英语书面表达的高分技巧

庞振芳

尽管新高考英语写作第二节有了读后续写，但写作的第一节，同原高考的书面表达一样，依然是高考语言技能中的一个重要组成部分。它要求考生根据所给的情景，用英语写一篇约80词的短文（原高考书面表达是约100词）。从近几年高考英语书面表达来看，考得最多的是书信、邮件、发言稿、通知、投稿等。内容与考生的学习和生活密切相关。只要你能用初中学过的单词和句型按要求表达完所有要点，就可以拿到六成的分数。但是如果你想要获得高分或满分，就须恰当运用一些高中词汇和高级句型来表达了。下面笔者谈谈怎样写出精彩的高分作文。

一、巧用高级句型，彰显语言能力

1. 同位语

同位语通常由一个名词或名词短语充当，用以解释或补充说明它前面的一个名词。写作中介绍或涉及人物、地点、场馆、景点、古迹、书籍、影片、体育项目等等，都可能用到同位语。

[例1]知道你们英语报社在为Best Helper Award挑选人选，我迫不及待地推荐交流生Tom，他总是乐于助人。

Learning that your English newspaper is selecting someone for the Best Helper Award， I cant wait to recommend Tom， an exchange student， who is always ready to help others.

2. 非谓语动词

即恰当运用现在分词短语、过去分词短语、不定式短语和动名词短语。其中，最常用也最能体现写作功底的是现在分词短语。

（1）现在分词短语

[例2]我从报纸上得知北京冬奥会需要一些英语志愿者，我特意写信申请当志愿者。

Learning from the newspaper that some English volunteers are needed for the Beijing Winter Olympics， I am writing to apply to be one of them.

[例3]我们沐浴在阳光中，享受着新鲜的空气，欣赏着美丽的风景。

We were bathed in sunlight， enjoying the fresh air and beautiful scenery.

（2）过去分词短语

[例4]位于北京西北部，颐和园是清朝最有意义的皇家园林。

Located（=Lying）in northwest Beijing， the Old Summer Palace is the most magnificent royal garden of the Qing Dynasty.

（3）不定式短语

[例5]要更好地了解这个剧本，你可以在网上搜查一下，对它的背景了解更多。

To have a better understanding of the play， you can search the Internet and learn more about its background.

[例6]我特意写信邀请你参加下周三在我们学校举行的体育艺术节。

Im writing to invite you to take part in the sports and art festival to be held in our school next Wednesday.

[例7]代表我们班发言，我感到很荣幸。

I feel honored to deliver a speech on behalf of our class.

（4）动名词短语

[例8]盼望着很快收到你的来信。

Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

3. 强调句型

即“It is/was +被强调部分+that+其余部分”句型，除谓语外，各个成分均可用此句型强调。

[例9]就是李老师的鼓励和帮助让我有了自信心。

It was Mr. Lis encouragement and help that made me have self-confidence.

4. 倒装句

在写作中用得最多的是以下两个倒装句型：

（1）“only +状语”位于句首的部分倒装句

[例10]只有通过改变我们的生活方式我们才能保护环境。

Only by changing the way we live can we protect the environment.

（2）not only...but also...连接两个并列句时，not only后的这个分句用部分倒装。

[例11]这次活动受到了师生的高度评价，因为它不仅是一次锻炼的机会，而且还是考生培养团队精神合适的场合。

The activity was highly spoken of by both the teachers and students， for not only was it a chance to exercise， but also it was a proper occasion for the students to cultivate team spirit.

[例12]我們的到访不仅会给老人带来帮助，而且也会让他们感到被人关爱。

Not only will our visit bring the elderly help， but it will also make them feel loved and cared.

5. 含蓄虚拟条件句

可以含蓄表达虚拟条件的有词but for（要不是）， without（如果没有）， or， otherwise（否则）等。

[例13]没有/要不是你慷慨的帮助，我可能就会辍学了。

Without / But for your generous help， I could have dropped out of school.

6. 三大从句

是指定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。其中，定语从句跟汉语的表达方式不同，掌握起来相对较难，恰当运用定语从句，尤其是非限制性定语从句，更能彰显考生的语言能力。

（1）定语从句

包括使用限制性、非限制性定语从句。

[例14]我是李华，一个正在伦敦参加暑期课程的中国考生。

Im Li Hua， a Chinese student who is taking a summer course in London now.

