老年糖尿病性白内障患者血清Spexin和Pannexin1表达水平及临床意义
2025-02-15张新桥李幸张慧芹陈海婷刘明远
摘要:目的研究老年糖尿病性白内障患者血清Spexin、缝隙连接蛋白1(Pannexin1)表达水平与糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗水平的相关性。方法选取118例老年糖尿病性白内障患者,对照组为同期在本院进行治疗的103例老年糖尿病非白内障患者。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组血清Spexin、Pannexin1水平;检测糖代谢相关指标:空腹血糖(FPG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c);脂代谢相关指标:三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);胰岛素抵抗相关指标:空腹胰岛素(FINS),计算胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β);采用Pearson法对血清Spexin、Pannexin1水平与糖脂代谢以及胰岛素抵抗指标进行相关性分析;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清Spexin、Pannexin1水平以及二者联合对老年糖尿病患者发生白内障的预测价值。结果观察组Spexin水平较对照组降低,Pannexin1水平较对照组升高(P<0.01)。观察组TG、TC、LDL-C、FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR较对照组升高,HDL-C、ISI、HOMA-β水平较对照组降低(P<0.01)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,老年糖尿病性白内障患者血清Spexin水平与ISI、HOMA-β呈正相关,与TG、TC、LDL-C、FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR呈负相关(P<0.05);血清Pannexin1与ISI、HOMA-β呈负相关,与TG、TC、LDL-C、FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR呈正相关(P<0.05);均与HDL-C不具有相关性(P>0.05)。血清Spexin、Pannexin1二者联合预测老年糖尿病患者发生白内障优于血清Spexin和Pannexin1单独评估(Z二者联合-Spexin=3.220、Z二者联-Pannexin1=4.838,均P<0.001)。结论老年糖尿病性白内障患者血清Spexin表达降低、Pannexin1表达升高,且与糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗存在一定的相关性。
关键词:糖尿病;白内障;胰岛素抵抗;Spexin;缝隙连接蛋白1;糖脂代谢;老年人
中图分类号:R776.1文献标志码:A DOI:10.11958/20240821
Clinical significance of expression levels of serum Spexin and Pannexin 1 inelderly patients with diabetic cataract
ZHANG Xinqiao1,LI Xing1,ZHANG Huiqin1,CHEN Haiting1,LIU Mingyuan2
1 Department of Ophthalmology,2 Department of Anesthesiology,Cangzhou Central Hospital,Cangzhou 061000,China
Abstract:Objective To study the correlation between expression levels of serum Spexin and Pannexin 1 protein,glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in elderly patients with diabetic cataract.Methods A total of 118 elderly diabetic cataract patients were selected as the case group,and 103 elderly diabetic non-cataract patients were selected as the control group who were treated in the same hospital during the same period.Serum levels of Spexin and Pannexin1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Fasting blood glucose(FPG)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)were measured.Lipid metabolism related indicators including triacylglycerol(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),total cholesterol(TC)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were detected in two groups of patients.Insulin resistance related indexes:fasting insulin(FINS),insulin sensitivity index(ISI),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)and islet beta cell function index(HOMA-β)were also detected.The correlation between serum Spexin and Pannexin1 levels,glucolipid metabolism and ISI was detected by Pearson method.