文旅：万里之遥的“诗和远方”

彭纳

Culture and tourism ： looking for the sense of remoteness

這里是“非洲屋脊”——埃塞俄比亚。4月，即将进入雨季的埃塞被蒙蒙细雨润泽，一列蓝白相间的现代化轻轨缓缓驶入首都市中心的十字广场站。几分钟后，列车再次启动，穿过熙攘的城市，往下一站开去。置身这样的亚的斯亚贝巴，常常让人恍惚，是徘徊在久远的神秘感，还是现代的霓虹中？

在古希腊语中，埃塞俄比亚意为“被太阳晒黑的人民居住的土地”。东邻吉布提、索马里，西同苏丹、南苏丹交界，南与肯尼亚接壤，北接厄立特里亚的埃塞俄比亚，坐拥丰富的矿物、地热、水力、森林资源，大量的野生动物更赋予这片土地灵动与生机。“非洲是人类的摇篮”——1871年达尔文提出的大胆推测，为狂野的非洲大陆披上了一层神秘的人文色彩。

非洲大陆的辽阔久远、狂野、神秘无不汇聚在埃塞俄比亚。带着人类是否从这里起源，文明的尽头是否可以在这里寻觅的疑问，走进这里最原始的部落，仿佛叩开了远古的大门。在摩尔西部族中，据传说，当地女性选择将嘴唇和耳垂割开，然后在其中塞入泥盘，将之越撑越大，以这种自残的形式毁容，从而确保了自身安全以及部族繁衍。久而久之，身体成为了艺术的载体，繁复的花纹与装饰绚丽夺目又野性十足……

从远古抽身，又与自然的鬼斧神工相遇。3500万年前，由于强烈的地壳断裂运动，非洲板块从阿拉伯古陆块中被撕扯出来，形成了现在的红海、亚丁湾和东非大裂谷。大约1万年前，海底缓慢抬升起一道山脊，把达纳吉尔地区与红海隔离开来，在缓慢沉降中，形成了低于海平面100多米的凹地。随后，一系列火山活动在这片名为达纳吉尔的凹地留下了沸腾的温泉、爆裂声不断的熔岩湖、亦真亦幻的海市蜃楼……奇观之中，还横亘着世界上最古老的熔岩湖——Erta Ale，站在湖边，沸腾的岩浆就在面前翻滚，“地狱之门”的名号当之无愧。

近年来，随着中国超越美国连续9年成为非洲第一大贸易伙伴国，非洲也成为中国游客日益青睐的“诗和远方”。20侣年1—7月，中国赴非旅游人数同比增长超过70%。2017年6月，埃塞俄比亚对中国游客实行电子签证，同年中国公民首站赴埃塞俄比亚的游客数量同比增长96.1%，2018年上半年同比增长82.5%。埃塞俄比亚首次登上2017年和2018年上半年中国公民出境前40位目的地名单。

埃塞的魅力不仅在于探险之旅、寻古之旅，而且还是闻香之旅。

相传，多年以前，埃塞俄比亚咖法地区的牧羊人最先发现了咖啡，到今天，咖啡已经成为世界性饮品。正是因为咖啡文化在世界的行销，这些生在埃塞的红豆开启了全球“巡演”。

每年的12月，埃塞俄比亚塔普咖啡产区的庄园里，满枝通体红透的果子正待人采撷。经过晾晒并对脱壳的咖啡豆进行人工分类筛选后，这些豆子就将启程前往万里之外的中国广东。

近年来，中国咖啡消费量快速增长，越来越多来自世界各地的优质咖啡进入中国市场，为消费者提供了更多选择。根据广东省海关提供的数据显示，该省2017年咖啡及其制品的进口量已经达到约27万吨，占全国进口量的四分之一。

