港湾浴室，他颂央，泰国

1 浴室风景/Picturesque view of the Bathhouse （摄影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

这座新的卫生建筑满足了孤儿院的基本需求；厕所、个人卫生设施和洗衣房。内部结构已经建成，是项目的基本框架。

最私密的功能位于两个抹灰的混凝土体块中。中心区有洗浴用的混凝土隔间，并朝向广袤的柚木林。洗浴区只有局部是私密的，这是为了适应克伦族的文化。倾斜的竹立面覆盖着建筑正面，形成了一条通道，将两个功能连接起来。

这个项目的一个巨大挑战是排水道，它必须进行现场处理。排水系统要能在雨季处理大量的水。港湾孤儿院现有的卫生设施又小又暗，混凝土地面上还有积水和污垢。在这个浴室上，我们尝试了替代的解决办法，希望它能在该地区未来的发展中成为一个重要的财富。砾石和木地面很容易清洁、干燥，用多层石料和砾石可以排干所有潮湿房间的水。厕所的污物由埋在地下的管道排出。

泰国北部的气候使良好的个人卫生成为预防疾病的关键，特别是幼儿。通过这个浴室，TYIN希望为个人卫生创造功能良好、给人尊严的设施。□（尚晋 译）

项目信息/Credits and Data

建筑类型/Type: 浴室/Bathhouse

客户/Client: Safe Haven Orphanage

建筑设计/Architects: Andreas Grontvedt Gjertsen, Yashar Hanstad

施工/Construction: TYIN设计室建筑事务所和当地工人/TYIN tegnestue and local workers

建筑面积/Floor Area: 61m2

造价/Cost: 2.25万挪威克朗（2979欧元）/22,500 NOK(2,979 EUR)

施工时间/Construction Period: 2009.01.12-29

摄影/Photos: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com

2 浴室建造过程/Halfway into the building of the bathhouse （摄影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

3浴室背面，照片背景为缅甸山脉前的图书馆建筑/Backside of the Bathhouse, the library building in front of the the Burmese mountains in the background （摄影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

4竹子覆盖了立面的不同部分，为小个子和大个子都提供了好玩的外观和有用的开口/Bamboo covers different parts of the façade giving a playful look and useful openings for both small and big people （摄影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

5两部分砖结构之间用于沐浴的开放空间/Open space for bathing between the two brick structures （摄影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

6新的厕所是用旧轮胎和当地商店的现成产品制成的。地板用1m厚的砾石和石头排水/The new toilets are made from old tyres and readymade products from the local shops. The floor is drained with a 1m layer of gravel and stones（摄影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

7平面/Plan

The new sanitary building houses the basic needs of the orphanage; the toilets, personal hygiene facilities and laundry. The internal structure was already built and became the framework for the project.

The most intimate functions are located within the two plastered concrete masses. The central zone contains concrete containers for bathing and opens out towards the vast teak plantation. The bathing area is only partly privatised, adapted to Karen culture. A tilted façade of bamboo covers the front of the building and creates a passageway, connecting the two functions together.

A huge challenge in this project was the sewage,which has to be dealt with on-site. The drainage system has to be able to cope with large amounts of water during the rainy season. The existing sanitary facilities at Safe Haven Orphanage were narrow,dark and have concrete flooring that accumulated water and dirt. With this bathhouse we have tried alternative solutions that hopefully will be an important asset in the future development in the district. Gravel and wooden floors are easy to keep clean and dry, using layers of stone and gravel drains all wet rooms. The waste from the toilets passes through pipes buried in the ground.

The climate of northern Thailand makes good personal hygiene essential to prevent diseases,especially for small children. With this bathhouse TYIN wanted to create well functioning and dignified facility for personal hygiene.□

评论

卢健松：尽管只有60m2，该建筑的每个细节都展示了人性的关怀。建筑师通过气候、形式、功能之间复杂关系的灵活处理，展示出娴熟的创作技巧。建筑物在南侧与北侧采取了不同的造型语汇，南侧采用了大面积的竹片格栅遮阳，北侧则尽可能的开敞。废旧轮胎的灵活使用，为这栋小建筑增加了趣味。蹲便器的外围地面，以及外墙上的简易小便斗，都利用废旧轮胎改造而来。利用废旧工业化产品进行建造，可以有效地降低建筑物的造价；进一步赋予其地方性特质，则是建筑师的魔法。

唐勇：港湾浴室主要空间结构在于北面洗浴区与南面倾斜竹架的空间围合，形成虚实界面的重叠，内部地面使用的多层石料、大缝木板是快速排水的一种办法，也是乡村贫困地区低技低造价建设策略的一种有效表达。但不知道其排污方式是如何处理的？

Comments

LU Jiansong: Although just 60m2, every detail of the building is designed with humanity. The architects show skillful creative skills through the flexible handling of complex relationships between climate, form and function. The building adopts different vocabulary on the south and north sides of the building. The south side adopts a large area of bamboo grille shade, and the north side is as open as possible. The flexible use of used tires adds to the fun of this small building. The floor around the squatting pan and the simple urinal on the outer wall are all remodeled from used tires. The construction of waste industrialised products can effectively reduce the cost of buildings; but how to make it with regionalism characteristics is on the architect's magic.

TANG Yong: The Safe Haven Bathhouse is comprised of two main spaces: the washing and bathing area to the north and the enclosed area to the south, featuring a tilted bamboo façade. This spatial arrangement formed an overlapping of solid and void interfaces.The internal flooring uses multiple layers of gravels and wood decking to achieve fast drainage - a typical cost-efficient construction solution in the rural area. However, questions are raised regarding to the building's sewage treatment. (Translated by Jue Chen)

8 通风的洗澡空间具有私密感/Airy space for bathing with a privatised feeling （摄影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

9 浴室也用来洗衣服，地板很容易排水和清洁/The bathing area is also used for washing clothes. The floor is easily drained and cleaned （摄影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

10 洗澡的露比（3岁）喜欢不同高度的水箱，容易触及，容易得到乐趣/Bathing Ruby (3 yrs) is happy with the different heights of the water tanks. Easy to reach, easy to have fun with（摄影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）

11 塔萨尼在给露比洗澡/Ruby gets a bath from Tasanee （摄影/Photo: Pasi Aalto/pasiaalto.com）