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to assess the predictive value of serum Spexin and Pannexin1 levels and their combination in the development of cataract in elderly diabetic patients.Results The level of Spexin was lower in the observation group than that in the control group,and the level of Pannexin1 was higher than that in the control group(P<0.01).Levels of TG,TC,LDL-C,FPG,HbA1c,FINS and HOMA-IR of the observation group increased compared with the control group,while HDL-C,ISI and HOMA-βlevels decreased compared with the control group(P<0.01).Pearson correlation analysis showed thatserum Spexin level was positively correlated with ISI and HOMA-β,and negatively correlated with TG,TC,LDL-C,FPG,HbA1c,FINS and HOMA-IR in elderly patients with diabetic cataract(P<0.05).Serum Pannexin1 was negatively correlated with ISI and HOMA-β,and positively correlated with TG,TC,LDL-C,FPG,HbA1c,FINS and HOMA-IR(Plt;0.05).There was no correlation between the above indexes and HDL-C(P>0.05).The combination of both serum Spexin and Pannexin1 predicted the development of cataracts in elderly diabetic patients was better than serum Spexin and Pannexin1 assessed individually(Z both combination-Spexin=3.220,P=0.001,Z both combination-Pannexin1=4.838,P<0.001).Conclusion In elderly patients with diabetic cataract,the expression of serum Spexin decreases and the expression of Pannexin1 increases,and they have acertain correlation with glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance
Key words:diabetes mellitus;cataract;insulin resistance;Spexin;Pannexin 1;glycolipid metabolism;aged
糖尿病是一种由多种原因造成的代谢紊乱疾病,主要表现为脂代谢以及糖代谢紊乱[1]。糖尿病可引发较多并发症,最常见的眼部并发症为白内障,又称糖尿病性白内障[2];根据其不同的状态特征,可以表现出远视或者近视的症状,当血糖水平较高时会出现双眼混浊,表现为近视,而血糖水平较低时则出现远视[3]。当糖尿病患者长期处于高血糖状态时,可造成代谢紊乱,引发晶状体混浊,对视力造成一定影响[4]。2009年由Sonmez等[5]筛选并鉴定出的一种具有多种功能的多肽——Spexin,其位于12号染色体上。Spexin是一种新型的脂肪因子,参与糖尿病的病理过程[6]。Spexin可分别作为内分泌信号和神经递质在体内的循环系统和中枢神经系统中发挥一定的生物学作用[7]。缝隙连接蛋白1(Pannexin1)位于38号染色体上,属于跨膜通道蛋白家族。已有相关研究报道,Pannexin1在胰岛β细胞的分泌过程中发挥重要作用,且参与机体的糖脂代谢等生物学过程[8]。研究发现,Pannexin1参与多种疾病的发生发展过程,如创伤性脑损伤[9]、急性缺血性脑卒中[10]等。目前,Spexin、Pannexin1与老年糖尿病性白内障患者糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗的关系还不明确,因此,本研究主要探讨老年糖尿病性白内障患者血清Spexin、Pannexin1的表达水平及与糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗水平的相关性,以期为老年糖尿病性白内障早期临床诊断及治疗提供一定的参考价值。
1对象与方法
1.1研究对象选取2021年12月—2023年7月沧州市中心医院收治的118例老年糖尿病性白内障患者为观察组,按病情进展情况分为初始期27例,肿胀期29例,成熟期35例,过熟期27例;按类型分为皮质性47例,核性39例,囊膜下性32例。纳入标准:(1)有明确的糖尿病病史。(2)白内障符合诊断标准[11]。(3)年龄≥60岁。(4)单眼病变。排除标准:(1)眼部存在外伤。(2)患传染性疾病。(3)有眼部感染。不同年限糖尿病病史眼部状态见图1。对照组为同期在本院进行治疗的103例老年糖尿病非白内障患者,年龄≥60岁。2组均不存在其他眼部疾病及糖尿病其他并发症,2组间一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。由本团队对全部患者进行诊断并获得患者或家属知情同意。本研究经医院伦理委员会审核批准[伦理号:2021-152-02(Z)]。