而埃塞亚吉铁路等基础设施的完善，加快了咖啡出口的效率。成批的咖啡豆通过公路、铁路运往吉布提港口装船，经过21天左右的海运进入中国。

随着“异国红豆”来到中国的，还有被中国传统文化吸引的年轻人。

在河北吴桥杂技艺术学校的练功房里，来自埃塞俄比亚的16岁少女黑克玛格外引入注意。小姑娘握紧滚环，一次次翻转着，汗水顺着她棱角分明的脸颊流下，滴落在了练功房的地板上。

“在整个非洲，还没有一名女子滚环杂技演员，我的目标就是成为这第一名。”少女脸上带着一丝羞怯，眼神中却充满了坚定。

黑克玛希望成为知名的杂技演员，能到世界各地演出，挣钱养活家里人。谈及未来，她很有信心。将来她还想在埃塞开一所杂技学校，让更多孩子和家庭拥有更好的未来。

随着中埃两国建立起全面合作伙伴关系，两国交往不断向着多领域拓展，文化、旅游成为两国合作的亮点与前沿。

2018年，中非合作论坛北京峰会开幕式上，中国提出以打造新时代更加紧密的中非命运共同体为指引，实施“八大行动”。这其中包括，加强发展经验交流，支持开展经济社会发展规划方面合作;在非洲设立10个鲁班工坊，向非洲青年提供职业技能培训;支持设立旨在推动青年创新创业合作的中非创新合作中心;实施头雁计划，为非洲培训1000名精英人才等。

亚的斯亚贝巴大学教授科斯坦蒂诺斯对此表示，人文交流将进一步促进非洲青年人的发展，为非洲国家带来更多发展机遇。

未来，随着“一带一路”建设的不断拓展，两国合作的不断加深，两个古老国度的人民将更加理解彼此的文化，两个快速发展的新兴国家将携手开拓更好的未来。

This is Ethiopia， the roof ofAfrica. In April， rainyseason was about to moisture Ethiopia withdrizzles. A blue and white modern light rail train wasslowly pulling over the Meskel Square Station inthe center of the capital city. A few nunutes later， thetrain restarted and ran to the next station through thebustling downtown. In such a city of Addis Ababa，a visitor may get confused if he or she is wanderingthrough the mystery of its past， or amidst the neon inmodern times.

In ancient Greek， the word "Ethiopia" means"the land resided by tanned people." Bordered byDjibouti and Somalia to the east， Sudan and SouthSudan to the west， Kenya to the south， and Eritrea tothe north， Ethiopia is rich in minerals， geothermal，hydropower and forest resources. Besides， a largenumber of wild animals are gifted to this productiveland， filling it with vitality. "Africa is the cradle ofhuman beings." Darwin's bold speculation in 1871painted a mysterious humanistic color on the wildAfrican continent.

Say "hello" to mysterious Ethiopia.

The vastness， remoteness， wildness and mysteryof African continent gather in Ethiopia. Did humanbeings originate from here？ Can we trace thecradle of human civilization in this place？ With thequestions like this， it seems like we are knockingat a door toward the ancient past by visiting themost primitive tribes here. It is said that the lips andearlobes of Mursi females should be pierced withpottery plates which will continuously enlarge theholes. In such a self-harming way， they make surethe safety and prosperity of the tribe. Over time，their bodies have become the camer of tribal art withcomplicated patterns and decorations of wild naturedazzling...

Having seen the wildness of the ancient tribe，we will witness the natural beauty here. 35 millionyears ago， the African plate was torn from the ancientArabian plate due to the strong crustal fracturemovement， forming the current Red Sea， the Gulf ofAden and the East African Great Rift Valley. Around10，000 years ago， the sea bed slowly raised a ridgeand separated the Danakil area from the Red Sea. Inthe slow process of sinking， a depression more than100 meters below sea level was formed， becomingthe Danakil Depression. Subsequently， a series ofvolcanic activities left Danakil Depression a boilinghot spring， a lava lake that frequently bursts， andmirages. Among these spectacular scenes， there isalso one of the six oldest lava lakes --- the Erta Ale.Standing by the lake， one can see magma boiling inthe front. Its nickname "the Gate of Hell" does notcome from nothing.

