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闭合性骨折后下肢DVT患者D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原与Caprini评分的相关性分析

2020-04-09阙禄辉

医学信息 2020年4期
关键词:纤维蛋白原深静脉血栓二聚体

阙禄辉

摘要:目的  分析閉合性骨折后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)患者D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原与Caprini评分的相关性。方法  选择2017年1月~2019年10月我院收治的136例闭合性骨折患者作为研究对象,根据是否并发下肢DVT进行分组,其中42例闭合性骨折后发生下肢DVT患者作为观察组,94例骨折后未发生下肢DVT患者作为对照组,比较两组血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平及Caprini评分,采用多因素Logistic回归分析及Pearson相关性分析D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原与Caprini评分的相关性,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原联合Caprini评分对闭合性骨折后下肢DVT的预测效能。结果  观察组血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平及Caprini评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平及Caprini评分均是闭合性骨折后下肢DVT的独立影响因素(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,闭合性骨折后下肢DVT患者血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平均与Caprini评分呈正相关(r=0.542、0.631,P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原联合Caprini评分预测闭合性骨折后下肢DVT的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.915,高于D-二聚体的0.710、纤维蛋白原的0.640和Caprini评分的0.680,差异有统计学意义(Z=4.812、5.621、6.127,P<0.05)。结论  闭合性骨折后下肢DVT患者D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原与Caprini评分的关系密切,三者联合预测下肢DVT的效能较好。

关键词:闭合性骨折;下肢;深静脉血栓;D-二聚体;纤维蛋白原;Caprini评分

中图分类号:R683                                  文献标识码:A                                   DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.04.030

文章编号:1006-1959(2020)04-0101-03

Abstract:Objective  To analyze the correlation between D-dimer, fibrinogen and Caprini score in patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after closed fracture. Methods  A total of 136 patients with closed fractures admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to October 2019 were selected as the research subjects. They were grouped according to whether they had concurrent lower limb DVT. Among them, 42 patients with lower limb DVT after closed fracture were used as the observation group and 94 fractures were observed. Patients who did not develop lower extremity DVT were used as a control group. Plasma D-dimer, fibrinogen levels and Caprini scores were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze D-dimer, fibrinogen and Caprini correlation of the scores, using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the predictive power of D-dimer, fibrinogen, and Caprini scores for lower limb DVT after closed fractures.Results  The levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen and Caprini scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that D-dimer, fibrinogen level, and Caprini score were independent factors affecting lower limb DVT after closed fracture(P<0.05); Pearson correlation analysis showed that lower limb DVT after closed fracture Patients' plasma D-dimer and fibrinogen levels were positively correlated with Caprini scores(r=0.542,0.631,P<0.05);ROC curve analysis showed that D-dimer and fibrinogen combined with Caprini scores predict closed fractures The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of hindlimb DVT was 0.915, which was higher than 0.710 for D-dimer, 0.640 for fibrinogen, and 0.680 for Caprini score,the differences were statistically significant (Z=4.812,5.621,6.127,P<0.05).Conclusion  D-dimer, fibrinogen, and Caprini score are closely related in patients with DVT of lower extremity after closed fracture. The combination of the three predicts the effectiveness of DVT in lower extremity.

D-二聚体属于内源性纤溶指标,血清D-二聚体水平升高,往往提示机体处于高凝状态,血栓形成风险随之明显增大[7]。对于闭合性骨折患者而言,血浆D-二聚体水平升高,提示下肢DVT发生的可能性较大。本研究结果显示,观察组血浆D-二聚体水平高于对照组(P<0.05),与李静丹[8]等研究结果相似。纤维蛋白原被国内外研究证实为血浆中含量最高的凝血因子之一,其本质是一种糖蛋白,具有强大的凝血功能,参与机体凝血过程。贾宏伟等[9]研究表明,机体血浆纤维蛋白原水平升高,可直接增大血液黏稠度,促进血小板聚集,导致血液高凝状态,增大血栓形成风险。本研究结果显示,观察组血浆纤维蛋白原水平高于对照组(P<0.05),提示纤维蛋白原可能参与闭合性骨折后下肢DVT的发病过程。D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原在一些心脑血管疾病患者中均可升高,单独应用对闭合性骨折后下肢DVT的诊断特异性较差,因此需联合其它指标,协同提高对该病的诊断水平。

Caprini评分是全球范围内普遍用于评价下肢DVT发生风险的量表,具有操作易行、无需额外专项培训和静脉系统检查[10]。本研究结果发现,观察组Caprini评分高于对照组,且经多因素Logistic回归分析,Caprini评分均是闭合性骨折后下肢DVT的独立影响因素(P<0.05),提示闭合性骨折后下肢DVT发生风险与Caprini评分的关系密切。然而,单独应用Caprini评分诊断闭合性骨折后下肢DVT的结果不够精确。本研究通过Pearson相关性分析显示,闭合性骨折后下肢DVT患者血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平均与Caprini评分呈正相关(P<0.05),提示闭合性骨折患者术后血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平和Caprini评分越高,并发DVT的风险随之增大。为进一步量化评价上述指标对闭合性骨折后下肢DVT的诊断效能,本研究通过ROC曲线分析显示,D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原联合Caprini评分预测闭合性骨折后下肢DVT的ROC曲线下AUC为0.915,高于D-二聚体的0.710、纤维蛋白原的0.640和Caprini评分的0.680(P<0.05),说明三者联合预测下肢DVT的效能较好,可降低漏诊率和误诊率,提高诊断的灵敏性和特异性。

综上所述,闭合性骨折后下肢DVT患者D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原与Caprini评分的关系密切,三者联合预测下肢DVT的效能较好。但本研究仍存在不足之处,采取单中心研究、样本量不多、缺乏长期随访数据、未能分析骨折类型、严重程度及手术类型对D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原及Caprini评分的影响,有待日后扩大研究规模,优化研究设计,予以深入研究证实。

参考文献:

[1]李嘉浩,张斌飞,王鹏飞,等.下肢骨折患者健侧肢体深静脉血栓形成的发生率及危险因素分析[J].中华创伤骨科杂志,2018,20(12):1060.

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收稿日期:2019-12-22;修回日期:2020-01-02

编辑/杜帆

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