1.2方法采集2组患者空腹静脉血5 mL,3 000 r/min离心10 min,弃沉淀,上清液保存于-80℃冰箱备用。分别应用Spexin酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)试剂盒(南京卡米洛生物工程有限公司)和Pannexin1 ELISA试剂盒(上海抚生实业有限公司)检测血清Spexin、Pannexin1水平,操作按照试剂盒说明进行。糖代谢相关指标检测:采用血糖检测仪(北京安腾医疗器械有限公司)检测空腹血糖(FPG),采用高效液相法检测糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c);采用全自动生化分析仪(山东高芯生物传感器研究院有限公司)检测脂代谢相关指标:三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C);胰岛素抵抗相关指标检测:采用ELISA试剂盒(上海美轩生物科技有限公司)检测空腹胰岛素(fasting serum lisulin,FINS)水平,并利用公式[12]计算胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)。
1.3统计学方法采用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据分析。计量资料用x±s表示,2组间比较用t检验;计数资料以例或例(%)表示,组间比较行χ2检验;血清Spexin、Pannexin1水平与糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗相关指标等相关性分析用Pearson法;血清Spexin、Pannexin1以及二者联合对老年糖尿病患者发生白内障的预测价值用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1 2组血清Spexin、Pannexin1水平比较观察组Spexin水平较对照组降低,Pannexin1水平较对照组升高(P<0.01),见表2。
2.2 2组糖脂代谢相关指标比较观察组TG、TC、LDL-C、FPG、HbA1c、FINS较对照组升高,HDL-C水平较对照组降低(P<0.01),见表3。
2.3 2组胰岛素抵抗相关指标比较观察组ISI、HOMA-β较对照组降低,HOMA-IR较对照组升高(P<0.01)。见表4。
2.4血清Spexin、Pannexin1水平与糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗指标的相关性老年糖尿病性白内障患者血清Spexin水平与ISI、HOMA-β呈正相关,与TG、TC、LDL-C、FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR呈负相关(P<0.05);血清Pannexin1与ISI、HOMA-β呈负相关,与TG、TC、LDL-C、FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR呈正相关(P<0.05);二者与HDL-C均无相关性(P>0.05)。见表5。
2.5血清Spexin、Pannexin1对老年糖尿病患者发生白内障的预测价值血清Spexin和Pannexin1联合预测老年糖尿病患者发生白内障的价值优于两指标单独预测(Z二者联合-Spexin=3.220,P=0.001、Z二者联合-Pannexin1=4.838,P<0.001)。见表6、图2。
3讨论
白内障在全球致盲原因中排首位,约半数白内障患者有致盲的可能。随着糖尿病人数的不断增加,老年糖尿病性白内障的发病率也呈现增长的趋势[13]。已有研究发现,当患者长期处于高血糖状态时,葡萄糖无法转化成6-磷酸葡萄糖,会造成葡萄糖的大量积累,进而向山梨醇发生转化,由于山梨醇不能透过晶状体的囊膜而大量堆积在晶状体内,造成晶状体渗透压改变、晶状体肿胀变性以及出现混浊,形成老年糖尿病性白内障[14-15]。
在2型糖尿病患者中存在糖脂代谢异常和胰岛素抵抗等现象,对患者的治疗以及预后造成一定影响[16]。在糖尿病的病理过程以及糖脂代谢中,脂肪因子发挥了一定的作用[6]。Spexin参与血糖、血脂代谢的调控以及胰岛素的分泌过程,在糖尿病患者中,血清Spexin水平显著降低,其主要通过与甘丙肽受体2结合来调节与糖脂代谢以及与胰岛素相关的通路,从而发挥调节血糖作用[17-19]。Celik等[20]研究发现,Spexin在糖尿病性白内障伴随视网膜病变以及不伴随视网膜病变患者中发挥重要作用。Pannexin1主要分布在细胞膜上,在一些物质交换中发挥重要作用,如钠离子交换[21]。Beyer等[22]研究发现,Pannexin1参与白内障的发生发展过程。本研究结果显示,观察组Spexin水平较对照组降低,Pannexin1水平较对照组升高,提示血清Spexin、Pannexin1水平与老年糖尿病性白内障的发生发展有关。不同的指标可反映糖脂代谢状态,如FPG、HbA1c可以反映糖代谢状态,TG、TC、LDL-C可以反映脂代谢状态[23]。FINS可以反映人体机能在空腹状态下的胰岛素水平,HOMA-IR可以评估人体机能对胰岛素的敏感程度[24]。本研究中,观察组TG、TC、LDL-C、FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR较对照组升高,HDL-C、ISI、HOMA-β水平较对照组降低,表明在老年糖尿病性白内障患者体内已经出现了糖脂代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗等现象。
本研究探究了血清Spexin和Pannexin1水平与糖脂代谢以及胰岛素抵抗的关系,结果显示,老年糖尿病性白内障患者血清Spexin水平与ISI、HOMA-β呈正相关,与TG、TC、LDL-C、FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR呈负相关;血清Pannexin1与上述指标的关系与Spexin相反,提示Spexin和Pannexin1水平变化参与老年糖尿病性白内障的发生发展过程。本研究进一步分析了血清Spexin、Pannexin1水平以及二者联合对老年糖尿病患者发生白内障的预测价值,结果表明该两指标对白内障的预测均具有较高的价值,且两者联合预测价值更高。
综上所述,在老年糖尿病性白内障患者中,血清Spexin水平降低、Pannexin1水平升高,且二者均与糖脂代谢以及胰岛素抵抗具有一定的相关性,可以为临床上老年糖尿病性白内障的诊疗以及胰岛素抵抗状态提供一定的参考价值。但本研究仍存在不足之处,如样本量相对较少,且样本来源比较单一,后续会进一步扩大样本量并增加来源以深入研究。
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(2024-06-21收稿2024-10-24修回)
(本文编辑李志芸)