休憩室，马哈拉施特拉邦，印度

1 公共设施入口/Entry to common public facilities

2 食品零售和卡车设施/Tuck shop and truck facilities

重新定义卫生间

我们谁没有过在想到上公共厕所时心中一颤？或是担心在长途跋涉时找不到厕所？

印度的贸易和交通在很大程度上都有赖于卡车和卡车司机，而从事这种职业的人数在迅速下降，因为缺乏便利设施，又责任重大。如今，卡车司机在长途驾驶中很少、甚至没有卫生间或休息站；即使有也不过只是一间厕所。从这个数据来看，“休憩室”就是为孟买-果阿高速公路上不同年龄群的各类长途旅客设计的。

“休憩室”的提出：不只是公共厕所

“休憩室”不只是公共厕所，它是个具备一系列服务长途卡车司机设施的小园区。这个建筑群有多个出入口，为不同的用户群提供了不同的设施。主入口以一个凹凉廊为中心，面向女性、老人和残障人士，这样就无需深入建筑内部即可使用这些设施。女厕有4个厕位、护理站、卫生巾销售机和洗手盆。

右手侧的路通向男厕，那里有洗手区、4个厕位和8个小便斗——其中一个是为儿童设计的。

正立面的中心是卡车司机的便利店，那里有存取款和交易设施。通往卡车司机区的入口在最左端，那里有零食店、理发店、两个印式厕所、餐食间和专用的洗衣和烘干室等便利设施。所有这些都是围着一个敞亭布置的，那是放松娱乐的休闲空间。

设计理念

“休憩室”的构思是以两个理念为基础的。

（1）色彩理念——汲取其他公共设施上的灵感，比如伦敦著名的电话亭、邮筒和公交车均为红色，“休憩室”也涂上相同的颜色，让路过的人一眼就能看到这个公共设施。

（2）自然采光通风——自然采光通风有助于为各空间提供照明，并使厕所快速干燥。这个简单的手法使建筑的外墙超出外梁边线，并让空间向天空和阳光敞开。这些露天的凹空间将用于设置植物和设备，并提供采光通风。

光线在公共空间中具有极为重要的作用，因为采光通风良好的公共空间会给女性创造安全感。

结构与材料组合

主建筑由砖和混凝土设计而成，外墙为红色耐候涂料抹灰面。边缘的凉廊用50mm×50mm的箱形钢梁柱建成，屋顶为纤维水泥板。这些凉廊被作为流通空间，延伸了休闲空间，在某些情况下又是凹廊。凉廊尺度的变化让人能在不同的尺度上交流，有时是群体的、有时是个人的。

易于维护、使用可靠，成为在这些空间中选择材料的基本理念。厕所内的墙有耐候涂料，因此便于清洗。室内地面设计为大块花岗岩板，以尽量减少接口，并提高耐久度。室外地面为科塔石，既有磨光的也有糙面的。

通向各个空间的门是为不同活动设计的。大门为穿孔金属板，让更大的空间保持空气流通，通往厕所空间的门为实板，以保证私密性，并涂有车用漆，便于清洁。

传达设计

传达设计会使公共设施更加易用。“休憩室”从高速公路上500m外就有标识，主入口、各个区以及每个设施的门上都有标识。所有的标识都用两种语言设计，便于本地人和卡车司机识别。□（尚晋 译）

Redefining restrooms

Who among us has not felt horrified by the thought of using a public toilet? Or the lack of one during long road trips?

India's trade and transportation relies heavily on trucks and truck drivers, a profession that has seen a rapid decline in numbers, due to negligible amenities and excessive responsibilities. At present,truck drivers have little to no restrooms or pit-stops during long distance journeys; and the ones available are rarely more than a toilet. Looking at this data,Pause is designed for long distance travellers of all kinds and age groups on the Mumbai-Goa Highway.

Introducing Pause: more than just a public toilet

Pause is not just a public toilet. It is a campus that hosts an array of facilities that serve long distance truck drivers. The cluster has several access points, defining separate facilities for separate user groups. The main entry focuses on a verandah niche for women, senior citizen and the differentlyabled, so that one does not have to go deep into the complex to access the facilities. The women's section has 4 toilet cubicles, a nursing station, a sanitary napkin vending machine and wash basins.

On the right hand side is a passage leading to the men's zone, with a wash basin area, 4 toilet cubicles and 8 urinals - out of which one is designed for kids.

In the centre of the front façade is the Suvidha Kendra for truck drivers (convenience centre) that has banking and transaction facilities. The entry to the truck drivers section is to the extreme left that has amenities like a tuck shop, a hair cutting salon,two Indian-style toilets, a pantry and a designated space for washing and drying clothes. All these amenities are arranged around an open pavilion that is a recreational space for resting and entertainment.

Design principle

Pause is conceived based on two principles

(1) The idea of colour - taking cues from other public utilities, including London's famous telephone booths, post boxes and buses, all coloured in red, Pause is painted in the same colour to allow passersby to quickly identify its public facilities.

