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谈英语名词性从句的结构与巧记

2021-11-21王玉玲

教育实践与研究·中学课程版 2021年10期

王玉玲

摘   要:為了便于记忆英语语法“名词性从句”,通过改写学生熟悉的寓言《滥竽充数》,把例句融合在里面,通过复述简单的故事来帮助学生熟记语法知识,还把故事制作成声情并茂的情景剧动画,既增加课堂的趣味性,又便于学生课下反复观看,进行复习。在学生复述、背诵故事和表演情景剧的同时,通过给学生拍成照片和录像留作纪念,学生积极在微信和朋友圈转发,使学校英语学习氛围更加浓厚,形成英语学习大气候。

关键词:英语名词性从句;学习趣味;声情并茂

中图分类号:G633.41   文献标识码:A   文章编号:1009-010X(2021)29-0025-03

随着我国“一带一路”政策的推行,全社会倡导积极发展与沿线国家的经济合作伙伴关系,共同打造政治互信、经济融合、文化包容的利益共同体、命运共同体和责任共同体。这就要求中职英语教学要顺应社会发展趋势,培养学生熟练使用英语的能力。但是,职业学校的学生英语底子普遍差,大多数学生,尤其是男生,对英语学习不感兴趣,听力更差,还不喜欢开口说。尤其讲语法内容时,他们普遍觉得枯燥,记不住那么多条条框框。职业教育英语教学的改革与创新迫在眉睫。

于是我们尝试用名词性从句例句编写《滥竽充数》的故事来讲解英语名词性从句。

一、教学目标和教学方法创新

为了便于记忆英语语法“名词性从句”,我们改写了学生熟悉的寓言《滥竽充数》,把例句融合在里面,通过复述简单的故事来熟记语法知识,增加课堂趣味性。

二、英语名词性从句结构和教学

名词性从句的概念:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

(一)由that引导的名词性从句

that在句中无词义,只起连接作用,引导主语从句时不能省略。除个别情况外,一般不能作介词的宾语。

1.Nobody realized(that)he was making no sound at all.(宾语从句)

没有人意识到他根本没有吹出声音。

2.All the people thought (that)he was a good player. (宾语从句)

所有人都认为他是一个好乐手。

3.The fact that he didn't understand how to play the yu wasn't found by the people.(同位语从句)

他不懂吹竽的事实没有被人们发现。

4.The truth is that he didn't understand how to play the yu.(表语从句)

事实是他不懂吹竽。

5.That Nanguo didn't understand how to play the yu was obvious.(主语从句)

南郭不懂吹竽的事就明显了。

(由that引导的主语从句,常用形式主语it代替主语从句置于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。)

6.It is obvious that Nanguo didn't understand how to play the yu.(主语从句)

南郭不懂吹竽的事就明显了。

(二)由wh-words引导的名词性从句

连接代词和连接副词what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose, whichever等在句中既保留自己的疑问含义,又起连接作用。

7. Whoever wanted to come was welcome.(主语从句)

任何想来的人都受欢迎。

8.Nobody knew how much money he earned.(宾语从句)

没有人知道他挣多少钱。

9.What he thought was interesting.(主语从句)

他的想法很有趣。

10.He wanted to listen to whichever piece of music he liked.(宾语从句)

他想听他喜欢的任何一首曲子。

11.Why he liked that was a secret.(主语从句)

为什么他喜欢那样是个秘密。

12.Where he went was a secret,too.(主语从句)

他去了哪里也是个秘密。

(三)由if, whether引导的名词性从句,whether通常用于正式的语体中,if多用于口语。If不能引导位于句首的主语从句,也不能引导表语从句,还不能和or not 连用

13.Whether he made any sound (or not) wasnt important.(主语从句)

他是否发出声音不重要。

14.Nobody knew if(whether) he was making any sound.(宾语从句)

没有人知道他是否发出声音。

三、例句编写的故事与巧记

改写的《滥竽充数》英文版如下。

A New Story About

Being There Just To Make Up(补足,拼凑)The Number

During the Warring States Period (475~221BC), the King of the State of Qi was very fond of listening to yu ensembles(合唱曲).He often got together 300 yu players to form a grand music. The king treated his musicians very well. Whoever wanted to come was welcome. A man named Nanguo heard about that and he managed to become a member of the band, even though he was not good at playing the instrument at all. Whenever the band played for the king, Nanguo just stood in the line and pretended to play. Nobody realized (that) he was making no sound at all. (Nobody knew if (whether) he was making any sound.) Whether he made any sound wasnt important. As a result, all the people thought (that) he was a good player.

The fact that he didn't understand how to play the yu wasn't found by the people. (The truth is that he didn't understand playing the yu.) He enjoyed his treatment just as the other musicians did. Nobody knew how much money he earned. When the king died, his son became the new ruler. What he thought was interesting. He preferred solos(独奏曲) so that he ordered the musicians to play the yu one by one. He wanted to listen to whichever piece of music he liked. Nobody knew who is the next person to play the yu. Why he liked that was a secret. Therefore, that Nanguo didn't know how to play the yu was obvious. (It was obvious that Nanguo didn't know how to play the yu.) He had to run out of the palace. Where he went was a secret, too.

《濫竽充数》中文版如下。

新编滥竽充数

在战国时期,齐国的国王很喜欢听吹竽合奏。他经常让三百名吹竽的人一起演奏,并给他们很好的待遇。任何想来吹竽的人都受欢迎。一个叫南郭的人听说了,想方设法地变成了乐队的一员,即使他根本不擅长这种乐器。当乐队演奏时,南郭只是站在队伍里假装吹。没有人意识到他根本没有出声(没有人知道他有没有出声)。他是否出声不重要。结果,所有的人都认为他是个好乐手。人们没有发现他不懂吹竽的事实(真相是他不懂吹竽),他享受着同其他乐师一样的待遇没有人知道他挣了多少钱。当国王死了,他的儿子成了新的统治者。新国王的想法很有趣,他更喜欢听独奏,所以他命令乐师一个一个地吹。他想听任何一首他喜欢的音乐。没有人知道谁是下一个演奏的人。新国王为什么喜欢那样是个秘密。因此,南郭不懂吹竽的事情就明显了,他不得不逃出了宫殿,他去了哪里也是个秘密。

这个故事,学生大多从小耳熟能详,这就给记住意思差不多的英语故事打下了基础。以前讲语法,例句只是用来理解规则的,例句之间不相关。而把例句编成故事,除了帮助学生理解规则外,也可以帮学生想起语法规则,并使这些规则潜移默化地融入学生的语言中。另外我们把故事制作成情景剧动画,声情并茂,既增加了趣味,又便于学生课下反复观看,进行复习。在学生复述、背诵故事和表演情景剧的同时,给学生拍成照片和录像留作纪念,学生积极在微信和朋友圈转发,使学校英语学习氛围更加浓厚,形成学习大气候,所以这种讲课方法一举多得,值得尝试。

【责任编辑 李晓旭】