In recent years， as China has surpassed theUnited States for nine consecutive years to becomeAfrica's largest trading partner， Africa has alsobecome a popular tourist destination among thoseChinese who look for the sense of remoteness.From January to July 2018， Chinese tourists toAfrica increased by 70% comparing to the sameperiod of the previous year. In June 2017， Ethiopiaimplements e-Visas for Chinese Tourists. In thesame year， the number of Chinese tourists visitingEthiopia as their first stop in African increased by96.1%. And in the first half of 2018， it increasedby 82.5%. Ethiopia got into the list of top 40destinations for Chinese outbound tourists for thefirst time in 2017 and the first half of 2018.Cultural tourism with streams of visitors andeverlasting friendship

The charm of Ethiopia hides not only in the tourof adventure and ancient history， but also in the tourof enjoying coffee scent.

Legendary story has that Ethiopian goat herderKaldi first discovered coffee at Kaffa many yearsago. Today， coffee is popular worldwide. With thepopularity of coffee culture， the Ethiopian coffeebeans start their global tours.

In December， the red coffee beans turn mature andare ready to be picked on the coffee farms in Ethiopia.The picked coffee beans are aired， shelled and hand-picked before being shipped to Guangdong， China.

In recent years， coffee consumption has beengrowing fast in China. More and more quality coffeebrands around the world enter the Chinese market，providing Chinese consumers with more choices.According to the data of Guangdong Customs，Guangdong Province imported 27，000 tons of coffeeand related products in 2017， a quarter of China'stotal coffee import.

With the infrastructure improvement like theAddis Ababa-Djibouti Railway， Ethiopia increases itsefficiency of coffee export. Batches of coffee beansare transported by highway and railway to the portof Djibouti first， and then reach China after some 21days' sea transportation.

While the Ethiopian red coffee beans aretransported to China， young Ethiopians attracted bytraditional Chinese culture also amve here.

In the practice room of Hebei Wuqiao AcrobaticArt School， Hekma， a 16-year-old girl from Ethiopia，attracted the journalist's attention. The girl clenchedthe rolling ring and flipped it again and again andsoon the sweat ran down her cheeks and droppedonto the floor ofthe practice room.

"In whole Africa， there hasn't been a female ring-rolling acrobat， and my goal is to become the veryfirst one." Although the girl took on a tinge of shy onher face， she looked determined in her eyes.

Hekma wanted to become a famous acrobatwho can have performance tours around the worldand earn bread for her family. She was confident inher future. In the future， she also wants to open anacrobatic school in Ethiopia so that more children andtheir families can have a better future.

With the establishment of a comprehensivepartnership between China and Ethiopia， the twocountries are communicating toward multi-fields. Andculture and tourism have become the highlights andforefronts for cooperation between the two countries.

In 2018， China proposed that "Eight MajorInitiatives" will be camed out under the guidance ofbuilding an even stronger community with a sharedfuture between China and Africa in the new eraon the 2018 Beijing Summit of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation （FOCAC）. These initiativesinclude： strengthening exchanges of developmentexperience， supporting cooperation in economicand social development planning， setting up 10Luban Workshops in Africa to provide vocationaltechnical training to African youth， supportingthe establishment of a China-Africa InnovationCooperation Center that aims to promote innovationand entrepreneurship cooperation of the youth， andimplementing the Head Goose Project to train l，000elites for Africa.

Costantinos Berhutesfa Costantinos， professorof public policy at the Addis Ababa University inEthiopia， said that the people-to-people exchangesbetween Africa and China will enhance thedevelopment of African young people and bring moredevelopment opportunities to African countries.

In the future， with the continuous developmentand extension of the Belt and Road Initiative， thecooperation between China and Ethiopia will continueto be deepened， and the people of the two time-honored nations will understand each other's culturedeeper and deeper. The two rapidly developing andemerging countries will work together to build abrighter future.