[例15]作为中国的首都，北京是华北最大的城市，在那里你可以参观很多名胜。

As the capital of China， Beijing is the largest city in North China， where you can visit many places of interest.

[例16]中国农历8月15的中秋节，是家庭团聚的时候。

The Mid-Autumn Festival， which falls on August 15 of Chinese Lunar Calendar， is meant to be an occasion（moment）for family reunions.

[例17]非常感谢你邀请我参加你的生日晚会，但我遗憾地告诉你，我不能接受你的友好邀请，为此我想真诚地向你道歉。

Thank you very much for inviting me to your birthday party， but I regret to tell you that I am unable to accept your kind invitation， for which I would like to apologize to you sincerely.

[例18]我熟练掌握英语口语，这让我流利地跟人交流。

I have a good command of spoken English， which allows me to communicate with others fluently.

[例19]上周五在学校的足球场举行了精彩的跳绳比赛，其目的是丰富考生的生活，增强体质，缓解学习压力。

A wonderful skipping competition was held on the school football field last Friday， whose purpose is to enrich the students lives， build them up and relieve their academic stress.

[例20]眾所周知，熟能生巧。

As we all know/As is known to us all， practice makes perfect.

（2）名词性从句

即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同语从句。

[例21]此外，让我感到最担心的是考试时我真的很紧张。（主语从句，表语从句）

Besides， what worries me most is that I am really nervous when taking exam.

[例22]我想知道学校能否在周围多放点垃圾箱并制定反对乱扔垃圾的具体规定。（宾语从句）

I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set up specific rules against littering.

[例23]我坚信在你的帮助下我们的研学将是一次难忘的经历。（宾语从句）

Im convinced that our field trip will be an unforgettable experience with your help.

[例24]那是我推荐长城给你的原因。（表语从句）

That is why I recommend the Great Wall to you.

[例25]尽管事实上我学习落后于别人，我不灰心。（同位语从句）

In spite of the fact that I fall behind others in study， I dont lose heart.

（3）状语从句

包括时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句等。

[例26]如果你能考虑一下我的申请，我会很感激的。

I would appreciate it if you could take my application into account/consideration.

[例27]因为下周五是截止日期，你在周四前把论文发给我好吗？

Since the deadline is next Friday， would you please send the paper to me before Thursday？（原因状语从句）

[例28]起先，我觉得学英语很难，以致我都想放弃了。

In the beginning， I felt it so difficult to learn English that I wanted to give it up.（结果状语从句）

此外，恰当运用谚语或俗话，也是高考增分的一个亮点。

[例29]As the saying goes，“Every coin has two sides”。俗话说“凡事都有两面”。

二、妙用衔接词语，确保行文流畅

能使篇章浑然一体的就是恰当使用衔接词。这些衔接词在句与句之间、段与段之间起承上启下的作用，使文章前后连贯、结构紧凑、过渡自然，从而提升表达的层次，成为增分的亮点。

1. 表示起始与时间顺序衔接词

常用的有to begin/start with， first/firstly， first of all， next， then， after that， later， soon， finally， in the end， eventually， at last， recently等。

[例30]首先，最重要的事情是设个目标，制定个计划，然后一步一步地执行。

First of all， the most important thing is to set a goal， work out a plan and then carry it out step by step.

2. 表示转折关系的衔接词

主要有yet， and yet， but， while（虽然）， although， though， on the contrary， however等。

[例31]虽然网上购物给我们的生活带来很大的便利，但它也会造成一些问题。

While/Though/Although shopping on the Internet brings great convenience to our life， it also causes some problems.

Or： Shopping on the Internet brings great convenience to our life， yet/and yet /but it also causes some problems.

[例32]然而当时我忙于期末考试，这对我很重要。

However， I was busy preparing for my final exam at that time， which was of great importance to me.

3. 表示列举与递进关系的衔接词

主要有that is（to say）， in other words， such as， for instance， and so on， not only...but（also）， whats more， whats worse， besides， in addition， worse still， moreover， above all， on（the）one hand， on the other hand; for one thing， for another等。

[例33]一方面，做兼职工作我可以赚钱;另一方面，我可以从中获得一些经验。

For one thing， I can earn some money by taking part in a part-time job; for another， I can gain some experience from it.

