英语教学中情境创设的问题分析与优化策略
2021-03-03韩笑雨
○韩笑雨
《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》明确指出了现代外语教育注重语言学习的过程,强调语言学习的实践性,主张学生在语境中接触、体验和理解真实语言,并在此基础上学习和运用语言。随着新课程教学改革的深入,一些英语教师情境教学意识普遍增强,但由于欠缺建构语言学习内容与学生生活、经验、情感相接的探究,情境创设刻意追求新颖化、趣味化、复杂化,忽视学生自身认知水平和需求,脱离学生真实生活和情感体验,反而出现了虚假交流及浅层表达现象,导致课堂教学效果不理想。本文结合具体课例,剖析情境教学中的常见问题,并探究行之有效的优化策略。
【教学回放】
教学内容:Where Do They Live?核心句型新授环节
T:Boys and girls,please look at the picture.Where does Guang Touqiang live?
Ss:In the forest.
T:Look at the animals.How do they feel?Ss:They are sad.
T:The animals say“Help!Help!”Who can help the animals?Please answer the questions.
......
课件依次出现单个动物被关进笼子的图片,学生回答正确,笼子则消失,并出现“Iam free.Thank you!”的台词字幕。小动物先后分四次全部得救,学生完成本课重点句型的四组问答训练。
【诊断分析】
教师忽视教材本身提供的大自然中的动物自由栖息地,大费周折地创设“光头强捕捉动物”和“学生营救动物”的复杂情境,在没有充分分析学生语言学习认知水平和需求的情况下,盲目创设情境,语言教学停留在知识的传授上,不能促进学生综合语言运用能力的提升。
【教学重构】
T:There are many animals in a forest.Where does a bird live?
S1:In a tree.
T:Where else does a bird live?
S2:屋檐下。
T:Great.The swallows nested under the eaves.So we can say a bird lives under the eaves.Under the eaves.
Ss:Under the eaves.
T:Where else does a bird live?S3:笼子里。
T:Whose bird lives in a cage?......
T:Wonderful.We love our pets(宠 物),but how to keep them happy and healthy?What can we do?
S4:We can give it w ater and food every day.
......
教师充分挖掘文本与单元主题相关联的语境,通过创设开放性的问题情境,引发学生从对核心句型的学习过渡到对文本主题意义的自主探究。学生从不同的角度、层次提出自己独到的见解,聚焦热爱动物的主题意义,达成关爱动物的情感共鸣,较之创设虚拟情境,其内在教育的价值更为可观。由于三年级学生英语语言知识储备不足,允许学生借助汉语表达,教师适时补充新词汇,实现让学生自己去解码、发现和构建英语语言的意义,在理解和学习语言的过程中,促进学生语言能力、思维能力及情感态度等多种素养协同发展。
【教学回放】
教学内容:Jenny’s Summer Holiday一般过去时态和一般将来时态结构的语言操练环节
T:Boys and girls,please look at the man.He wears a red cap,and holds a flag in his hand.What does he do?
Ss:A guide(导游).
T:Yes.A guide goes to many places every year.Who w ants to be a guide?What did you do last summer?What will you do this summer?
S1:Last summer,Iwent to Qin Huang Dao with my parents.We swam in the sea and played on the beach.This summer...
【诊断分析】
上述课例中,教师创设生活化情境时刻意追求形式,忽略了学生真实的生活体验,导致个别学生在语言实践活动中出现畏难情绪。六年级学生的英语语言知识储备足够丰富,但情境中时间状语局限于last summer和this summer,没有为学生提供更为广泛的时间范畴,大量的生活情境相对应的英语动词短语不能被提取运用,导致学生语言输出千篇一律。
【教学重构】
T:You were in primary school from 2016 to 2021.What did you do in the past six years?Please talk about your school life in groups and share your good memory.
Group1:We had many lessons in the past six years.There were Chinese,maths,English,science and so on.Our favourite subject was Music in Grade One...
T:You w ill go to the Middle School in September.Which Middle School will you go to?
S1:The eighth Middle School.
......
T:I w ill miss you,boys and girls.What w ill you do in the future?Please write a short poem about your future.
讨论分享和诗歌创编的过程正是灵活运用语言知识的过程,真实且有意义的语言表达帮助学生进一步熟练掌握两种时态的结构,实现语言内化达成学以致用的教学效果。
【教学回放】
教学内容:My favourite season B Read and write语言拓展环节
T:Which season does Robin like?
Ss:All the four seasons.
......
T:Which season do you like best?Why?
S1:I like spring best.Because the weather is warm.There are many beautiful flowers.
......
T:Now can you write a letter to Robin?Please tell him your favourite season.
【诊断分析】
学习了Robin喜欢的季节,再通过给Robin写信谈谈自己最喜欢的季节,这种交流、表达情境无异于同桌之间的Pair Work,教师沿用了操练环节的语言活动,语言输出停留在基于文本内容的仿写,没有实现语言学习的拓展和迁移,导致高年级英语写作教学高耗低效。
【教学重构】
T:Which season do you like best?
S1:Ilike summer best.
T:Why?
S1:Because the weather is hot and sunny in summer.I can go sw imming and eat ice cream.
......
T:But if you are a kite,a flower or a snowman,which season do you like best?Please write something now.
S1:Iam a kite.Ilike all the four seasons.My favourite season is spring.Because the weather is warm.The wind is warm and soft.Ican fly high in the sky.Ican see many children on the grass.The children are happy,and Iam happy,too.
......
教师准确捕捉写作主题与学生年龄心理特点的契合点,引导学生把自己化身为a kite,a flower等,从不同角度感受四季的美好。富有情趣的审美体验激发了学生写作兴趣,使得学生迅速进入情境,语言输出丰富,学生的写作潜能得以挖掘。
小学英语课堂教学活动离不开情境的创设,教师应基于教学主题,依托教材情境,在遵循生活化、整体化的原则下,将学生的体验、情感、成长的意义进行多维联结整合,真正从知识本位走向学科育人。