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依据TIDieR制订护理研究方案报告及案例解读

2022-12-02刘莎陈玲张丹莉蔡文智

护理研究 2022年22期
关键词:完整性盆底条目

刘莎,陈玲,张丹莉,蔡文智*

·科研论著·

依据TIDieR制订护理研究方案报告及案例解读

刘莎1,2,陈玲1,张丹莉1,2,蔡文智1,2*

1.南方医科大学深圳医院,广东 518101;2.南方医科大学护理学院

概述描述干预措施的模板和报告规范(TIDieR)的主要内容及国内外应用现状,结合课题组构建的盆底肌干预方案对TIDieR的12个条目举例说明,并提出建议,旨在为我国学者应用TIDieR提供参考。

干预措施的模板和报告规范,TIDieR;护理研究;干预报告;解读

干预复制与效果评价有赖于干预报告的完整性,当前已发表研究对干预措施的描述水平有待提高,尤其是多阶段、多学科的非药物干预。非药物干预的每个组分都可能影响其干预效果,评价其有效性不仅要做到随机、对照,还需公开透明地说明为什么、怎么做、在何处进行、由谁实施等问题。但现有的非药物试验报告常缺乏足够的干预细节,在干预材料、强度、剂量和干预保真度方面描述不佳[1]。我国护理干预常缺乏对干预强度[2]、干预实施者[3]等细节的报告,且普遍存在试验组、对照组干预报告详尽不一的问题,对照组干预常常描述为常规护理[4⁃6],但常规护理在不同医院和情景下指向的护理措施可能截然不同,使得其他研究人员无法实现对干预的复制和评价,甚至会造成干预的错误复制。干预报告的不透明极大地阻碍了护理研究结果向临床证据转化。为了应对干预报告不透明的问题,Hoffmann等[7]制订了描述干预措施的模板和报告规范(Template for Intervention Description and Replication,TIDieR),以指导研究人员对干预进行全面报告。我国护理领域尚未见对该清单的应用报道。现对TIDieR主要内容进行介绍,并结合案例进行应用说明,以期为我国护理学者提供参考。

1 TIDieR的制订及应用现状

为了指导和规范干预报告,提高报告的完整性及干预的可复制性,2014年Hoffmann等[7]成立TIDieR指导委员会,通过文献调研、2轮德尔菲专家咨询和1轮共识会议,制订了TIDieR,该清单包含干预措施简称、实施理由、实施资料、实施过程、实施者、实施方法、实施地点、实施时间及强度、个性化方案、方案更改、预期效果和实际效果12个条目,是对临床试验报告的统一标准(The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials,CONSORT)2010声明条目5以及2013临床试验方案规范指南(Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials,SPIRIT)条目11的扩展,旨在尽可能详细地描述干预细节。该清单针对随机试验制订,但其使用不仅限于随机试验,亦可用于其他评价性研究,如病例对照研究、队列研究。

当前,TIDieR已经在国外不同研究干预报告中得到应用。研究者以“TIDieR”为检索词分别检索了PubMed、Web of Science数据库2014年3月7日—2021年8月12日公开发表的干预类文献,其中,PubMed获得文献201篇,Web of Science获得文献139篇,剔除重复发表的文献、综述类文献,阅读摘要和全文,最终纳入12篇文献[8⁃19],文献基本特征见表1。国外TIDieR较多用于报告脑卒中病人的康复计划,目前已被应用于证据综合[20⁃21]。2020年,TIDieR被陈珏璇等[22]翻译成中文,但尚未检索到其在我国的实例解读,不利于我国学者的应用。

表1 纳入文献基本特征

2 TIDieR在护理干预报告中的应用

为了帮助学者更好地理解、应用TIDieR,研究者结合课题组前期构建的基于移动医疗的孕期盆底肌训练联合腹式呼吸干预方案对清单的12个条目举例说明,详见表2。

表2 基于移动医疗的孕期盆底肌训练联合腹式呼吸干预方案报告清单

3 讨论

3.1TIDieR对护理研究的意义TIDieR对提高护理研究方案报告的科学性、严谨性具有十分重要的意义。一方面,TIDieR为护理干预报告提供了可靠、清晰的模板,能有效改善护理干预报告不透明的问题。另一方面,TIDieR也为护理干预措施的开发提供了框架,干预开发人员可对照清单条目进行干预设计,避免干预要素的遗漏,且在正式试验前,以TIDieR为模板进行干预描述,可能会发现需要进行调整的内容从而使其更好地适用于特定干预[10]。此外,在系统评价中以TIDieR为框架对纳入的研究进行干预组成部分的描述,能够实现对干预的深入理解[33]。我国部分护理研究报告的干预描述往往较模糊,循证人员难以归纳同类研究进行证据综合,而TIDieR的应用能为系统评价提供足够的干预细节,有利于循证人员识别、整理同类研究。

