135例类风湿关节炎患者感受的变化及其相关性分析
2019-12-19张颖刘健黄旦万磊龙琰鲍丙溪孙广瀚
张颖 刘健 黄旦 万磊 龙琰 鲍丙溪 孙广瀚
【摘 要】目的:觀察类风湿关节炎患者感受变化及其与指标间的相关性。方法:选取安徽中医药大学第一附属医院诊治的135例类风湿关节炎患者,发放患者感受量表[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、简明健康状况调查问卷表(SF-36)],并观察患者的临床指标。分析患者感受变化及其与临床指标间的相关性及关联性。基于SAS及SDS将患者分为2组,对比其指标的差异。结果:①135例
患者中,SAS异常者60例(44.44%),SDS异常者38例(28.15%),两者均异常者20例(14.81%);且SF-36量表中,生理机能(PF)、生理职能(RP)、躯体疼痛(BP)、活力(VT)、情感职能(RE)、精神健康(MH)较常模组明显下降。②Spearman分析显示,SAS、SDS与类风湿因子(RF)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)等免疫炎症指标呈正相关;SF-36与SAS、SDS、RF、ESR、hs-CRP等呈负相关。③关联规则分析表明,SAS升高与hs-CRP、ESR、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗CCP抗体)升高有明显关联性;SDS升高与RF、ESR升高有明显关联性。④与正常组比较,SAS异常组患者的RF、hs-CRP显著升高;SDS异常组RF、抗CCP抗体、CRP、补体C4明显升高。结论:多数类风湿关节炎患者存在患者感受的异常,且患者感受与疾病的活动度及免疫炎症代谢指标关系密切,焦虑、抑郁患者的实验室指标较高。
【关键词】 关节炎,类风湿;焦虑;抑郁;患者感受;相关性分析
Feeling Changes of 135 Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Analyses
ZHANG Ying,LIU Jian,HUANG Dan,WAN Lei,LONG Yan,BAO Bing-xi,SUN Guang-han
【ABSTRACT】Objective:To observe the feeling changes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the correlation between the changes and the indexes.Methods:One hundred and thirty five patients with rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine were selected and given the Patient's Feeling Scale(SAS,SDS,SF-36),observing their clinical indexes and analyzing the relationship between the their feeling changes and clinical indexes.The patients were divided into two groups based on SAS and SDS,and the differences of their indexes were compared.Results:①Of all the patients,
60(44.44%)had abnormal SAS,38(28.15%)had abnormal SDS,and 20(14.81%)had abnormal SAS and SDS.In the SF-36 scale,PF,RP,BP,VT,RE and MH were significantly lower than those in the normal group.②Spearman analysis showed that SAS and SDS were positively correlated with indicators of immune inflammation such as RF,hs-CRP and ESR.SF-36 was negatively correlated with SAS,SDS,RF,ESR and hs-CRP.③Analysis based on association rules showed that the increase of SAS was significantly related to the increase of hs-CRP,ESR and anti-CCP antibody,while the increase of SDS was significantly related to the increase of RF and ESR.④Compared with the normal group,the RF and hs-CRP of the SAS abnormal group were significantly higher,and the RF,anti-CCP antibody,CRP and complement C4 of the SDS abnormal group were significantly higher.Conclusion:Most patients with rheumatoid arthritis have abnormal feelings,which are closely related to the activity of disease and the index of immune inflammation metabolism.The laboratory indexes of patients with anxiety and depression are higher.
3.5.3 SDS正常组和异常组患者的临床指标比较 与正常组比较,SDS异常组的各项指标均较高,其中,RF、抗CCP抗体、CRP、C4升高差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表8。
4 讨 论
RA发病机制尚不明确,具有治疗时间长、病情反复的特点,患者长期受疼痛的折磨,加上长期服药的不良反应及经济负担,生理及心理上备受折磨,多数患者出现负面情绪,患者感受出现较大的变化。多数RA患者存在一定的焦虑、抑郁。有研究显示,29.3%~70%的RA患者伴发焦虑,44.6%~66.25%的RA患者伴发抑郁[14-15]。刘健等[16]对风湿病患者的SF-36进行探究,发现患者各维度的积分均下降,此外,病程长、并发症多的患者,其总积分随着炎症指标的升高而降低。
本研究发现,约有44.44%的RA患者存在焦虑,28.15%存在抑郁,焦虑、抑郁均存在者约14.81%。魏雪敏等[17]对118例RA患者的焦虑、抑郁症状分布情况及影响因素进行分析,发现患者中伴焦虑症状者占52.54%,伴抑郁者占22.88%。本研究中,与常模组比较,RA患者的SAS、SDS积分明显升高。而SF-36量表中,PF、RP、BP、VT、RE、MH 6个维度的积分明显降低。对SAS、SDS与临床指标的相关性进行探究发现,SAS与RF、抗CCP抗体、CRP、ESR、IgA、C4呈正相关,SDS与RF、CRP、ESR呈正相关。关联规则分析表明,SAS升高与hs-CRP、ESR、抗CCP抗体升高有明显关联性;SDS升高与RF、ESR升高有明显关联性。有学者提出,RA患者并发精神心理疾病与疾病活动度相关,而多项研究表明免疫介导炎症与精神心理疾病尤其是抑郁、焦虑息息相关[18]。RA是以T淋巴细胞激活为主的自身免疫性疾病,而诸多研究表明固有及获得性免疫介导的炎症可诱发抑郁和焦虑[19],故自身免疫介导的炎症可解释RA合并焦虑、抑郁的发病率如此之高。研究表明,RA伴抑郁与hs-CRP、ESR有一定的相关性[20-21]。
基于SAS、SDS积分对比正常组及疾病组患者的临床指标,结果发现,SAS异常患者的RF、hs-CRP显著较高(P < 0.05);而SDS异常患者的RF、抗CCP抗体、hs-CRP、C4顯著较高(P < 0.05)。
本研究发现,多数RA患者存在患者感受的异常,存在一定程度的焦虑、抑郁及生活质量下降,且与疾病的活动度及临床指标的升高有较大的相关性。基于此,临床治疗时,不仅需要考虑患者症状及体征的改善,还需干预其患者感受,改善生活质量,避免产生焦虑、抑郁的负面情绪。
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收稿日期:2019-08-08;修回日期:2019-10-09