谈谈省略句中的易错点
2022-06-23王银星
王银星
在英语句子中,为了避免出现重复、为了有效突出文中的新信息、为了使文章中的上下文做到紧密连接而省略掉句子中的某些重复的句子成分,这种现象被称为省略。高考试题对省略的考查,主要是对不定式中省略的考查、对状语从句中省略的考查、对倒装句中省略的考查。下面,笔者将结合实例谈谈。
易错点1:不定式中的省略
①make,have等使役动词与hear,see,watch,feel等感官动词的后面跟不定式做宾语补足语的时候,to 被省略;但这些动词用于被动语态的句子中时,或者动词不定式在做主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语等时,to不可以被省略。②to 在want,glad,hope,forget,intend, be afraid等后时,省略相同的部分时to被保留,但是若不定式的后面是be动词或者是have done时,be动词与have应被保留。③在can’t help but, prefer to do, rather than,why not, do nothing but等结构中to可被省略。
例1:Tom saw 10 fish swim happily in the small pond yesterday.
例2:10 fish was saw to swim happily in the small pond yesterday.
例3:Wang Hai’s parents encouraged Jerry to go to the forest alone, but Wang Hai was afraid to go.(改错)
解析:删除第二个go。but后面的句子补充完整是:but Wang Hai was afraid to go to the forest alone,画线部分与考例中的部分相同,故可被省略。
例4:When a major natural disaster occurs, we do nothing but to accept it.(改错)
解析:删除but后面的to。句中有do nothing but do sth.结构,根据这个固定结构的使用规则可知,应删除accept前面的to。
易错点2:状语从句中的省略
在till,if,when,though,while,as if,as soon as,as,unless等引导的状语从句中,如果从句中的谓语是be动词,而且从句的主语又与主句的主语相同时,或者从句的主语是it的时候,从句中的it和be动词一同被省略。
例5:When (he was)in senior school, he often went to the lake in the east of the campus to recite English words.
例6:If (it is)necessary, Danny will tell you why he didn't go to school.
例7:Zhang Hong should stay where the leaders let him stay unless asking to come out.(改错)
解析:asking改成asked。本句是省略句,补充完整为:Zhang Hong should stay where the leaders let him stay unless (Zhang Hong is)asked to go to other place.
易错点3:倒装句中的省略
①as在引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装语序。常见的结构有:名词(形容词、动词原形、副词、分词)+as/though+主语+动词。如果被提前的表语是名词且名词前有冠词时,则需要省略冠词,只把名词置于句首。②在if引导的条件状语从句中,若if引导的从句中有should,had或者were时,且这三个词被置于句首时,引导词if被省略,构成倒装结构。
例8:Try as Jack might all the ways he could think of, he still failed.
例9:Cornered as we were by the enemy, we still kept resisting.
例10:Had I money last Sunday, I would have lent it to him.=If I had money last Sunday, I would have lent it to him.
例11:A girl as she is, her courage is admirable.(改错)
解析:去掉A。在as引导的让步状语从句中,被提前的“a girl”做表语,置于句首时应去掉冠词A。
总之,省略句中有各种各样的易错点,在解答相关的试题时,教师应引導学生认真思考易错点,避免落入命题人设置的陷阱中。