浅谈高中生如何提高英语写作水平
2014-09-09赵超鹏
赵超鹏
【摘要】英语写作是一个综合体,是检验学生英语水平的最好方法。高中生由于各种原因,英语写作一直是他们的弱项。多读、多记、多练是提高英语写作最简单、有效的方法。
【关键词】英语写作 阅读 记忆 练习
众所周知,英语写作是学生英语综合能力的集中反映。它不仅要求有一定词汇积累和很好的语法基础,而且也要求学生具有很好的语言组织能力和应用能力。因此,对于很多学生来说,英语写作是一大难题。为什么会产生这样的问题呢?一方面是对英语语言、词汇积累的太少,阅读太少,没有形成良好的学习习惯,没有形成正确的英语思维意识,不理解英汉两种语言的差异;另一方面脑子中记的东西太少,更不用说用来进行书面表达了。怎样才能把英语写作水平提高呢?我觉得应做到三多:多读、多记、多练。
一、多读
英语作为一门语言,需要大量的阅读。古人云“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟”,这是汉语的一种学习方法,同样可借鉴于英语写作。在阅读中,一方面学生可以读到正确的英语句子;另一方面学生也培养了一定的英语语感,有助于学生写出正确的英语句子。阅读不仅仅局限于课本,也可以适当阅读课外材料,英语写作五花八门,这就要求学生平时多读,读的过程中不仅可以记住一些优美的句子,感悟作者要表达的思想感情,而且认真体会原作者的英语写作方式和写作习惯,这样才能避免在英语写作中出现表达不当、词不达意、没有逻辑性的句子或段落。
二、多记
提高英语写作离不开大量的记忆。很多学生有这样的误区:只记单词,认为记住大量词汇,英语写作就没有问题。记单词只是写作的一个重要环节。对于平时课文中出现的一些优美句式、优美句子,也应该牢记在心。这样,写作的时候才不会“书到用时方恨少”。以高一第十七单元(2003人教版)课文中的最后一段为例:“I had to make a decision. Wait to get better or give up? I had to think of my family, which is important to me, and do the right thing. I did so without regret. I had met challenge of solo travel in an extreme climate. It is an experience that I shall never forget and shall value for the rest of my life. ”这一段文字含有精彩的表达(如:think of…/did so without regret/in an extreme climate/It is an experience that…),且句式优美,充分表达了作者的思想感情,而且给人以深刻启示。假如学生遇到类似的作文,就可以创造性地运用这些句子。这样的句子在教材中还有很多。学生也需要记一些不同话题的范文,创造性的在写作中去运用这些范文。
三、多练
读和记只是两个方面。更重要的是要多练。Practice makes perfect。Only practising , practising and practising can make us write successfully。掌握基础的语法和记忆大量的词汇,通过练习才能有效地将二者结合起来,特别是英语的五种基本句型(SV, SVO, SVC, SVoO, SVOC)。通过练习才能使自己在写作中出现的问题暴露出来,才能把所学的、所记的运用出来、才能避免在实际写作过程中犯同样的错误。下面是我的学生写的一篇考试作文:
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am Li Hua. I had came back my home. I am very thank you. When I was in US you helped to me. In my heart you are a good friend, I am proud of you. But I maybe have an English dictionary lost in your home. The dictionary is very important to me. The dictionary is America teacher gave me. It is very important. You help to me find it. If you find out it, please you send it to me. You dont worry postage. I already put it in. If you have free time, send it back to me.
Thank you.
Yours,
Li Hua
这篇作文内容较为全面、格式符合要求,文中也不乏一些好句子(The dictionary is very important to me. I am proud of you), 但也存在着不少明显的问题:1.动词的时态、习惯用法使用有误(helped to me, came back my home, if you find out it);2.汉语式句子较多(I am very thank you,but I may be have an English dictionary lost in your home, the dictionary is America teacher gave me); 3.缺少过渡,衔接不自然。
下面是修改过的作文:
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am Li Hua. I have come back home. Thank you very much for all the kindness I got from you when I was in the US. In my heart you are a good friend, and Im proud of you.
When I came back, I suddenly realized that I had left my English dictionary behind at your home. It is very important to me, because it is from my American teacher. I want you to look for it if you are free. Id appreciate it if you could send it back to me. As for the postage, Ill pay for it. The dictionary must be on the shelf in my rented room. It is the one with a red cover.
Thanks and all the best.
Yours,
Li Hua
学生应避免使用复杂的复合句,多用简单句。简单句结构简单,容易写,不容易出错。还应注意句子之间的过渡。文章是由许多单句组成的,但并不是简单的组合。对于最基本的过渡词语应多记忆并加以练习,如and、but、or、first、second、in a word、for example……最好是在平时写日记时注意运用。这样勤加练习,写作水平肯定会有一定的提高。
总之,对于英语写作我们不能急于求成,在平时学习的基础上,只要我们勤于归纳、整理,勤于练习,勤于思考,才会取得成功。
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