非限制性定语从句中关系代词which与as的用法辨析
2022-05-30李明
李明
as与which是关系代词,可用来引导非限制性定语从句,指代句子的一部分或者指代整个句子,在某些情况下可以互换使用,在某些情况下不可以互换使用。
一、若which或as位于主句的后面,指代句子的部分内容或整个句子的内容时,二者可以互换使用,但如指代的不是整句的内容,而是指代的句中的表示事物的名词时,仅能用which,而不能用as。
例1: Mulia had been to Viola's house four daysago, _(which/as/that) Mulia's mother knewfrom Mulia's brother.
解析:which或as。本句是非限制性定语从句,空格处应填关系代词指代前面整句的内容。
例2: Mike's sister likes speaking Latin,——(which/as) indeed he spoke very well.
解析:which。空格处应填关系代词指代前句中的Latin,故仅能用which引导非限制性定语从句修饰Latin。
二、非限制性定语从句中的谓语是be expected,be known, be announced等被动形式时,一般用as引导,而不用which引导,此时主句与从句的语义一致;但是,如果主句与从句的语义转折不一致时,应用which,而不用as。
例3: We will provide humanitarian assistance tothe disaster in the country, _(which/as) is an-nounced.
解析:as。分析句子結构可知,逗号后的句子是非限制性定语从句,且从句中的谓语动词是announce的被动形式,故空格处应填关系代词as。
例4: Jack was admitted to a good engineering uni-versity,____
.(which/as) was unexpected.
解析:which。逗号前后的两个句子的句意不一致,故空格处应填关系代词which。
三、as引导非限制性定语从句时,从句的谓语常用动词的被动语态;如果从句中的谓语动词是de-lay,delight,make,upset等含有使役概念的动词或者从句中的谓语动词是主动形式时,引导词一般用which。
例5: Meredith moved from third to first this semes-ter,__(as/which)delighted her dad.
解析:which。逗号后是非限制性定语从句,且从句中的谓语动词delight含有使役概念的动词,故应填which。
四、如果非限制性定语从句中有复合结构的时候,一般用which引导。
例 6: Miss Wang can pass the CPA Examination,—_(as/which) her friends think impossible.
解析:which。逗号后是非限制性定语从句,从句中含有复合结构,故填which。
五、在固定结构as(it) seems likely,as was pointed,as often happens, as appears, as is often the case, as I re-member等中,一般用as引导非限制性定语从句。
例7: Miss Liu's two children did well in the examagain, _(as/which) is often the case.
解析:as。非限制性定语从句中含有固定结构,故用as。
例8: Alice doesn't like to visit her aunt's house,____(as/which) appears.
解析:as。非限制性定语从句中含有固定结构,故用as。
总之,which与as引导非限制性定语从句时,二者能互换使用,但是在某些情况下,不可互换使用,考生应熟记二者不可互换使用的情况。熟记使用的相关语法知识后,再配以大量练习,就会减少错误,甚至不出错误。
(作者单位:安徽省临泉第一中学)