小学数学教育教学中问题情境的创设
2021-09-23郭广春
郭广春
摘 要:小学数学是义务教育阶段重要的基础学科,对于学生的思维培养、创新能力都有着积极的意义。在教学实践中,我们常常用到问题情境创设的方法来引入课堂,加强课堂的“可读性”,促进学生更好地理解内容。问题情境是一种具有体验性、引导性和灵活性的体验情感式教学引入方法,在小学数学教学中既符合小学生的认知规律,能促进数学内容的具象化和模块化,同时也有利于教师再审视自己的教学责任,更好地实现新课标教育要求。当问题情境创设运用到小学数学教育教学中时,难免会遇到方法守旧、可操作性不强,形式古板、趣味性缺少,内容涣散、针对性不强等问题。针对这些矛盾,我们提出了在教学中加强思考的循序渐进,促进生活场景的融合,同时注意情境主题的具体化和针对性,从各方面促进小学数学教育教学与问题情境创设更有效地融合,提升教学实效性。
关键词:小学数学;教育教学;问题情境
【中图分类号】G623.5 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1005-8877(2021)22-0133-02
【Absrtact】primary school mathematics is an important basic subject in compulsory education stage,which has positive significance for students' thinking cultivation and innovation. In teaching practice,we often use the method of problem situation creation to introduce the classroom,strengthen the "readability" of the classroom,and promote the students to understand the content better. The problem situation is a kind of experience emotion teaching introduction method with experience,guidance and flexibility. It not only accords with the cognitive law of primary school students in mathematics teaching,but also promotes the concrete and modularization of mathematics content. At the same time,it is helpful for teachers to re-examine their teaching responsibilities and better realize the standard education. When the problem situation is created and applied to mathematics education and teaching in primary school,it is inevitable to encounter problems such as conservative method,weak maneuverability,old-fashioned form,lack of interest,lax content and weak pertinence. In view of these contradictions,we put forward to strengthen the gradual thinking in teaching,to promote the integration of life scenes,and to pay attention to the concretization and pertinence of situational themes. From all aspects to promote primary school mathematics education teaching and problem situation creation more effective integration,improve teaching effectiveness.
【Keywords】primary school mathematics;education and teaching;problem situation.
新課改越来越崇尚学生综合素质的培养。而数学学科作为一门集抽象和逻辑于一体的学科,更对学生的数学素养有着不小的要求。在实践教学中,问题情境的教学经常被引入。本文将从问题情境的概念及原则谈起,探讨其在小学数学教学中应用的必要性,并剖析其结合存在的问题,提出在小学数学教育教学中进行有效的问题情境创设的方针策略。
1.问题情境的概念及原则
(1)问题情境的概念
“情”与“境”的组合通过两个字生动概括了“情境”的内涵:感情的渲染性和经历的模拟性。情境旨在将人代入具体的事件或场景中,真实感受人物的历程和思考,拥有更生动的情感体验。情境的创设在教育学中是不断被探讨的话题,而“问题情境”则是将它的内容继续扩散和延伸,探究如何通过问题引导的方式探入情境,实现情境趣味度和沉浸感的进一步提升。教育工作者们渐渐开始意识到,问题情境在中小学教育中的潜能和可利用性。
(2)创设问题情境的原则
在教育教学中创设问题情境,成为了众多教师们开始尝试和探索的途径。然而问题情境的创设,也有丰富的理论支撑和方法依托,需要我们遵循正确的原则。其一,问题情境创设具有“体验性”,即被创设者应当在情境中有充分的体验感。其二,问题情境创设还应当具有“引导性”,具有引导倾听者进入自己所讲主题和内容的作用。再者,问题情境创设还需具有“灵活性”,即围绕教学目标可以有丰富的可能性,在实际操作上可以根据具体教学场景灵活变换。