et al.Significance of hyperuricemia as a risk factor for developing ESRD in a screened cohort[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2004,44(4):642-650.

[4] Iseki k,Oshrio S,Tozawa M,et al.Significance of hyperuricemia on the early detection of renal failure in a cohort of screened subjects[J].Hypertens Res,2001,24 (6):691-697.

[5] Madero M,Sarnak MJ,Wang XL,et al.Uric acid and long-term outcomes in CKD[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2009,53(5):796-803.

[6] Chonchol M,Shlipak MG,Katz R,et al.Relationship ofuric acid with progression of kiney disease[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2007,50(2):239-247.

[7] Obermayr RP,Temml C,Gutjahr G,et al.Elevated uric acid increases the risk for kiney disease[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2008,19(6):1204-1211.

[8] Krishnan E,Pandya BJ,Chung L,et al.Hyperuricemia and the risk for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis data from a prospective observational cohort study[J].Arthritis Res Ther,2011,13(2):66.

[9] Chen JH,Chuang SY,Chen HJ,et al.Serum uric acid level as an independent risk factor for all cause.cardiovascular,and isehemic stroke mortality:a Chinese cohort study[J].Arthritis Rheum,2009,61(2):225-232.

[10] Ito S,Naritomi H,Ogihara T.Impact of serum uric acid on renal function and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients treated with losartain [J].Hypertens Res,2012,35(8):867-873.

[11] Ogawa S,Nakayama K, Nakayama K,et al.Methylglyoxal is a predictor in type 2 diabetic patients of intima-media thickening and elevation of blood pressure [J]. Hypertension,2010,56(3):471-476.

[12] Libetta C,Sepe V,Esposito P,et al.Oxidative stress and inflammation: implications in uremia and hemodialysis [J].Clin Biochem,2011,44(14-15):1189-1198.

[13] 邹贵勉,眭维国,晏强,等.肾移植后高尿酸血症对移植肾远期功能的影响[J].解放军医学杂志,2009,34(9):1108-1110.

[14] George J,Struthers AD.Role of urate,xanthine oxidase and the efects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress[J].Vase Health Risk Manag,2009,5(1):265-272.

[15] 郑东鹏.老年人高尿酸血症与代谢综合征组分的关系[J].上海医药,2012,33(10):29-31.

[16] 于峰,姚晓霞,韩伏莅.高尿酸血症与颈动脉、股动脉粥样硬化及脑梗死的关系[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2012,15(8):14-16.

[17] Kanbay M,Ozkara A,Selcoki Y,et al. Effect of treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol on blood pressure, creatinine clearence, and proteinuria in patients with normal renal functions[J].Int Urol Nephrol,2007,39:1227-1233.

(收稿日期:2014-07-07)

[2] 周弋,齐慧,赵根明,等.上海市浦东新区居民高尿酸血症与慢性肾病相关性研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2012,33(4):351-355.

[3] Iseki k,Ikemiya Y,Inoue T,et al.Significance of hyperuricemia as a risk factor for developing ESRD in a screened cohort[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2004,44(4):642-650.

[4] Iseki k,Oshrio S,Tozawa M,et al.Significance of hyperuricemia on the early detection of renal failure in a cohort of screened subjects[J].Hypertens Res,2001,24 (6):691-697.

[5] Madero M,Sarnak MJ,Wang XL,et al.Uric acid and long-term outcomes in CKD[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2009,53(5):796-803.

[6] Chonchol M,Shlipak MG,Katz R,et al.Relationship ofuric acid with progression of kiney disease[J].Am J Kidney Dis,2007,50(2):239-247.

[7] Obermayr RP,Temml C,Gutjahr G,et al.Elevated uric acid increases the risk for kiney disease[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2008,19(6):1204-1211.

[8] Krishnan E,Pandya BJ,Chung L,et al.Hyperuricemia and the risk for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis data from a prospective observational cohort study[J].Arthritis Res Ther,2011,13(2):66.

[9] Chen JH,Chuang SY,Chen HJ,et al.Serum uric acid level as an independent risk factor for all cause.cardiovascular,and isehemic stroke mortality:a Chinese cohort study[J].Arthritis Rheum,2009,61(2):225-232.

[10] Ito S,Naritomi H,Ogihara T.Impact of serum uric acid on renal function and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients treated with losartain [J].Hypertens Res,2012,35(8):867-873.

[11] Ogawa S,Nakayama K, Nakayama K,et al.Methylglyoxal is a predictor in type 2 diabetic patients of intima-media thickening and elevation of blood pressure [J]. Hypertension,2010,56(3):471-476.

[12] Libetta C,Sepe V,Esposito P,et al.Oxidative stress and inflammation: implications in uremia and hemodialysis [J].Clin Biochem,2011,44(14-15):1189-1198.

[13] 邹贵勉,眭维国,晏强,等.肾移植后高尿酸血症对移植肾远期功能的影响[J].解放军医学杂志,2009,34(9):1108-1110.

[14] George J,Struthers AD.Role of urate,xanthine oxidase and the efects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress[J].Vase Health Risk Manag,2009,5(1):265-272.

[15] 郑东鹏.老年人高尿酸血症与代谢综合征组分的关系[J].上海医药,2012,33(10):29-31.

[16] 于峰,姚晓霞,韩伏莅.高尿酸血症与颈动脉、股动脉粥样硬化及脑梗死的关系[J].中国实用神经疾病杂志,2012,15(8):14-16.

[17] Kanbay M,Ozkara A,Selcoki Y,et al. Effect of treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol on blood pressure, creatinine clearence, and proteinuria in patients with normal renal functions[J].Int Urol Nephrol,2007,39:1227-1233.

(收稿日期:2014-07-07)

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