有氧运动对晚期肺癌伴癌症相关性乏力患者睡眠质量的影响
2022-04-28洪燕玲张丽珍吕魏潇刘伟玲
洪燕玲 张丽珍 吕魏潇 刘伟玲
[摘要] 目的 探討有氧运动对晚期肺癌伴癌症相关性乏力患者睡眠质量的影响。 方法 选取2018年1月至2019年12月浙江省丽水市中心医院门诊治疗的晚期肺癌伴癌症相关性乏力患者84例,随机分为两组各42例。对照组予常规干预,干预组在对照组基础上加有氧运动干预,两组均干预8周。评估两组干预前后癌症相关性乏力症状、睡眠障碍和生活质量改善情况,比较临床疗效。结果 干预8周后,两组Piper疲乏评分明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干预组下降幅度较对照组更显著(P<0.05); 两组PSQI评分较干预前显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干预组下降幅度较对照组更显著(P<0.05);两组SQLI评分较干预前显著上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干预组上升幅度较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。干预组患者的临床总有效率为95.24%,明显高于对照组的80.95%(χ2=4.092,P<0.05)。结论 有氧运动治疗晚期肺癌伴癌症相关性乏力患者的疗效肯定,不仅能明显改善癌症相关性乏力症状,而且能改善睡眠质量,从而提高患者的生活质量。
[关键词] 晚期肺癌;癌症相关性乏力;有氧运动;睡眠质量
[中图分类号] R473 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2022)07-0174-04
Effect of aerobic exercise on sleep quality of advanced lung cancer patients with cancer-related fatigue
HONG Yanling ZHANG Lizhen LV Weixiao LIU Weiling
Department of Respiratory Radiotherapy, Lishui Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on sleep quality of advanced lung cancer patients with cancer-related fatigue. Methods A total of 84 patients with advanced lung cancer with cancer-related fatigue who were treated with outpatient treatment in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were randomly divided into two groups, with 42 patients in each group. The control group was given routine intervention, and the intervention group was added with aerobic exercise intervention on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. The symptoms of cancer-related fatigue, sleep disturbance and improvement of quality of life were evaluated before and after intervention in the two groups, and the clinical efficacy was compared. Results After 8 weeks of intervention, Piper fatigue scores in both groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the decrease in the intervention group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05). PSQI scores in the two groups were significantly decrease compared with those before intervention (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and those in the intervention group were decreased more significantly compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). The clinical total effective rate of the intervention group patients was 95.24%,which was higher than that of (80.95%) in the control group (χ2=4.092, P<0.05). Conclusion Aerobic exercise is effective in treating advanced lung cancer patients with cancer-related fatigue. It can not only significantly relieve the symptoms of cancer-related fatigue, but also improve sleep quality, so as to improve the quality of life of patients.
[Key words] Advanced lung cancer; Cancer-related fatigue; Aerobic exercise; Sleep quality
