围手术期肠内外联合营养支持对老年结直肠癌患者预后、胃肠道菌群及免疫功能的影响分析
2020-07-23戴剑杜金林金晰函
戴剑 杜金林 金晰函
[摘要] 目的 探討围术期肠内外联合营养支持对老年结直肠癌患者预后、胃肠道菌群以及免疫功能的影响。 方法 选取2016年9月~2017年10月我院就诊的老年结直肠癌患者98例,根据治疗方法分为联合组(n=50)和对照组(n=48)。对照组给予肠外营养干预,联合组给予肠内营养联合肠外营养干预。比较治疗前后总蛋白、清蛋白、血红蛋白、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、肠道菌群变化,记录患者胃肠功能、住院时间、营养费用,比较不良反应、复发率发生情况。 结果 治疗后,两组患者总蛋白、清蛋白、血红蛋白均有提高,联合组高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者炎性因子CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达均有提高,联合组表达水平低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,患者免疫功能表达水平均有提高,联合组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组患者双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌、消化链球菌、葡萄球菌高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组第一次排便时间、排气时间均早于对照组;住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。联合组不良反应发生率8.00%、复发率6.00%均低于对照组25.00%、22.92%(P<0.05)。 结论 给予老年结直肠癌患者围术期肠内外营养支持,可改善免疫功能,降低炎症反应,纠正胃肠道菌群失调,降低营养费用、不良反应发生率、复发率,改善预后。
[关键词] 围术期;肠内外营养;结直肠癌;胃肠道菌群;免疫功能
[中图分类号] R735.34 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2020)14-0018-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of perioperative enteral and parenteral nutrition support on the prognosis, gastrointestinal flora and immune function of elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 98 elderly patients with colorectal cancer who were treated in our hospital from September 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled. According to the treatment, they were divided into the combined group(n=50) and the control group(n=48). The control group was given parenteral nutrition intervention, and the combined group was given enteral nutrition combined with parenteral nutrition intervention. The changes of total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein(CRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α), immunoglobulin A(IgA), immunoglobulin Protein G(IgG), immunoglobulin M(IgM) and intestinal flora before and after treatment were compared. The gastrointestinal function, hospitalization time and nutritional costs were recorded. The adverse reactions and recurrence rates were compared. Results After treatment, the total protein, albumin and hemoglobin were increased in the two groups. The above indexes of the combined group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The expression of inflammatory factors CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in both groups were improved after treatment. The expression levels of the combined group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the expression level of immune function was increased in both groups, and the expression level of combined group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus were higher in the combined group than those in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the first defecation time and exhaust time of the combined group were earlier than those of the control group, and the hospitalization time in the combined group was shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions and the recurrence rate was 8.00% and 6.00% in the combined group, which was lower than that of the control group(25.00% and 22.92%)(P<0.05). Conclusion Perioperative enteral and parenteral nutrition support in elderly patients with colorectal cancer can improve immune function, reduce inflammatory response, correct gastrointestinal flora imbalance. And it can reduce nutritional costs, adverse reaction rate and recurrence rate, and improve prognosis.
2.5两组患者胃肠功能恢复及住院时间、营养费用比较
治疗后,联合组患者第一次排便时间、第一次排气时间均早于对照组(P<0.05);联合组患者住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者营养费用对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表6。
2.6 两组患者不良反应发生率、复发率比较
治疗期间,两组患者均有出现腹胀、呕吐、切口感染等不良反应,联合组发生率8.00%明显低于对照组发生率25.00%(P<0.05);对患者进行1年随访,联合组复发率6.00%低于对照组22.92%(P<0.05),見表7。
3讨论
结直肠癌是消化道恶性肿瘤之一,随着经济不断发展,人们饮食习惯的改变,结直肠癌的发病率逐年呈上升趋势[7]。结直肠癌不仅会影响胃肠道消化功能,导致机体蛋白下降,同时也会造成患者营养不良,若长期治疗无效,可损伤患者免疫功能,导致患者病情进一步加重。因此必须给予患者有效营养干预,改善患者机体免疫功能、营养不良状态[8-9]。
营养状态是机体产生抵抗能力、组织生长修复能力以及维持机体正常生理的一种物质基础,因此给予结直肠癌患者围术期营养支持尤为重要[10]。临床营养支持主要包括肠内营养、肠外营养2种方法,但是长期肠外营养支持会损伤肠黏膜,造成肠内细菌移位,导致患者术后不良反应增加[11]。肠内营养是临床上比较常用的营养支持,与肠外营养联合,可优势互补,不仅能够提高机体免疫能力,同时也可降低不良反应发生率,缩短患者住院时间,促进患者病情康复[12-13]。本研究显示,给予患者肠内外营养联合治疗后,患者血清总蛋白、清蛋白、血红蛋白改善效果均优于采用单一肠外营养支持患者。分析原因在于:肠内营养更加符合人体正常生理代谢功能需求,符合小肠的吸收特点,可尽早被吸收利用。TNF-α为机体处于应激反应时的炎性介质,与机体炎性水平呈正相关;CRP属于急性时相反应蛋白,为炎性反应的敏感指标;IL-6在机体免疫应答中占有重要地位,当机体组织受到创伤时,TNF-α、IL-6、CRP表达水平均异常上升,加重患者病情[14-15]。本结果显示,给予患者结直肠癌患者围术期肠内外营养支持,患者TNF-α、IL-6、CRP等表达水平虽有上升,但明显低于单一肠外营养支持患者,表明围术期给予结直肠癌患者肠内外营养干预,能够改善机体炎性反应。
研究显示[16-17],结直肠癌患者术前均有不同程度免疫功能低下,加之手术、饮食受限的影响,导致患者机体免疫功能进一步下降,如何缓解免疫功能抑制现象、稳定机体内外环境是围术期面临的难题。本研究结果表明,给予患者肠内外营养支持后,患者IgA、IgG、IgM等免疫功能指标表达水平均有提高,且明显高于肠外营养支持患者,证实肠内营养与肠外营养联合支持更能有效改善机体免疫功能,促进患者病情好转。本研究证实,给予患者肠内外营养支持,患者排气时间、排便时间均早于单一肠外营养支持患者,且患者住院时间短。原因在于:肠内外营养支持能够有效稳定肠道内外环境,促进肠道蠕动、分泌、吸收,获取营养,促进病情好转。研究显示[18-20],结直肠癌的发生、发展与饮食习惯导致的肠道内环境改变密切相关,而肠道菌群是构成肠道内环境的重要因素,结直肠癌患者术前肠道菌群在种类、数量、比例等方面均会发生巨大变化,如双歧杆菌显著减少等。本次结果显示,给予患者肠内外营养支持,患者双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌、消化链球菌、葡萄球菌均有改善,且效果优于采用单一肠外营养支持患者,表明肠内外营养支持可有效调节结直肠癌患者肠道内菌群失衡。此外,本结果证实,肠内外营养联合支持,患者不良反应发生率8.00%低于单一肠外营养支持患者,复发率6.00%低于肠外营养支持患者,表明肠内外营养联合支持可降低患者术后不良反应,降低疾病复发率,改善患者预后。
综上所述,给予老年结直肠癌患者围术期肠内外营养支持,可改善患者营养状况,提高免疫功能,降低炎症反应,有效纠正胃肠道菌群失调,缩短患者住院时间,降低营养费用、不良反应发生率、复发率,改善患者预后。
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(收稿日期:2019-05-27)