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解析英语中的定语从句

2020-09-10翟晓静

新教育论坛 2020年7期
关键词:先行省略代词

翟晓静

摘要:在英语语法学习中,定语从句是十分重要的一个知识点。在实际生活中,定语从句也被广泛应用。下面我对定语从句进行解析学习。

一.基本概念

1.定语:指用来限定修饰名词或代词的成分,可以用形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式做定语,也可用一个从句作定语。

2.定语从句:用来修饰前面名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

3.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

4.引导词:引导定语从句的词,包括关系代词(that/who/whom/which/as)和关系副词

(when/where/why)两类。引导词位于定语从句之前先行词之后,其可连接先行词和定语从句,也可在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语),充当主语时关系代词不能省略。

Eg.1) I like the girl who /that has curly hair . (先行词the girl 指人,在定语从句中做主语,故选关系代词who /that,且不可省略)。

2)The person (whom/ who )you are talking to is my favorite singer. (先行词The person指人,在定语从句中做宾语,故选关系代词whom/who,可省略)。

3)The supermarket that /which was built recently will be decorated in 2 weeks. (先行词The supermarket指物,在定语从句中做主语,故选关系代词that /which,且不可省略)。

4)I lost the bike (that /which )you bought for me . (先行词the bike指物在定語从句中做宾语,故选关系代词that /which,可省略)

5)This is the river where /in which I can swim . (先行词the river指物,在定语从句中做地点状语,故用关系副词where)。

二.定语从句分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

三.关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物,在从句中可做主语或宾语。Eg:

1)Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. (做主语,不可省略)

2)The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.(做宾语,可省略)

2.which用于指物,在句中做主语或宾语。Eg:

1)The building which has special design is a supermarket. (做主语,不可省略)

2)The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. (做宾语,可省略)

3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:

The girl (whom /who )you are looking for is my best friend . (做宾语,可省略)

4. whose:指人或物,是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语(动宾或介宾)即先行词的什么东西怎样了,whose不能省略。Eg:

1)I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. (Whose+n做主语,不可省略)

2)He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. (Whose+n做动宾)

3)The boss in whose company I work is very kind. (Whose+n做介宾)

四.关系副词的用法

1. when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。Eg:

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。Eg:

2.where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。Eg:

This is place where he works.=This is the place in which he works .= This is the place that /which he works in .这是他工作的地点。

3.why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。Eg:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

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