肺癌是一種常见呼吸系统的恶性肿瘤,临床上的发病率较高,严重威胁患者的身心健康[1-2]。癌症相关性乏力是由于癌症或癌症治疗引起一种主观自觉感受的体力、精神与心理上的疲劳感,干扰了正常的身体机能,不能通过休息得到缓解,影响患者的睡眠,导致患者睡眠质量下降,而睡眠障碍是引起癌症相关性乏力的重要因素,两者相互影响,形成恶性循环[3-4]。有氧运动是一种低强度且富韵律性的运动,近年来研究发现,其对晚期肿瘤伴癌症相关性乏力患者的睡眠质量具有一定的改善作用,但其用于晚期肺癌患者国内外报道较少[5-6]。本研究总结了有氧运动改善晚期肺癌伴癌症相关性乏力患者睡眠质量的作用,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取2018年1月至2019年12月浙江省丽水市中心医院呼吸放疗科治疗的晚期肺癌伴癌症相关性乏力患者84例。纳入标准[7]:①符合2015年《中国原发性肺癌诊疗规范》中的晚期肺癌诊断标准[8],且TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期;②Piper疲乏量表(the revised piper fatigue scale, PFS)≥3分;③患者意识清楚,认知功能正常。排除标准[9]:①既往合并其他部位的肿瘤;②存在影响睡眠质量的疾病;③文盲、认知功能障碍及沟通交流障碍者。应用随机数字表分为两组,每组各42例。两组一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1。本研究方案经医院医学伦理委员会审批通过,纳入患者均签署知情同意书。
1.2 方法
对照组予常规干预,包括健康教育、饮食干预、心理干预、运动干预和用药干预等。干预组在此基础上加有氧运动干预,先向患者详细介绍有氧运动的优点及方法,鼓励患者积极配合并坚持运动。后根据患者自身的具体情况,选择步行、打太极拳、有氧健身操或骑自行车等低强度有氧运动,运动时心率达到120~140次/min,运动时间约30 min/次,运动频3~5次/周。两组均干预8周。
1.3观察指标及评价标准
评估并比较两组干预前后癌症相关性乏力症状、睡眠障碍和生活质量改善的情况,比较其临床疗效。
1.3.1 癌症相关性乏力症状评估 采用Piper疲乏评分量表评估,分数越低表明癌症相关性乏力症状越轻[10]。
1.3.2 睡眠状况评价 采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)评估[11],总分21分,分数越低表明睡眠质量程度越好。
1.3.3 生活质量评估 采用Spitzer生活质量指数(Spitzer Quality of Life Index,SQLI)评价[12],总分10分,分数越高表明生活质量越好。
1.3.4 疗效评估标准 显效:干预后CRF症状基本消失或较前显著好转,Piper疲乏评分较前较前显著,且下降幅度≥50%;有效:干预后CRF症状较前有所好转,Piper疲乏评分较前有所下降,且下降幅度<50%;无效:未达上述标准[13]。总有效包括显效和有效。
1.4 统计学处理
选取SPSS 18.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验,计数资料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1 两组患者干预前后Piper疲乏评分比较
干预前两组Piper疲乏评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预8周后,两组Piper疲乏评分较干预前显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干预组下降值较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.2 两组患者干预前后PSQI评分和SQLI评分比较
干预前两组PSQI评分和SQLI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预8周后,两组PSQI评分较干预前显著下降,SQLI评分显著上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干预组变化值较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。见表3。
2.3两组干预后疗效比较
干预8周后,干预组临床总有效率为95.24%,明显高于对照组的80.95%(χ2=4.092,P<0.05)。见表4。
3讨论
癌症相关性乏力是指癌症或癌症治疗引起的一种扰乱机体正常功能的主观不良感觉,包括周身乏力、注意力不集中、失眠、嗜睡或焦虑烦躁等症状,难以通过休息及睡眠得到有效的缓解,对患者的正常生理和心理活动影响较明显[14-15]。癌症相关性乏力可干扰人体正常的生理机能,导致生物钟紊乱,引起患者睡眠障碍。研究已证实严重的睡眠障碍不仅可影响患者的心理健康和身体健康,而且加重患者癌症相关性疲乏症状[16-17]。因此,癌症相关性乏力与睡眠障碍是一个相互作用的恶性循环,对患者病情康复影响较大[18-19]。故在晚期肺癌伴癌症相关性乏力的治疗中,不仅要重视改善患者的癌症相关性疲乏症状,还应重视患者的睡眠质量,从而提高治疗效果。
有氧运动是指人体在氧气充分供应的情况下进行的体育锻炼。即在运动过程中,人体吸入的摄氧量和需氧量处于相对平衡状态,达到生理上的平衡状态。有氧运动是目前治疗癌症相关性乏力最为推荐的一种主动干预方式,是一种低强度且富韵律性的运动,运动期间需调动主要大肌群、循环系统、呼吸系统、内分泌系统、消化系统等全身各大系统参与,能提高血氧含量,促进血液循环促进新陈代谢,保证组织器官血液的供给[20-21];能加快机体的新陈代谢,减轻患者因肌力下降导的疼痛、肢体僵硬和功能衰退,促进体力状况的恢复,减轻疲乏症状[22-23];还能使调控情绪的脑神经区域得到激活,刺激垂体促进β-内啡肽释放,兴奋脑神经系统,改善患者的心理及精神状态,产生愉快感并松弛肌肉,改善疲乏症状[24-25]。本研究示干预8周后,干预组Piper疲乏评分和PSQI评分下降值、SQLI评分上升值与对照组治疗后比较更显著,且干预组患者的临床总有效率明显高于对照组,提示有氧运动治疗晚期肺癌伴癌症相关性乏力患者的效果肯定,不仅能明显改善癌症相关性乏力症状,而且能改善睡眠质量,从而提高患者的生活质量。推测有氧运动作为一种低强度且富韵律性的运动,运动时能通过调动全身各大系统参与,不仅能加快机体的新陈代谢,促使患者身心和精神恢复平衡,而且可提高动脉血氧含量和增加重要脏器的血供,改善重要器官的功能,从而改善疲乏症状,是的大脑皮层的兴奋性下降,促进患者的入睡,提升睡眠的深度,提高睡眠质量;而睡眠质量的改善发过来可激活中枢神经神经区域,促进脑垂体分泌β-内啡肽,减轻紧张情绪,缓解乏力症状。
总之,有氧运动用于晚期肺癌伴癌症相关性乏力患者的疗效确切,不仅能明显改善癌症相关性乏力症状,而且能改善睡眠质量,从而提高患者的生活质量。但本研究纳入的病例数较少且干预时间偏短,必要时增加病例数及延长干预时间进行深入探讨。
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(收稿日期:2020-11-24)