科佩尔中央公园

ENOTA事务所

科佩尔中央公园位于皮兰斯卡大街和塞梅德拉滨海步道之间，同时也和大运河及城市市场相邻。皮兰斯卡大街代表了城镇基础

设施发展的一个新阶段，而塞梅德拉滨海步道是科佩尔最重要的特色街道之一，它曾经是连接岛屿和陆地之间的一条纽带。这条路线连接了大海与盐池，在过去的几十年里，曾经的盐池区随着城市发展逐渐被填满，重新恢复后的土地为城市发展带来了巨大潜力。现在，这些土地已有部分建成使用，但还有大量的未利用土地和一些正在建设的区域。

1 科佩尔中央公园一期平面图Koper Central Park phase I layout

2 鸟瞰Aerial view

项目所在地紧邻街道和大海，这是一个非常重要的空间特质。场地部分被城市市场后方的大型停车场所占据。从更高的层面来看，此地是游客到达斯洛文尼亚海岸后与大海首次接触的地方，也是科佩尔镇与伊佐拉镇通向滨海区域的起始点。只有对整个滨海步道进行全面、综合的规划，才能在视觉和功能上将2个独立的城镇区域连接成为一个符合逻辑的整体。

新中央公园覆盖了一个十分开阔的区域，因此它的设计可以作为进一步干预的原型。密集的腹地绿化作为新的干预措施，不仅提供了一个统一且有吸引力的外观，还掩盖了周边建筑结构的异质性。城市海滩与现代中央公园的元素融合，鼓励当地居民与游客以不同的方式参与到空间的使用和体验中。

中央公园新置入的基本建筑模块是一系列统一、起伏的元素。它们被精确地放置在场地中，结合明显的绿色地形，将整个公园的表面柔和地划分成多个独立的内向式小岛。各个建筑模块的设计都有不同的方案。在某些地方，它们比较高，起到阻挡视线与隔离周边嘈杂环境的作用；在另一些地方，它们比较低，使区域间的交通畅通连接。起伏的建筑模块在场地中形成了观景场地、儿童的障碍训练场、攀岩墙、滨海酒吧背景墙、音乐会场地、儿童游乐场以及阅读区等。由于靠近大海，场地有多样化的与水相关的元素，比如水池、地面洒水设施、间歇泉、抛物线射水装置、小跌水以及与建筑模块相结合的水景平台等。这些元素鼓励人们积极地使用空间，并有助于未来将海滩向公园内部延伸。

景观设计中仅使用了本土的地中海植物。高大的乔木有策略地排布在场地中，与公园两侧现有的树林相呼应补充，不仅为功能区提供了荫蔽，还为公园区域提供了一道屏障，使其免于受到周边环境的干扰。为了增强空间使用的多样性，这个新的中央公园并没有设置传统的人行步道，而是在入口区以及预计地面使用率较高的区域铺设嵌入草坪的砖面，从而让游客自由定义行走路径以及对空间的使用方式。一段时间后，如果公园要增加新的元素，或者形成了在最初设计时没有预想到的路径，这样的铺设形式也便于对其进行调整或重新布局。

3 科佩尔公园局部鸟瞰Aerial view of part of Koper Central Park

4 绿化种植Greenery

5 混凝土沙丘Concrete dunes

中央公园充满创新的布局形式对科佩尔市的居民来说是一笔重要的财富，因为它开发了一套目前城市规划无法达成的模式。新的中央公园是一个受欢迎的地方，它以独特的形式与空间组织方式，打破了公园设计的既有形式。科佩尔中央公园为附近更大范围的开发提供了适用性依据，同时也为斯洛文尼亚其他衰败的海岸区提供了一个成功的更新发展范例。

