二维剪切波弹性成像在颈部不同病理类型淋巴结中的鉴别诊断价值
2020-11-10梁奎王晓荣宋涛
梁奎 王晓荣 宋涛
[摘要] 目的 探討二维剪切波弹性成像(2D-SWE)在颈部不同病理类型淋巴结鉴别诊断中的价值。 方法 选取2017年10月—2019年5月新疆医科大学第一附属医院101例共145个颈部肿大淋巴结的患者,对其行常规超声及2D-SWE检查,将其按淋巴结病理或随访6个月后的结果进行分组,将淋巴结结核、淋巴瘤、转移性淋巴结作为病例组(92个),反应性增生淋巴结作为对照组(53个)。通过二元logistic回归筛选出对病例组和对照组鉴别价值较高的弹性参数,并通过该参数在各组间的比较及ROC曲线确定诊断界值。 结果 二元logistic回归显示淋巴结血流类型、内部回声及2D-SWE参数Emax在病例组和对照组间鉴别诊断价值较高。各组间比较显示淋巴瘤、淋巴结结核、转移性淋巴结的Emax值均高于反应性增生淋巴结(均P < 0.01),且逐级增高。鉴别淋巴瘤与反应性增生淋巴结Emax界值为30.0 kPa(P < 0.01),AUC、灵敏度、特异度分别为0.783、78.57%、67.92%,鉴别淋巴结结核与淋巴瘤Emax界值为47.53 kPa(P < 0.01),AUC、灵敏度、特异度分别为0.856、71.43%、91.30%,转移性淋巴结Emax值与淋巴结结核比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 颈部不同病理类型淋巴结的硬度值存在差异,2D-SWE参数Emax是反映这一硬度差异的首选弹性参数,可作为颈部淋巴结疾病超声鉴别诊断的重要补充指标。
[关键词] 颈部淋巴结;病理类型;鉴别诊断;二维剪切波弹性成像
[中图分类号] R445.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)09(a)-0029-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the differential diagnosis value of two dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in different pathological types of cervical lymph nodes. Methods A total of 101 patients with 145 enlarged cervical lymph nodes from October 2017 to May 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were selected, and they underwent routine ultrasound and 2D-SWE examination. They were grouped according to lymph node pathology or results after six months of follow-up. Nodal tuberculosis, lymphoma and metastatic lymph nodes were selected as the case group (92 cases) and reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes as the control group (53 cases). Binary logistic regression was used to screen the elastic parameter with high differential value between the case group and the control group, and the diagnostic boundary value was determined by the comparison of this parameter between the groups and the ROC curve. Results Binary logistic regression showed that lymph node blood flow type, internal echo and 2D-SWE parameter Emax had higher differential diagnostic value between the case group and the control group. The Emax values of lymphomas, nodal tuberculosis and metastatic lymph nodes were higher than those of reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes (all P < 0.01) and increased step by step. The Emax boundary value of lymphomas and reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes was 30.0 kPa (P < 0.01), and the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.783, 78.57% and 67.92%, respectively. The Emax boundary value of nodal tuberculosis and lymphoma was 47.53 kPa (P < 0.01), and the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.856, 71.43% and 91.30%, respectively. There was no significant difference in Emax value between reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes and nodal tuberculosis (P > 0.05). Conclusion The 2D-SWE parameter Emax is the preferred elastic parameter to reflect the difference in hardness of cervical lymph nodes of different pathological types, which can be used as an important supplementary indicator for the ultrasonic differential diagnosis of cervical lymph node diseases.
转移性淋巴结在四种病理类型中硬度最高,与癌细胞侵蚀,淋巴结结构被破坏,纤维组织增生及坏死物沉积有关[17-21]。转移性淋巴结Emax值与淋巴结结核比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),对二者的鉴别仍需要结合临床及超声特征综合判断[22-24]。
有研究[25-27]采用Q-Trace描记出淋巴结最大截面进行测量,描记法对发现淋巴结局灶性转移可能更具优势,但会将淋巴结内钙化灶和液化坏死区包含在内,由于剪切波不能在液体中传播,弹性图上液化坏死区内出现大片“空洞”区,影响图像质量及测量,而钙化灶会使测量结果高于淋巴结的真实硬度。因此选择避开钙化灶和液化坏死区的感兴趣区,使用Q-Box法测量,结果可信度更高。
本研究局限性有:①样本量较小,未按淋巴结结核分型和转移淋巴结肿瘤组织学类型进行亚组分析[28];②颈部固有曲率导致弹性图容易出现伪影,颈动脉搏动可能会带动周围组织振动产生横波,这些因素都可能影响测值准确性[29]。
综上所述,颈部不同病理类型淋巴结硬度存在差异,2D-SWE参数Emax是反映这一硬度差异的首选弹性参数,可作为颈部淋巴结疾病超声鉴别诊断的重要补充指标。
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(收稿日期:2020-05-13)