厕所在哪里，伊利亚沃，葡萄牙

请问，厕所在哪里？回忆的描述

在墓地里建厕所看上去并不是最吸引人的项目。就连设计任务书也不是，场地也不是，预算也不是。尽管如此，对我们而言，它是激动人心的！

我们之前去过那里几次，总是感到不舒服，要看着地面，尽量不在大块大理石之间狭窄的小路上绊倒。

因此当我们被请来对厕所（老建筑）进行翻新时，就仿佛是它刚刚在那里建成一样。我们看到了不同的层次、街道、小路、广场、教堂、出入口、树木、石头和绿色的花坛……一切都是那么优美、有序！

这座（老）建筑非常高大，超然不群，硕大的平屋顶几乎要撞上礼拜堂。在过去，从墓地的南入口看去的效果可谓是“亵渎神灵”。

我们所做的只是减少尺寸、提炼信息。这是一种创造抽象作品的抽象尝试：无门无窗，没有罩棚也没有门廊。

用瓷砖覆面的想法是自然形成的。显而易见，瓷砖必须是绿色的。作品应更多地与自然要素相关，而少与人造物相联系，以突出近在咫尺的教堂。

为了实现这一点，创造统一而不突兀的作品，瓷砖必须覆盖整座建筑，从立面到屋顶。然而现实问题出现了：技术和经济的现实问题——情理之中！

工人不知道如何施工。那么时间进度呢？造价很高吗？这个设计使一切问题迎刃而解！我们加入了一些灰泥来优化瓷砖的原型，减少技术困难。这是一种团队合作！

从立面上提出的两个体块中穿过就可以进入建筑。从南面可以进入墓地员工使用的新设施。主入口在北面，并将人带入中心空间，进入建筑内部；外部的特征是由天然光和地面上的葡萄牙铺地（围绕连续建筑的步行道）来突出的。在男女厕所和无障碍设施之间的枢纽区有洗手盆。

这是一座没有高科技的建筑，也就意味着是用自然风（由南北朝向增强）来除湿和提供新风。

在原有的墙体上做了一个带白玻璃窗的木屋顶桁架。室内全部为白色，并通过天窗自然采光，这会提高照明舒适度。大理石洗手盆与墓地的户外设置相互呼应。烛台坚固有力，虽是刷黑的铁件，在设计上却不失精细。

作为一个整体，这两座建筑突出了墓地的层次关系，不同尺度与单元的整合，为这个“明暗搭配”锦上添花。□

（尚晋 译）

1 全景/Overall view

2 俯瞰/Overlook view

Where is the toilet, please? Descriptive memory

Toilettes in a cemetery do not seem to be the most appealing projects. Not even for the design brief. Not even for the place. Not even for the budget. Nevertheless, for us, it was exciting!

We have been there a few times before and we were always uncomfortable, looking at the floor trying not to stumble in the narrow paths between the great marble stones.

So when we were asked to do the rehabilitation of the toilettes (the old building), it was as if it was the first time there. We perceive the hierarchies,the streets, the paths, the square, the church, the entrances and the exits, the trees, the stones,and the green flowerbeds… How beautiful and organised!

The (old) building was huge and absolutely out of the context, with vast flat roofs that almost touch the chapel. It was a "sacrilege" to see this scenario from the south entrance of the cemetery.

All we did was to reduce the size and to summarise the information. An abstract exercise to create an abstract object: no doors, no windows, no sheds or porches.

The idea of using ceramic tile coating came naturally. And it was evident: the ceramic tiles had to be green. The object should be more related to the natural elements, and less with the constructed ones, highlighting the church that is so close by.

To achieve this, to create a uniform and neutral object, the ceramic tile must coat the entire building,from the façades to the rooftop. But then comes the reality: technical and economic reality - and rightly so!

The workers did not know how to do it. And the time schedule? Was it expensive? The design solves everything! We add some plasters to optimise the stereotype of the tiles and to reduce the technical difficulties. A team work!

Through the two extracted mass on the façades we get in the building. On the south side, we access the new facilities for supporting the cemetery workers staff. The main entrance is from the north and take us to the central space, inside the building,but with exterior features, pointed out by the natural light and the Portuguese Pavement on the floor (the sidewalks that surround the building continuity). Here, there are the washbasins, and it is the space that works like a pivotal area, between the female, male and accessible facilities.

This is a building without fancy technology,which means that is the wind (strengthened by the north-south orientation) that dehumidifies and renews the air.

Sating on the pre-existing walls we have a timber roof truss with a white glaze. All the interiors are white and have natural lighting through skylights, which reinforces luminous comfort. The marble washbasins match with the outdoor objects of the cemetery.The candle burner is a sturdy and resistant piece made of black painted iron despite the delicate design.

As a whole, these two objects reinforce the hierarchical network of the cemetery, not ceasing to be, by the scale and synthetic unit, plus one of its"salt and pepper shakers ".□

3 外景/Exterior view

4 从内向外/Inside to see outside

5 平面/Plan

6 内景/Interior view

项目信息/Credits and Data

建筑类型/Type: 重建公墓厕所/Recovery of the cemetery's toilet主持建筑师/Principal Architects: 里卡多·赛诺斯，索菲娅·赛诺斯/Ricardo Senos, Sofia Senos

承建/Contractor: 萨尔瓦多教区理事会员工/Workers of São Salvador Parish Council

建筑面积/Floor Area: 85m2（现存/Existent）

设计时间/Design Time: 2016

施工时间/Construction Period: 2016-2017

摄影/Photos: Nelson Garrido

7 改建前/Before renovation

8 建造中/Under renovation

9 改建后/After renovation

10 从内向外/Inside to see outside

评论

王辉：设计具有强烈的抽象感，建筑空间塑造来源于一种人为定义的内在秩序，这也是建筑师在面对周边环境信息时的创意反应。建筑师在探寻环境现象与意义之后，试图从建筑自身的逻辑由内而外地去建立与环境的联系；建筑外在形象与内在空间之间存在着强烈的反差，这同样在塑造着外与内、表现与适用之间的矛盾与张力，为这一小小的厕所建筑增添了更多的复杂性。

Comments

WANG Hui: The design has a strong sense of abstraction.The creation of architectural space originates from the inner order defined by people, which is also a creative reaction by architect when he receives information from surrounding environment. After searching for environmental phenomenon and significance, the architect tries to establish the connection between architecture and environment following its own logic from inside to outside.There is a strong contrast between the outward image and the internal space in contradiction and tension between external and internal space, and expression and practical functions, thus adds more complexity to the architecture as a small toilet. (Translated by QIAN Fang)

钟乔：初看到这个厕所改造项目的时候就有一种莫名的感动，墓园和教堂所营造的特殊地理位置和宗教氛围都给出这个公共厕所相对尴尬的存在，可是建筑师却在低造价环境下给出了一个极为恰到好处的呈现。简单的方形平面小坡顶体量，无窗的立面，深阴影的入口，特别是墨绿色釉面小块瓷砖的使用所形成的朦胧反射，都赋予了这种小型公共服务设施非常合适的谦逊和宗教氛围。

ZHONG Qiao: I have been inexplicably touched by this reconstructed toilet project with first glance. The unique site and religious sense which is constructed by the cemetery and the church leads to a relatively awkward position of this public toilet. However, it is well-presented by the architect under the low-cost condition. The simple square plane with small slope volume, façade with no windows, the entrance with deep shadow, and especially the obscure reflection formed by using blackish green ceramic tile coating,all provide this type of small public facility with appropriate humbleness and rituality. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)

11 入口俯瞰/Overlook view of entrance

12 仰视/Upward view