解答“文中某人观点态度”阅读题的关键

赵浪

近五年高考英語全国卷中有以下七道题的答题信息都来自文中的直接引语：

33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe？（2017年全国Ⅲ卷）

33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci？（2018年全国Ⅱ卷）

29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch？（2019年全国Ⅱ卷）

25. What does Hill say about Chinese women？（2019年全国Ⅲ卷）

31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan？（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）

29. What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law？（2020年全国Ⅲ卷）

34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau？（2020年全国Ⅲ卷）

这七道题的考点和标志词如下表所示：

由上表可知，若题干中含有sbs attitude towards...，就是问文中某人的态度，含有according to sb或sb say about...等的题目，就是问文中某人的观点、看法，或推断某人所说的隐含意思（即话中有话），能体现某人的观点态度的就是该人所说的话。因此，解答这类题的关键是用题干中出现的这个人物，去文中搜索该人所讲的话，即直接引语。有时，个别细节题，其答案信息也在直接引语中。

一、问某人的态度

[例1]（2020年全国Ⅲ卷）

“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in：“We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”

And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint， it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it？ Yes， I think I would.”

Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him， but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325，000 in 2002 to 419，000 in 2013.

35. What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law？

A. Positive.   B. Carefree.   C. Tolerant.   D. Unwilling.

解题思路：题干问的是Nick对于与岳母合住房子的态度。用Nick到文中找到与他有关的直接引语：And what does Nick think？“From my standpoint， it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it？ Yes， I think I would.”句意是，“尼克是怎么想的？‘从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗？是的，我想我会推荐（在一起居住）的。”由此可推断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。

需要强调的是，在做这类题时，要注意题干中问的是谁的态度。同时，也需要熟练掌握表达不同态度的词：

（1）乐观支持类：positive（积极的）， favorable（赞同的）， supportive（支持的）， approval（赞成）

（2）客观中立类：objective（客观的）， neutral（中立的）

（3）消极反对类：negative（消极的）， doubtful（怀疑的）， indifferent（漠不关心的）， critical（批评的）， ironic（讽刺的）

二、问某人的看法

[例2]（2019年全国Ⅲ卷）

“China is impossible to overlook，”says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world， which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.”Of course， not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang， Alexander Wang， Jason Wu are taking on Galiano， Albaz， Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，”adds Hill.

25. What does Hill say about Chinese women？

A. They are setting the fashion.

B. They start many fashion campaigns.

C. They admire super models.

D. They do business all over the world.

解题思路：题干问的是Hill对于中国女性的看法。由直接引语“China is impossible to overlook，”says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world， which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.”可知，中國女性不仅是时尚的消费者，她们还是时尚运动的核心，故选A项，他们正在引领潮流。

[例3]（2019年全国Ⅱ卷）

“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone， but together， you know？”Bechtel said， looking up from her book. Bechtel， who works in downtown West Palm Beach， has lunch with coworkers sometimes， but like many of us， too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today， I just wanted some time to myself，”she said.

29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch？

A. To meet with her coworkers.

B. To catch up with her work.

C. To have some time on her own.

D. To collect data for her report.

解题思路：题干问的是为什么Bechtel喜欢独自外出吃饭。我们首先在文中找到Hill说的话，由直接引语“Today，I just wanted some time to myself”可知，Bechtel喜欢独自外出吃饭因为她想拥有属于自己的时间。故选C项。

[例4]（2018年全国Ⅱ卷）

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy， but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease（润滑剂）for social communication， says Bernardo Carducci， director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，”he explains.“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others， not just communicate with them.”

33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci？

A. Showing good manners.

B. Relating to other people.

C. Focusing on a topic.

D. Making business deals.

解题思路：题干是问“Carducci认为，成功闲聊重要的是什么？”我们首先得找到Carducci说的话，由直接引语 “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others， not just communicate with them.”可知，“成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人建立联系，而不仅仅是与他们交流。”故选B项，与他人建立联系。 选项中的relate to与文中的connect with为同义转换。

[例5]（2017年全国Ⅲ卷）

These include custom-made navigation（导航）tools， night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains：“For many older people， particularly those living alone or in the country， driving is important for preserving their independence， giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”

33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe？

A. It keeps them independent.

B. It helps them save time.

C. It builds up their strength.

D. It cures their mental illnesses.

解题思路：题干是问“Phil Blythe认为，为什么开车对老年人很重要？”我们首先得在文中找到Phil Blythe所说的话，由直接引语“For many older people， particularly those living alone or in the country， driving is important for preserving their independence...”可知，“对于许多老年人，尤其是那些独自生活或住在乡下的老年人来说，开车对保持他们的独立性很重要……”，故选A项，开车可以让他们保持独立。选项keeps them independent与文中preserving their independence是同义转换。

三、推断隐含意义

[例6]（2020年全国Ⅱ卷）

Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think thats going to be a massive thing， at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.

31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan？

A. Its formal. B. Its risky.

C. Its harmful.       D. Its traditional.

解題思路：题干问的是“根据Morgan的看法，关于在纽约穿皮质衣服，我们可以推断出什么信息？”首先在文中找到Morgan说的话，“To give people a guilt—free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think thats going to be a massive thing， at least in New York.”句意是，“为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为这将是一件巨大的事情，至少在纽约是一件巨大的事情”，由此可推出，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B项。

四、理解具体事实

[例7]（2020年全国Ⅲ卷 ）

Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers， spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，”Dr. Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”

In 2015， Melissa Ilardo， then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen， heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.“it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population，”said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.

34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau？

A. They could walk on stilts all day.

B. They had a superb way of fishing.

C. They could stay long underwater.

D. They lived on both land and water.

解题思路：题干问的是为什么 Jubilado对于Bajau感到吃惊。由文中Jubilado对于Bajau表达感受的句子“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，”Dr. Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea（我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多）”可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间，故选C项。

综上所述，我们在做问某人的态度、观点或看法等题时，就用此人作为定位词，在文中找到该人对某事所说的话，即直接引语，据其所言，很容易确定题目的答案。

责任编辑 蒋小青