3.2TIDieR的应用建议尽管TIDieR为干预报告提供了一个模板,但其可能无法覆盖复杂干预的全部内容,其条目也并不适用于所有研究类型和研究阶段,目前已有多名学者根据实际研究需求和特点对TIDieR进行调整[34⁃36],增强了其适用性。Cotterill等[35]应用TIDieR对6项复杂干预进行描述,总结出2条建议:为保证干预报告的真实与严谨,应在干预报告中说明由谁参与清单的制作及该清单描述的干预阶段。TIDieR制订的目的是提高干预报告的完整性,并不是评价干预质量,其在说明干预作用机制等方面尚存在不足[37]。为了更全面地评价干预,建议将TIDieR与其他工具结合使用。如在系统评价中,采用TIDieR总结干预组成部分,采用推荐分级的评估、制订与评价(GRADE)评估证据质量[33]。

研究团队的不同人员处在不同情景中使用TIDieR报告的内容必定存在分歧[35]。有时干预设计者可能会为了报告规范而夸大甚至虚构干预内容,而干预实施者作为最了解干预细节的人,能更加真实地反映干预内容。建议纳入干预实施者参与干预内容修订。同时,将原始干预方案与实施者干预报告进行对比,可以实现对干预保真度的评价。

对TIDieR各条目赋值可以实现对干预报告的定量评价。Yamato等[38]对TIDieR的12个条目进行赋值评分,对干预报告完整性进行量化,使得干预完整性可以作为统计分析中的一个连续、单一变量,可用作试验评估策略的独立变量。需注意,TIDieR得分并不能取代对TIDieR各条目的具体报告,而应作为统计分析内容对报告进行补充。

3.3TIDieR应用的挑战目前,TIDieR已在国外不同研究中得以应用,但有研究表明,TIDieR在某些领域的应用率较低,并未显著提高干预报告的完整性[39]。Pines[40]比较了TIDieR发布前后急诊医学文献中干预报告的完整性,结果表明,干预报告完整性依旧较低,TIDieR在已发表的急诊医学试验中的应用率较低。Vassar等[41]对乙醇使用障碍随机试验中干预报告的调查显示,TIDieR条目报告的数量为(5.10±1.47)个,在TIDieR发表后,对复制和有效实施干预措施所需的重要细节的报告依旧不充分。同时,文献对12个条目的报告透明度存在显著差异。TIDieR中条目1和条目2通常被认为报告充分,但条目5和条目10的报告率常低至10%,其他条目的报告率为25%~75%[42⁃43]。

科研工作者对清单缺乏认识和了解是TIDieR应用的阻碍因素之一,TIDieR出版时仅发表在1种期刊上,相较于CONSORT发表在6种期刊上,其知名度和认可度稍低,可能需要更广泛的传播策略。建议将TIDieR纳入CONSORT,替换CONSORT条目5,目前已有许多期刊要求使用CONSORT,由此可以促进TIDieR的应用。同时,期刊对文章篇幅的限制也阻碍了干预报告的完整性,有研究指出护理期刊中,仅7%的空间留给作者描述干预内容[44]。针对期刊对文章篇幅的限制,国外多采用附件或链接方式补充干预相关材料,或直接引用带有干预完整描述的设计文章,我国研究亦可参考此类做法。

4 小结

在护理干预日趋多样化、个性化的情况下,有必要使用TIDieR提高干预报告的完整性及干预措施的可复制性,这对实现护理研究结果向临床证据转化具有重要意义。本研究以前期构建的基于移动医疗的孕期盆底肌训练联合腹式呼吸干预方案为例,为我国学者应用TIDieR进行干预报告提供参考,以期推动TIDieR在护理干预报告中的应用。

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Development of nursing research programme reporting according to TIDieR and case interpretations

LIUSha,CHENLing,ZHANGDanli,CAIWenzhi

Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University,Guangdong 518101 China

To summarize main contents of Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR) and its application status in China and abroad,gives examples of 12 items of TIDieR in context of pelvic floor muscle intervention protocol developed by our group,and put forward several suggestions for its application.Its aimed at providing reference for application of TIDieR by Chinese scholars.

Template for Intervention Description and Replication,TIDieR;nursing research;intervention report;inspiration

CAI Wenzhi,E⁃mail:caiwzh@smu.edu.cn

10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2022.22.003

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目,编号:71904075;教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目,编号:21YJAZH001;南方医科大学深圳医院临床研究启动计划项目,编号:LCJH202001

刘莎,护士,硕士研究生在读

蔡文智,E⁃mail:caiwzh@smu.edu.cn

刘莎,陈玲,张丹莉,等.依据TIDieR制订护理研究方案报告及案例解读[J].护理研究,2022,36(22):3958⁃3962.

(收稿日期:2022-02-22;修回日期:2022-10-29)

(本文编辑 陈琼)

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