（编辑/王一兰）

项目：科佩尔中央公园

类型：邀请赛 一等奖

设计年份：2016年

状态：2018年建成

场地：26 000 m2

造价：3 000 000欧元

委托方：科佩尔市

地址：斯洛文尼亚，科佩尔

坐标：45°32’38.6”N 13°43’23.8”E

建筑设计：ENOTA

项目组成员：Dean Lah, Milan Tomac, Peter Sovinc, Polona Ruparčič, Peter Karba, Jakob

绿化：Spicy Garden

合作方：Ivan Ramšak s.p.（结构工程），Nom biro（机械装置），Nom biro（电气装置）

摄影：Miran Kambič

翻译：朱艺宁

校对：钱蕾西

New Koper Urban Park is set between Piranska Road and the Semedela promenade, and between the Grande canal and the area just beyond the city market. Piranska Road represents a new stage in the development of the town’s infrastructure while the promenade is one of the more important features of the town having once acted as the link between the city on the then-island and the mainland. As such, it counts among the characteristic elements in the panorama of Koper. The connection ran between the sea and the salt ponds. As the city developed during the past decades, the former salt-pond area was gradually filled in. The land thus recovered represented a major development potential for the town. Nowadays, these surfaces are partially built, but there are still extensive unoccupied surfaces, including the area under consideration.

6 小看台Small tribunes

7 混凝土沙丘Concrete dunes

8 大看台与湖面Large tribune with lake

The key characteristic of the area is the immediate connection with the promenade and the sea, which is to be recognised as a significant spatial quality. The area is partially occupied by a large car park behind the city market. In the broader context, the area represents the first contact with the sea for the visitors to the Slovene coast, and it represents the starting point of the riviera between the towns of Koper and Izola. Only a comprehensive and co-ordinated treatment of the entire belt along the promenade will be able to visually and functionally connect the two currently separate parts of the town into a logical whole.

The area of the new city park covers a sizeable portion of the wider site and its design can thus serve as a prototype for further interventions. The new intervention offers a uniform and attractive appearance, and with its intensive hinterland greenery, it drowns the heterogeneity of the surrounding built structures. The fusing of the elements of a city beach and a contemporary city park encourages the area’s residents and visitors to use the space in different ways.

9 休息区Sitting area

The basic building blocks of the new city park are monolithic, undulating urban elements. Their controlled placement in the space in combination with a pronounced topography of the green surfaces softly divides the whole of the park’s surface into individual introverted programme isles. The design of the individual urban elements consistently follows the different programmes. In places, they are taller and act as a shelter from views and the noisy surroundings; elsewhere, they are lower and allow for an unimpeded contact between programme zones. The organically designed urban elements form stands for viewers, an obstacle course for children, climbing walls, a backdrop to a seaside bar, a concert venue, a children’s playground, a reading area, and more. Due to the proximity of the sea, the programme zones are appointed with numerous water elements. A pond, ground sprinklers, a geyser, parabolic water jets, cascades and a water platform in combination with the variegated urban elements encourage an active use of the space and an expansion of the future beach towards the interior of the park.

The planted portion of the landscape design is laid out only with indigenous Mediterranean vegetation. The strategically arranged tall growth complements the existing tree lanes on both edges of the park, gives shade to the individual programme zones, and offers the park area additional protection from the impacts of the surroundings. In order to encourage as much diversity in the use of its space, the new city park doesn’t feature traditionally designed footpaths. Interlocking paving with a free arrangement of grass-coloured tiles is limited to the access points and the sections of the park where a more intensive use of the ground is expected. In this way, the visitors define their own path and their own manner of using the space. In case new content is added to the park, or if obvious desire lines are formed, which is very difficult to predict initially, this manner of paving enables an easy rearrangement of the compacted surfaces at a later time.

The innovative layout of the city park is a great new asset for the citizens of Koper as it enables the development of programmes which the city presently cannot offer. The new park is an attraction and with its unique form and the manner of spatial organisation, it transcends a merely functional park regulation. It represents a prototype for further designing of the wider area, as well as motivation for development-oriented attitudes in regard to other sections of the Slovene seacoast currently in a state of decay.