4 看向卡车司机入口/Looking towards truck drivers entry

5 侧立面/Side façade

(2) Natural light and ventilation - natural light and ventilation helps to lit the spaces and allows drying the toilet quickly. A simple architectural move that pushes the external wall of the building beyond the line of the external beam opens up the space to the sky and light. These open to sky niches are then used for plants, fixtures and for light and ventilation.

Light plays an extremely important role in public spaces as women feel safe in well-lit and well ventilated public spaces.

The structure and material palette

The main building is conceived in brick and concrete with external walls as plastered surfaces and weather shield red paint. The edge verandahs are built in 50mm × 50mm M.S box columns and beams with shera board roofing on top. These Verandahs are read as circulation spaces, extension to recreational space and in some cases as pocket verandahs. The variation in scale of the verandahs allows interaction between people at different scales,at times collectively or between individuals.

Ease of maintenance and the robust use formed to be the guiding principles for material selection inside the spaces. The walls inside the toilets are painted in weather shield paint so it is easy to clean and wash. Inside Flooring is conceived as large granite slabs to minimise the joints and increase the durability. The outside flooring is kota stone which is a combination of polished and rough finish.

The doors to various spaces are designed based on the activities. The main door is conceived in perforated metal so that the broader spaces are constantly breathing and door to toilet spaces are in solid block board for privacy and are painted with automotive paint so they can be cleaned easily.

Communication design

Communication design enhances the accessibility to the public utilities. At Pause there are signages starting from the highway at a distance of 500m from the location, then at the main entry point, then at the individual zones and then on each door that houses each facility. All signages are designed in two languages so that it is easy for the locals as well as truck drivers to understand and communicate.□

6 首层平面及公共空间分析图/Ground floor plan with public space diagram

项目信息/Credits and Data

建筑类型/Type: 洗手间与便民中心/Restrooms and Convenience Centre

地点/Location: 印度马哈拉施特拉邦卡纳拉鸟类保护区北侧，孟买果阿高速公路边/Side of Mumbai-Goa highway,north of Karnala Bird Sanctuary, Maharashtra, India

主持建筑师/Principal Architect: 罗汉·恰范/Rohan Chavan实习建筑师/Intern Architect: Prateek Malewar

商标与传达设计/Branding and Communication Design:Monish Ganesan and Riddhi Parikh

承建/Contractor: Shelke

场地面积/Site Area: 230m2

建筑面积/Built Up Area: 152m2

项目面积/Project Area: 155m2

设计时间/Design Period: 2017.11-2018.05

竣工时间/Completion Time: 2018

摄影/Photos: Hemant Patil

7 剖面A-A/Section A-A

8 小便池处光线质量/Urinal Light quality

9 回看男厕前厅/Male toilet lobby back

10 女厕/Female toilet

11 休闲空间/Recreational area

评论

唐勇：此高速公路卫生间是一处很有特色的小型综合服务中心,其功能设置在如厕空间的基础上增设了食品店、理发店、休息、淋浴、洗衣烘干室等多类型服务功能，这将为长途路上的司机和旅客带来诸多便利。建筑在结构上表达清晰，砖砌围合如厕私密空间，外围则巧妙地利用细方钢框架结构形成敞开式灵活功能空间，凳椅家具、花坛等也用建筑化的手法表达，尤其色彩和标志的大胆运用，可以看出设计师在此项目中非常成熟的整体设计思维和服务性设计模式。也可以称之为高速路边的特色“驿站”。

钟乔：作为为长途车司机这样的特定人群设计的便捷服务设施，项目的落地性和可复制建设性都很强，红色提供了建筑统一的识别标识，但建筑同时又因其跟地域环境结合紧密而显现出各自不同的明显特征。可以想象当建筑与树林的结合，与山体的结合，与不同村落的结合，都会因地制宜地显现各自的独特魅力。另外，完善而贴心的混合功能给这个特殊的行业群体创造了一个网络化的移动的聚集交流场所，为他们提供的不仅仅是体能上的休息，更是精神上的交流与慰籍。

12 美容中心/Grooming centre

Comments

TANG Yong: The Pause Restrooms on the Mumbai-Goa highway is a characteristically smallscale integrated service centre. In addition to the toilet facilities, it also provides a tuck shop,a grooming centre, washing/bathing areas, seating, laundry rooms and much more, ffiering numerous convenient services to the drivers and passengers. This architecture is structurally well articulated with enclosed private space in the centre. The outer layer forms a range of open and flexible functional areas which derive from its steel frame structure. The public furniture and flower beds are also designed to express the same architectural details, especially through bold colour and signage design. The architect has embedded a sophisticated design throughout this project as well as a human approach for providing services. This building can be seen as portraying "Yam" along the highway. (Translated by Jue Chen)

ZHONG Qiao: As a convenient service facility particularly designed for coach drivers, the project is very practical as well as replicable. The red colour provides the buildings with a recognisable standard mark, while due to closely related to the environment, each building shows their distinct characteristics. It can be imagined that when the project is associated with the woods, the mountain, and different villages, it will respectively present diverse attractiveness according to local conditions. Besides, the completed and thoughtful multifunction facility creates a networked and mobile gathering place for this special group of people - it is a place for not only physical rest, but also spiritual exchange and consolation. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)