核心素养背景下高中英语阅读教学实践与反思
2021-09-10吴巧敏
吴巧敏
摘要:英语学科核心素养的落实需要深度学习,在高中英语的课程中最重要的是阅读,以深度学习为基础的阅读教学是培养学生学科核心素养最有效的方法之一。本文以高三英语阅读课为例,探讨如何在英语活动观背景下深化阅读课内容,引导学生思考并进行迁移创新,从而培养学生的英语学科核心素养。
关键词:英语学科核心素养;深度阅读教学;阅读理解
一、英语阅读教学活动的现状
在《普通高中英语课程标准》中英语学科核心素养的指导下,不少英语教师在阅读教学中能有意识地将学生引向学科核心素养培养。但是在高三英语阅读教学中要融入学科核心素养是个难点,因为高三教学任务重时间紧,再加上英语高考试题设计的题目有限,教师引导学生对阅读文本的理解常常仅在于几个题目上,未能深入挖掘文本的背景、作者写作的意图以及思想情感等,在这种“浅学”的状态下,学生对文章理解不透切。在核心素养背景下,英语阅读的目的和意义不仅仅是对文本的理解,而更应该是通过阅读来提高自身的文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。
二、基于英语学科核心素养的阅读教学
发展学生英语学科核心素养的基础是英语课程内容,新课标中英语课程内容包括六要素:主题语境、语篇类型、语言知识、文化知识、语言技能和学习策略。英语学科就是一门语言学科,语言学科的学习要在语言活动中实现,而语言活动要在一定的主题语境下进行,因此学生要围绕某一具体的主题语境,基于不同类型的语篇,通过听说读写等语言技能来获取、整理语言文化知识,深化对语言的赏析和理解,探究文化内涵,汲取文化精华。与此同时,学生还要运用所学的语言来表达个人的观点和态度,形成积极的人生观和价值观。因此,课程内容的六要素服务于学科核心素养的四个方面,对促进学科核心素养的形成和发展有着重要的影响。
三、英语阅读深度学习的实践
在高三的英语阅读教学课堂中,笔者在英语学科核心素养和课堂六要素的指导下,开展了以下教学活动。
1.以问题引导思考
思维品质的培养是从问题开始的。提问是培养学生勤思考的重要手段,也是激发学生阅读兴趣和活跃学生思维的有效途径。问题设计既要把握整体,也要关注细节。教师应围绕主题设计环环相扣的问题,引领学生主动积极地思考,在分析问题、解决问题的过程中逐步达到挖掘内涵、实现深度学习、培养思维品质的目的。
就以笔者整理的其中一个热门话题为例:livestreams。笔者通过问题链设计和课堂追问,引导学生对文本进行逻辑梳理,较为有效地对学生思维意识和思维能力进行了训练。
首先笔者从网上搜索一则名叫“网络直播带货成就新型职业农民梦想”的新闻,学生对网络直播有一个直观的感受。然后开始提问“Is the live-streams beneficial to farmers? What changes does live-stream bring to Yulin ?”学生从相关话题的阅读文本中提炼出关键信息,做出以下回答:“Yes. It can rid farmers of poverty and many farmers can lead a happy and wealthy life.”“Live-streaming changes farmers’ sales pattern. They used to sell products to the local people at the market, but now they can sell them to people nationwide on the e-commerce platforms.”接下來,笔者布置阅读任务,带着以下问题重读文本--黄冈八模(五)reading C第一段,引导学生厘清第一段与其他段落之间的逻辑关系:
1. What did Erik Nilsson do this day?
2. What kind of effect did he bring to the sale of the product?
3. How did he feel after experiencing a day in the rural area?
4. What does he mean when he said“I wish I could change my job?”
5. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
通过五个问题来挖掘第一段的细节与作用,学生通过细心的阅读加上自己的理解能做出以下回答:
1. He sold organic apples through TikTok live-streams in a village of Jiangxi Province.
2. His appearance online increased that day’s sale greatly.
3. I think he felt good/amazing /awesome/out of his expectation because many people placed orders for the apples. He had a sense of achievement.
4. He thought experience was so great that he wanted to be a seller and sold products through live-streams.
5. To lead in the topic.
对文段有了初步了解后,在让学生带着问题继续让下探究:
1. What’s the function of China’s e-commerce platforms?
2. What benefits do the e-commerce platforms bring?
学生回答:
1. China’s e-commerce platforms open up the market for Chinese farmers produce.
2. They have brought an increasing number of sales online and rid most farmers of poverty.
从这两个问题中,引导学生总结出China our country provides great support for the poor rural areas这一结论,从而可以继续探究国家究竟给予农民怎样的支持?
1. What kind of support does our country provide?
2. What is the training about?
3. Was the training accepted by the farmers at first?/ What was most poor farmers’ first respond to the training?
4. Why did they change their attitude toward it?
學生回答:
1. The Farmers’ Education Training Center (FETC)in Hainan Province invites some professionals to teach farmers a variety of practical and effective skills.
2. The training is about short video editing,short video marketing and live-streaming sales skills,etc.
3. Only a few villages were interested in it, most of them were doubtful about it.
4. They found that the training did bring great profit to the farmers who got the hang of the skills. It was not until then that they were willing to give it a shot.
整堂课观察显示,学生对语篇阅读中的推理、论证、判断、归纳等思维训练活动很感兴趣,因而课堂气氛热烈,教学效果良好。同时,学生进一步了解了网络销售模式,消化了所读内容,达到了深入理解阅读主题的目的。
2.深化内容,输出想法
为了进一步巩固所掌握的知识,笔者把本话题和应用文写作结合起来,编一个作文题让学生练练笔:假如你是李华,你将参加村里举办的一场主题为“Great changes in our village”,从网络直播给农村生活带来巨大的改变这方面写一份演讲稿,字数100字左右。
最后让同学们讨论一下网络直播的弊端。同学们发散思维,结合家人一些网购经验各抒己见。
S1: The quality of the goods is not as good as the ones shown on the live-streams.
T: Quite right. The good and bad things are intermingled with each other. Usually you will buy some cheap and inferior commodities through live-streams.
S2: Some live streamer are teenagers who prefer to sell goods through live-streams rather than go to college or even high school because they think they can earn a large sum of money.
T: So, what do you think they should do?
S3: I have an idea! They can teach their parents or relatives how to do the live streams and use the money they earn to pay for the tuition fee.
T: Brilliant! That’s a really good idea.
给学生一个平台,教师会收获无数惊喜!这是深度学习最吸引人的一部分。
四、英语阅读深度学习的反思
本文设计的阅读教学实践是从本校学生实际出发的,设计难度不大,学生比较容易接受。提问环节遵循关联性、阶梯性和层次性,由易到难,环环相扣的原则。而问题链的实施,使学生更好地理解文本,挖掘内涵和提升思维,为写作任务的完成又提供了充分的语言和信息的帮助。
五、结语
英语阅读教学是培养学生核心素养的重要方式。在教学中,教师要通过切合学生实际的、循序渐进的阅读任务和活动推动学生的思维步步深入、层层突破,让学生从中体验深度学习给自己带来的提升,使英语课程成为立德树人的课程。教师要引导学生积极主动地参与到探究主题意义的学习活动中,学会运用所学语言分析问题和解决问题,从而达到发展英语学科核心素养的课程目标。
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