[例34]此外，我是绘画俱乐部的成员，从中我积累了社交经验和不同绘画风格的知识。

Besides/In addition/Whats more， I am a member of a painting club， from which I have built up my social experience and knowledge about different styles of paintings.

[例35]更糟糕的是，我不善于跟同學交流。

Whats worse， I am not good at communicating with my classmates.

[例36]农场上有各种各样的活动，如拔草，摘苹果，喂鸡，挤牛奶。

There are various activities on the farm， such as pulling out the weeds， picking apples， feeding chickens， and milking the cows.

4. 表达观点与总结的衔接词

表达观点的词语主要有in my opinion/view， from my point of view， as far as I am concerned， as for me， personally， I think/believe...等;表示总结的主要有in a word， on the whole， in short， briefly， in brief， to sum up， in all， generally speaking等。

[例37]总之，如果我们大家在垃圾分类方面尽自己的一份力量，我们学校会变得越来越美丽。

In a word， if all of us do our bits in garage sorting， our school will become more and more beautiful.

[例38]依我看，人人应遵守纪律。政府应采取相应措施规范管理并解决问题。

As far as Im concerned， everyone should obey the rules and the government should take relevant measures to regulate the management and solve these problems.

三、规范工整誉写，提升作文档次

Your handwriting counts！ 规范工整的书写，会让阅卷老师为你的作文提高一个档次。所以平时要舍得花点时间练好英文书法，养成规范书写的好习惯，你的作文就会在芸芸众生中脱颖而出。

实战演练

（一）你是光明中学学生会主席李华， 假期快到了， 你写一封推荐信，帮助你的同学李明应聘以下三份兼职中的一份：一是给外籍人员做中国肢体语言培训师（trainer），二是到迪士尼乐园做导游，三是到星巴克咖啡店（Starbucks）做服务员。内容包括：

1. 写信的目的;

2. 李明的能力;

3. 期望。

注意：字数80字左右。

Dear Sir / Madam，

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

（二）假如你是李华，是学校戏剧社的负责人。你的外国朋友Mike写信向你咨询即将在校社团周（Association Week）上演的校剧《木兰从军记》的信息，请你结合以下要点给他回复：

1. 戏剧表演的时间、地点;

2. 该戏剧的主要内容与观剧意义;

3. 看戏建议。

参考范文

（一）

Dear Sir/ Madam，

I am Li Hua， president of the Students Union in Guangming High School（同位语）. My classmate， Li Ming（同位语）， hopes to take a part-time job as a guide for Disneyland， so I am writing to recommend him.

As far as I am concerned（表达观点）， Li Ming can make the best candidate of a good guide. First of all（表示顺序）， as a big fan of Disney movies， he has a good knowledge of Disney cartoon characters， which enables him to tell fantastic stories to visitors（非限制性定语从句）. Then（表示顺序）with yearsexperience as a member of our Student Union， he is quick to notice what helps peoples needs（宾语从句）. Lastly（表示顺序）， he speaks English so fluently that it wont be a problem for him to communicate with foreign visitors（结果状语从句）.

I am convinced that you will be more than glad to have him as a member of your company（宾语从句）. Feel free to contact me if you need anything more about him（条件状语从句）. Hopefully， you will consider my recommendation.

（二）

Dear Mike，

Glad to receive your letter. Knowing you are interested in the play Mu Lan Joins the Army（現在分词作状语）， which is going to be put on in our Association Week（非限制性定语从句）， Im pleased to tell you something about it.

As scheduled（方式状语/非限制性定语从句的省略）， the play will begin at 7：00 pm and last about two hours this Saturday in the school Concert Hall. Based on an old Chinese folktale（过去分词作状语）， the play is mainly about how a young Chinese girl， Mu Lan， joins the all-man army in her old fathers place and ends up winning military honors（宾语从句）. What earns it lasting popularity（主语从句）is Mu Lans talent in fighting and her perseverance， which proves that females are as capable as males of courage（非限制性定语从句）.

To gain maximum enjoyment and understanding（不定式作目的状语）， you can learn more about its background and make sure to arrive earlier for a good seat. If you have any question（条件状语从句）， just let me know.

责任编辑 蒋小青